The Sabbath originally was just for the Jews. Eventually the covenant was broken and a long time later God instituted a new covenant first offered to Jews who would accept Christ, then to the rest of the world. All who would accept Christ ie: Christians, would have a new covenant and thus a new Sabbath for rest. It because a spiritual rest rather than a certain day where one rested. A Christians has this spiritual Sabbath always because Christ gives us rest every day. We can also take literal rest from work on any day since Christ is the current concept of a Sabbath.
In Isaiah 56:1-8, the Sabbath is for all those who are followers of the God of Israel, who love Him and His people, and who want to be blessed. However, if you want to be a stickler about what was only given to Israel, then in Jeremiah 31:31, the New Covenant was only made with the house of Judah and the house of Israel, so it is only through becoming joined with Israel through faith in Christ that Gentiles are able to partake of the New Covenant. The theme has always been to the Jew first and then to the nations, so Gentiles also have the delight of getting to keep the Sabbath holy. In Jeremiah 31:33, the New Covenant does not involve rejecting God's Law, but rather it involves God writing His Law on our heart so that we will obey it.
There are more ways to do what is righteous or sinful that what God's Law specifically prescribes or prohibits, but God's Law is spiritual in that it has always been intended to teach us deeper spiritual principles of which the listed laws are just examples and which are the character traits of God. If have a character trait and correctly understand a spiritual principle, then we will take physical actions that are examples of that principle in accordance with what the Law instructs. For example, if someone thought that they understood the spiritual principle of love, so they no longer needed to physically take actions that expressed their love for their neighbor, then they would not be correctly understanding the principle, and the same goes for trying to spiritualize away our need to physically obey God's command to keep the 7th day Sabbath holy. So correctly understanding the spiritual meaning behind God's commands always adds depth to them and never leads us to literally disobey them.
Mat 11:28 Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
Mat 11:29 Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls.
Mat 11:30 For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.
Christ is our Sabbath rest now.
Jesus should not be interpreted as teaching people to rebel against what the Father has commanded. He lived in complete obedience to the Mosaic Law, including keeping the Sabbath holy, and in Matthew 11:28-30, he was inviting people to follow him, to take his yoke on them, and to become his disciples, not inviting people to refuse to follow him. By saying that we would find rest for our souls, he was remezing Jeremiah 6:16-19, where the Mosaic Law is described as the good way where we will find rest for our souls. This rest for our souls comes from having faith in God to guide us in how to rightly live through His Law.
Col 2:16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the Sabbath:
Col 2:17 Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.
The Sabbath was one of many things that were shadows of things to come which means they would be fulfilled and replaced with something much greater.
The OT is full of important foreshadows that teach us about who God is and about His plan of redemption and the light of Christ brings full substance to the foreshadows so that we can fully see what God was teaching us through them, which make them all of the more important to continue to do in remembrance of Christ. For example, in 1 Corinthian 5:6-8, Paul spoke in regard to how Passover foreshadowed Christ by drawing the connection of him being our Passover Lamb, however, instead of concluding that we no longer need to observe Passover, he concluded that we should therefore continue to keep the Feast. A fractal is a pattern that is structurally the same at both a small and a large scale and we must model our lives after the heavenly patten.
Heb 4:7 Much later God told David to make the promise again, just as I have already said, "If you hear his voice today, don't be stubborn!"
Heb 4:8 If Joshua had really given the people rest, there would not be any need for God to talk about another day of rest.
Heb 4:9 But God has promised us a Sabbath when we will rest, even though it has not yet come.
Heb 4:10 On that day God's people will rest from their work, just as God rested from his work.
Heb 4:11 We should do our best to enter that place of rest, so that none of us will disobey and miss going there, as they did.
Here the Sabbath is spoken as a place of rest, the eternity, when we will rest from all the struggles of life, sin and any hardships.
In Hebrew 4:9-11, there remains a Sabbath rest for the people of God, so we should therefore continue to keep the Sabbath holy in obedience to God's command. Furthermore verse 11 says that we should strive to enter into God's rest so that no one many fall away by the same sort of disobedience, so using entering into God's rest to justify the same sort of disobedience is exactly the opposite of what was being said. In 1 Corinthians 10:1-13, Israel's disobedience should be used as an example of what we shouldn't do, not as an example for us to emulate. However, the bottom line is that we must obey God rather than man, so if you think that the author of Hebrews was teaching us to rebel against obeying what God has commanded, then you should be quicker to disregard what they said than to disregard what God has commanded.