The original Colorado judge made a "
finding of fact (linkie)" that Trump
did engage in insurrection but ruled that the 14th Amendment did
not apply to presidents as they are not "officers of the United States".
The Colorado Supreme Court accepted the original finding (or conclusion) that Mr. Trump did engage in insurrection but overruled her saying that the presidency
is an office of the US and therefore
is covered and therefore
is not allowed to be on the Colorado ballot per Colorado law.
Judgements are legally binding opinions. They accepted the original trial finding as a matter of fact that Trump committed insurrection which formed the basis for the ruling that he is barred.
I don't think you are correct here. You know that the Colorado Supreme Court doesn't conduct trials - they hear appeals and make legal rulings on the evidence and the law.
You are right that Trump has not been tried for insurrection (yet). The civil matter of whether his conduct precludes his being on the ballot was heard by a trial judge in civil court.
From Cornell Law:
Questions of fact arise when parties disagree on facts, and after presenting evidence, the trier of fact must decide what the facts actually are. Findings of fact may be made by either a jury or a judge depending on whether the case is criminal or civil and/or if there is an agreement between the parties. These conclusions often dictate the outcome of a trial. Because questions of fact must be analyzed and decided, if there is a question of fact, a judge cannot enter a summary judgment until the factual dispute is resolved.
Trial courts are considered finders of facts and, therefore, their findings of fact are given a high degree of deference by the higher courts. On appeal, an appellate court will only overturn a conclusion of fact if the trier of fact’s decision was clearly erroneous. This is to be contrasted with a conclusion of law which will receive higher scrutiny.
Now we just don't know how the US Supreme Court will rule yet. They may agree with you and overrule the SCOC by finding that the Colorado court jumped the gun on the insurrection thing if they think it is clearly in error. Or they may not.
Whatever they decide, I think it will be more readily accepted by various factions if the verdict is unanimous.