Ed,
So far, what do we have? We've asked the question, "Why does God predestine men for Heaven or Hell?" We've proposed that, in part at least, it's because of what He knows men will do. In looking for mention of predestination in the Bible, I found these passages:
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ, just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him. In love He predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the kind intention of His will, to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He freely bestowed on us in the Beloved.
(Eph 1:3-6 NASB)
In the example in Ephesians, we see descriptions of when our predestination took place: before the foundation of the world. Why? Paul answers: so that we would be holy and blameless before Him. Since this is what happens after He chose us, we could guess that we wouldn't be holy or blameless if He hadn't chosen us. Praise our glorious Savior who He has provided us with redemption! We also see descriptions of the effect of our predestination: adopted as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself. Adoption! As far as I know, adoption has an active party and a passive party. I'm sure you know, in comparing God and humanity with adoption, which one is active and which one is passive. We don't see children in orphanges step forth from their house and declare to parental passerbys, "You shall adopt me." [grin] No, it is quite the other way around, where the parent assures the child of adoption by choosing him. And why? Paul answers: according to the kind intention of His will, to the praise of the glory of His grace.
And this passage:
Or does not the potter have a right over the clay, to make from the same lump one vessel for honorable use and another for common use? What if God, although willing to demonstrate His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction? And He did so to make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He prepared beforehand for glory, even us, whom He also called, not from among Jews only, but also from among Gentiles.
(Rom 9:21-24 NASB)
In the example in Romans, we can see mention of both those destined for Hell and those destined for Heaven. And I will share with you something this poor student who doesn't claim scholarly credentials has just found out. Well, you know, Greek doesn't always translate to English in the smoothest way, right? For instance, a person may glean more meaning about the love of our Lord Jesus Christ when He is speaking with Peter after His crucifixion and resurrection (John 21:15-17) and when He asks, "Do you love Me," to Peter, Peter replies with a different word for "love." All quite interesting. [grin] But we see the same word "love," because our English word encompasses too much in itself to be entirely clear.
Here in Romans, you see, I did not realize that the word "prepared" in reference to the "vessels of wrath" differs from the word "prepared" in reference to the "vessels of mercy." I'm sure if I knew what these Greek terms meant, I could write more. As of now, words that describe the verbs, such as "aortist" or "indicative" mean nothing to me. And such passages like this in Romans would be more clear in what it's saying, of course.
What I think is right for us to say, however, is that "vessels prepared for destruction" are not destroyed for unjust reasons. That is, the Bible makes clear all over that our rebellion towards God's law is enough reason for us to be destroyed, but that God's gift of salvation is in all ways unmerited grace.
So,
In part, God predestines because He knows our response.
Explicitly, God predestines because of His gracious love (kind intention of His will) and because of His righteous wrath (on account, for example, of the just reason Rom 1:18 reveals).
Where does that leave us?
Perhaps we can look at the intertwining of these two. How does our response fit in with His decree of whether or not we are saved? That's a good question to explore, I think.