Red herring. . .
The immedite point is not the historicity of Adam. . .it's about Paul's view of Adam, as actual or only figurative.
Paul presents Adam as actual (e.g., 1 Co 15:45) and, therefore, figurative.
"Why believing in a literal Adam and Eve matters"
It's not a red herring to argue that reading the Bible in context is ultimately what's the issue. And I've already addressed this.
Red herring. . .
The immedite point is not the historicity of Adam. . .it's about Paul's view of Adam, as actual or only figurative.
Paul presents Adam as actual (e.g., Ro 5:12-17,1 Co 15:45) and, therefore, figurative.
Romans 5 definitely draws a parallel between Adam and Christ. But your conclusion assumes that imputation only works if Adam is a specific historical individual. That’s not required by the text.
The key idea in Romans 5 is representation, not biology. Adam functions as a theological archetype, a pattern of humanity's fallenness. Paul even says as much: “Adam, who is a type of the one to come” (Rom 5:14). The comparison is symbolic and theological. It’s about how sin and grace operate in the human condition, not necessarily how genetics or literal ancestry work.
If Adam is a representative figure of humanity's capacity to rebel, and Christ is the representative figure of God's grace and obedience, the logic of Romans still holds. The power of the comparison lies in what Adam represents, not in how many chromosomes he had or whether he lived 6,000 years ago.
We don't say that Christ’s imputation of righteousness only works if he’s the genetic opposite of a literal Adam, we say it works because Christ entered our condition and offered redemption. Likewise, Adam’s “sin” can be understood as describing the human condition, not a historical chain of transmission.
In fact, insisting on a literal Adam as the sole mechanism for imputed sin risks reducing a rich theological truth to a biology problem. The gospel isn’t contingent on ancient DNA, it’s about God's remedy for a condition we all share.
So no, a non-literal Adam doesn’t eliminate the need for Christ’s righteousness, it explains why everyone needs it.