Hello Dan. When one isolates a single verse and tries to determine the meaning of that single verse, it is usually not possible to determine the accurate meaning of the verse by only looking at that one verse. Obviously, only God/Jesus can forgive sins. Context is what is needed here. Jesus was speaking to the Apostles in their position as his direct representatives with the authority to correctly teach Scripture. Something not covered or taught about is a crucial necessity for bible teachers to correctly teach Scripture to those being taught. All of the books in the New Testament contain the debunking of false teaching and correctly teaching the truth of Scripture. Jesus told the Apostles that they would have the authority to "bind and loose." This was a Jewish idiom that meant the speaker would declare what was actual Torah and what was not Torah. In other words, the authority to teach what was true or false. In the original text, Mat 16:19 reads,
"And I will give to you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. (In that culture, when one was given a key by a ruler, it meant that the one who had the key of the king meant that he had and could exercise the authority of the king as if he was the king himself). And whatsoever you shall bind (declare wrong) on earth, having already been bound in heaven, (my insertion) will be bound on earth and whatsoever you loose (declare to be true), having already been loosed in heaven (will be loosed on earth) Jesus did not give them the authority to give their opinions about what they thought, no, they would be speaking from what Scripture stated. They were going to the voice of God, just as the true prophets spoke forth the word of God.
Four times in the New Testament, the Holy Spirit is called the "Spirit of truth," John 14:17, 15:26, 16:13, and 1John 5:6. Thus, we can easily state that when one is given the Holy Spirit it is the same as being given the truth. John 16:13 says that the Holy Spirit will guide them into all of the truth. So, what we get from the Holy Spirit is Scripture wisdom, knowledge and truth.
So, after the Apostles received the Holy Spirit, they would gain the knowledge, through the study of Scripture, which sins God would forgive and which sins God would not forgive.
Can Peter and the 12 now remit sins >
what say you ?
dan p