That's quite a list of verses. Can we first discuss those that address the topic of "payment" before getting into those that don't?
1 Corinthians 6:20
For you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body.
1 Corinthians 7:23
You were bought with a price; do not become slaves of men.
Both from Paul's 1st letter to the Corinthians. These don't refer to a payment toward a debt, though. They are referring to Christ's claim of lordship over us.
In brief, Corinth at the time of Paul was a relatively "new" city. The old Corinth had been destroyed by the Romans, then repopulated by freed slaves.
The Corinthians were proud of their heritage of being a free people.
Paul's illustration was that the Christians in Corinth were no longer "free" because they were now slaves to Christ. They sold themselves to Him at the price of His blood. (An accurate picture, by the way, that applies to all who belong to Christ.)
In selling themselves to Christ, they exchanged slavery to sin for slavery to Christ.
They were now free from sin. How could they then sell themselves to sin once again?