Causality is the relationship between causes and effects. It is considered to be fundamental to all natural science, especially physics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality_(physics)
Right. Now where does it mention this "law of causality" that says that every event has a cause?
Since you failed to give an example I can only assume you are referring to things like quantum fluctuations.
No, I'm referring to a wide range of quantum events, like radioactive decay or the decay of a short-lived particle. In QM, there is nothing that determines when the decay will take place or which of multiple decay channels it will occur in.
Did you miss the part about Einstein’s theory predicting otherwise and Hubble observing otherwise?
No, I didn't miss that part, and I'm familiar with their work. As any physicist will tell you, as you extrapolate back toward the Big Bang energy densities become so high that the approximation that is General Relativity breaks down. To describe what happened earlier than that, we need (at least) a quantum theory of gravity, which is something we don't have. So we don't know what actually happened during that epoch. There are various ideas out there from cosmologists, but they're highly speculative.
Can you please give me an example of another planet that has conditions suitable for life where it also exists?
LHS1140b
Well since we only know of one “kind” of life and have no evidence that any other “kind” can exist then isn’t science supposed to be based on observation?
Yes, science is supposed to be based on observation. No, science does not draw broad conclusions about probabilities from a sample of size one.
Not from all I have ever read about it.
“
The Earth's magnetic field serves to deflect most of the solar wind, whose charged particles would otherwise strip away the ozone layer that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.” -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field
Your quotation here has nothing to do with your previous claim, which was about the magnetic field protecting the Earth from cosmic radiation. Are you withdrawing that claim? Lack of ozone would make land life more difficult, but life did appear on Earth long before there was significant free oxygen (including ozone) in the atmosphere.
Can you support this for me please?
Geological history of oxygen
Thanks, but I know what a ratio is. I want to know what's special about Earth's ratio.
Almost all single celled organisms have a special DNA called plasmids that is absent in almost all multi-celled organisms.
But one can study mutations in non-plasmid DNA in single-celled organisms, so why ignore the main laboratory target for studying mutations? Malaria parasites, for example, frequently produce copies of
var genes that then mutate, which are then deployed by the parasite to evade the host immune system.
Therefore we would have to have an example of an observed random mutation adding new and beneficial information (gene increasing) to the genome of a MULTI-celled organism,
Duplication of amylase genes in humans who have a starchy diet. Duplication of the
sun gene in domesticated tomatoes, with the new copy differently regulated and yielding a major morphological change to the tomato.