In his opinion, Thomas said, the law "simply requires established verification methods already in use by pornographic sites and other industries.” Is that right? I don't know what that means. How does he makes that determination?
I also don't understand how explicit material is free speech in terms of the 1st Amendment. I'm sure there is a lot of precedent that I'm not aware of, but is the idea that any speech is free until it infringes on other rights?
Miller v. California is the case precedent that defined it as protected free expression.
The area where these kinds of efforts (like the one in Texas) could potentially violate that is if a reasonable case can be made that the provisions themselves cause (intentionally intended) indirect "consequences" for engaging in it as a deterrent, thereby creating a quasi-impediment to the free exercise of that expression.
For example:
We know that's it's a constitutionally protected provision that people have the freedom of association.
This will be a somewhat silly sounding example, but it'll highlight the point...
Pretend that "Ford vs. Chevy" was a socially contentious subject, so much so, that associations within those factions could potentially have social/personal/political consequences.
If a group of pro-Chevy lawmakers in a state declared that "From now on, you need to upload a copy of your drivers license if you want to get to any pro-Ford website... but we're not stopping you from being pro-Ford, so see, we're not doing anything wrong"
...everyone would recognize the implications. That being, there's some personal risk of "something potentially embarrassing coming out to the wider public" involved with that association, as a means of dissuading people from doing it. (which is what they really wanted)
Same applies here... if a case can be made that, despite them not calling for an outright ban, they're purposely setting up a framework in which there's elevated risk of getting publicly shamed associated with someone choosing to "do the thing they don't like", then one could make a case that it's a violation.
I, for one, think that is a huge part of their efforts. Certainly they can't be so naive as to think that that kids aren't smarter than the adults (in general) when it comes to internet usage. I think a big part of this is them trying to deter adults from looking at it by making it more "risky" for them to consume the content. Sort of a "It'd be a real shame if it came out in your deeply religiously conservative town that you were on the Penthouse website...you wouldn't want that to happen right???"
But much like with the drug trade, removal of the "above board" options ends up leading people to deeper darker rabbit holes. Much like the back-alley pot dealer is way more sketchy than the licensed dispensary, the same is true with the porn industry.
Objectionable as some people may find it, the licensed businesses that make it at least provide certain guarantees... for example, Penthouse and Hustler are at least making sure
- That the interactions are consensual
- That people are being compensated for their "efforts" based on agreed upon contractually enforced terms
- People are being tested for STDs
- People are over 18
You know who won't be checking for ID verifications? The distributors of much worse content on places like the dark web who don't verify any of the things mentioned above.