A pop-sci book? Seriously?
Which "4.5 Gyr" problem are you having:
1. How can you measure the decay of an isotope with a billion-year+ decay rate?
2. How do we know the constants didn't change?
3. Were you there?
This thread has been dormant for a few weeks.
Radiations? Is that even grammatical?
So it is just the "were you there?" argument. Sigh.
What you seem to be lacking is even a basic understanding of the physics involved. Nothing have done in this thread disabuses us of this assessment.
Can you even specify those "entities" for us? Given the statements you've made here, I don't have any confidence in your understanding of them. It is quite difficult to take the "criticism" (more like "sniping") of a model from source that shows no understanding of the content.
Hans.
As I said I have been abroad. I answered a post I saw in my notifications.
II find it sad you have lost what must have been an enquiring mind once.
Hawkings book is significant because it presents his conclusions at the end of a life in science assuming a fundamental theory of everything.
He ends in the inevitable place.
That science is only a model, and that the only realism is model dependent. The philosophers of old , like kant, indeed those at forefront of the paradoxes of quantum reality , starting with Schrödinger himself, could have told him that ( and the role of a conscious observer. ) Till then hawking was trapped by the false assumption, often repeated here , that the physical model was a reality. By the end he accepted realism didn’t fit observations.
im guessing you must be aware of that the speed of light is not always measured as constant showing statistically significant but small variation, and may not be the constant generally assumed.
It’s sad that they “ solved it “ ( aka swept under carpet) by redefining speed and letting distance vary in standards
making research harder.
Now research is Confirming that free space modelled as containing virtual or transitory particles certainly does cause variations. If the speed of light is not constant how can you rely on anything else being invariant over billions of years?
I take it all with a great deal of interest Tempered by scepticism, it is after all only the latest version of an ever changing model,a model that gets stranger the longer you look at it. There was a time that Newton supporters ridiculed the idea of light modelled as waves And ridiculed all who dared suggest it.
AllI i have said is the extrapolation of age of earth over such a long time, from such short observation window has many potential sources of error.
The stated accuracy is tight. So it remains to be seen.
How is that even controversial?
I spent part of a career modelling , where errors could kill. It pays to be wary. Also to find the holes in enemy assumptions
There are so many chestnuts reeled out. Take Projectile motion is not a parabola!!
But philosophical issues are fascinating.
Take a generic model from a time series with n points of data.
Is using n poles, n eigdnvalues , n polynomial, whatever, more accurate or just more precise a model
Than lesser order?
You can write books on the answer to that.
Just because error bands are 1% reflects precision not accuracy, and so it is with age of earth.