That's the first I've seen that her law firm knew anything about the dossier beyond the fact that research was being done, and the article provides no sources for the assertion. As for the rest of the campaign, high level campaign staff claim that they had no idea that Steele was working for them until the report leaked on BuzzFeed. But even if they did know about the report, I still don't see why it would be an issue - the information was delivered to the FBI and wasn't used in the campaign. That's what should be done if you uncover possible evidence of a crime.
Yes, that's what you do. You PAY for opposition research. Otherwise it counts as a campaign contribution.
I mean, if you're researching events that occurred in Russia, who else are you going to talk to? The key thing is that they did not know what they were providing information for, and in many cases were not aware that they were providing information at all. That's the goal of a good intelligence officer.
Why would that be her fault unless the campaign knew that the information was false (which they didn't)? People give lousy information to the FBI all the time. It's the job of the FBI to evaluate it. If you want to rag on the FBI, fine, they may well deserve it. But once again, I don't see how the failure of the FBI to properly evaluate the information (assuming that that's what happened here) in any way reflects back on the Clinton campaign.
The giving nothing is the problem here. Receiving nothing was out of his control.
Another analogy for you: You're complaining about your wife and what a horrible person she is, how she nags you all the time, can't cook, etc. Your friend Steve hears and says that he could make your problem go away if you really want. You agree, set a time and a place, but Steve chickens out at the last minute and just joins you for lunch instead of slipping some poison in your wife's wine. The only reason why your wife is still alive is because Steve decided not to kill her. You told him to go ahead and made no effort to stop him. In fact, you brought her to the lunch where he was going to poison her. The fact that Steve didn't kill her doesn't make you any less guilty.