The Supreme Court on Thursday was divided over whether a federal judge has the power to block President Donald Trump’s executive order ending birthright citizenship while the case moves through […]
www.scotusblog.com
I really don't get this one. It's in the Constitution, 14th Amendment. This argument about the EO on birthright citizenship centers more on the issue of universal injunctions.
That's because the case is about universal injunctions, not birthright citizenship.
The practice of universal injunctions--a judge declaring that a law cannot be enforced not only against the party in the lawsuit, but against
anyone--has become more and more common in the courts.
Terminology time. An injunction is when, before a final decision is given, a judge puts a hold on enforcing of a law while it plays out in the courts. A universal injunction is when this is done for everyone. So let's take this current situation. The government decrees that birthright citizenship isn't granted to people born of illegal or temporary residents. If someone sues to stop that, and a judge puts an injunction, that injunction only applies to the individual members of the lawsuit. It says the government can't enforce the law against the people suing, but could against other people. A
universal injunction is when the judge goes further and says they can't enforce it against
anyone.
Some judges in these birthright citizenship cases issued universal injunctions, saying that the executive order can't be enforced against anyone. The Trump administration is asking the Supreme Court to reduce those to only applying to the parties involved in the case, but isn't asking it to decide on the merits (yet). Theoretically the Supreme Court could just decide what to do with the universal injunctions in this specific case without saying anything larger on the subject, but there have been some statements by justices on the issue of universal injunctions in general before, and they may be wanting to offer a more clear opinion on them (some have suggested that univrsal injunctions may not even be legal).
Setting aside the question of legality and into policy considerations, though, universal injunctions have become increasingly controversial, and have gotten criticized by people on both the right and the left, though it's one of those things where which side is criticizing it swaps depending on who is getting more use out of them. So, for example, Republicans seemed to have little problem when conservatives were using universal injunctions against Biden, but now that Trump is on the receiving end it's suddenly important to pass a law to stop the process.
In terms of policy, one of the major criticisms of universal injunctions is the fact that if the issue goes in front of 10 different judges and 9 of the judges say there's no need for any injunction, but the 10th one says there is and issues a universal injunction, that means
one single judge has overruled those 9 others. And it gets worse, because people who want to get those injunctions deliberately engage in "forum shopping", which consists of filing the cases somewhere that you're more likely to get a judge who is more likely to issue a universal injunction. Remember, you only need to get
one judge to issue a preliminary injunction, and then every other case doesn't matter (at least until appeal).
On the other hand, for policies that affect a whole lot of people, it seems odd to require every single one to go to court to argue on the subject. Though I suppose this could be solved via a class action lawsuit.