There are extradition laws where an enabler, abettor or facilitator can be charged and extradited even though the facilitator and the criminal live in different jurisdictions which may have different laws concerning crimes. So if I loan my car to a person to rob a liquor store across State Lines, I can be charged and extradited.
Whether that would mean a doctor in California could be charged and extradited under Texas law, I am not certain.
I also know there are laws that apply to Cartel bosses who pay for the smuggling operations but who do not actually commit any crimes. So, if Drug Lord in X country pays for drugs to be purchased in Afghanistan, then smuggled into the US, technically the only crime is the smuggling. However, trust me, there are laws that apply to the Drug Lord, the money man and he can be charged and extradited as an accessory even if the drugs are legal in his country of origin. Under those same laws the companies paying plane fares could be held to book.
There are legal codes that apply in those cases but I am not an attorney so I can't cite chapter and verse.
Legal Jurisdiction is a thorny problem.