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proving evolution as just a "theory"

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USincognito

a post by Alan Smithee
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This isn't true at all. Hypotheses around eye (and vision) evolution are tested all the time. Like anything in science, it involves taking what we know, forming a hypothesis around how something could have occurred (whether formation of gross structures, underyling genetic changes, etc), determining predictions based on those hypothesis and then testing those predictions.

To suggest this is just "guesswork" is a gross misrepresentation of how science actually works.

All they have is hand waving, magic words like "assumption" and vacuous rhetoric. Notice how you can sum up entire paragraphs of their responses with "No!" and there's no actual substantive response to the evidence you've posted.
 
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MrAnderson9

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Logic is a tool of philosophy, which reaches conclusions through discussion rather than through testing and observation. Science and math don't need much in terms of logic because they physically measure.



The universe doesn't seem to have a language, given that its background static has no linguistic patterns :p

Everything speaks logic. science does.. math does.. everything. To lose logic would be to lose your grip on our perceived reality. Logic and Intellect are a direct connection.. your ability to understand logic = your intellect.


Consider what logic actually is: reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity. Abiding by those strict principles without nuance is how people end up frequently making logical fallacies. Not illogical fallacies, logical ones, because they are abiding by the rules of logic when they make them. Math can prove. Science can provide evidence. Logic can argue. I think that you have made the common misunderstanding that utilizing logic is synonymous with coherent thought and expression.
hahaha.. I think we have differing interpretations of what Logic is..

You have 1 mind.. and 1 navigation system for our current reality. You understand math.. you understand science .. you understand physics.. you understand chemistry.. etc.

That to me is because everything is written in the same logic beneath the surface level. These fields don't clash with each other because they are all being held to the same standard.. kind of like how logic gates and code uses 1's and 0's to complete a multitude of tasks.. all the tasks while different have the same language beneath them.. this language .. is even referred to as "logic".
 
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The Times

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Again, I don't know where you are getting this "random signature" idea, since we don't expect things in the universe to operate by sheer randomness.

In addition, there are other examples of various patterns in nature besides just Fibonacci. This can include everything from various types of waveforms to patterns involving symmetry, fractals, etc.

By your own argument, if a particular type of pattern points to a singular designer, then would not different types of patterns point to multiple designers?

Let me make it very simple for you and I mean very simple, without any pun intended.

We are addressing a pattern found everywhere. Even if we considered other patterns, they too are found everywhere. However, for the limited time and scope of this thread, we are discussing the Fabinnocci pattern, so please let us not digress from the issue at hand.

Let us say that Apple Smartphone's embedded algorithms developed on Earth were found in other Smartphones and on other planets and in other galaxies.

This idea presents a claim that the same algorithmic patterns were arrived at by other entities, independently of Apple Company. To make such a claim, needs to prove that there is another evolutionary developing intellectual entities (independent designers), operating out there, independent of Apple and secondly you must prove that their patent was not plagiarized, because Evolution leads to the concept of plagerization of patents found in creation, when it cannot prove why the same pattent exists everywhere. In other words the definition of Evolution itself breaks down, when its claim of random chaotic development, should by any right not yield a plagiarized patent or pattern like the Fibonacci.

This is proof alone that Evolution theory fails to prove randomness, as evidence highlights a single designer. That being said, pundents of Evolution cannot say.....

we don't expect things in the universe to operate by sheer randomness.

To make such claims, places the burden of proof on those who make such statements to why a galaxy millions of light years away exhibits the same pattern, whereby plagerism is suggested, because the embeded pattern is exact, meaning that Evolution pundents suggest a plagerization of patterns within creation, which flies in the face of their chaotic random evolution algorithmic patterns, hence this break down reveals errors in Evolution theory. The pundents of Evolution theory are therefore making a faith claim that they are confident that a single designer is not the author of life, whilst neglecting the multitude of evidence before them.

This means those that hold to the Evolution theory are making a biased faith claim, in opposition to overwhelming evidence and this is not an uncharitable statement to make, for it is the truth in the matter.

Why do Evolution pundents continue in error. It is high time to give up this futile pretensious act of denying the single author of life.
 
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USincognito

a post by Alan Smithee
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...life requires life to survive. Animals eat other living things.. does abiogensis apply to life like the life in a human and insect.. or like the life.. in a plant? or both?

I'm a little befuddled here because the part in blue suggests you don't know what autotrophs are or, that you don't think they're alive, while the part in red suggests you think they plants, at least, are alive. Could you clarify?
 
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PsychoSarah

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hahaha.. I think we have differing interpretations of what Logic is..

You have 1 mind.. and 1 navigation system for our current reality. You understand math.. you understand science .. you understand physics.. you understand chemistry.. etc.
Plenty of people don't, and don't hold too high a standard on my understanding of chemistry. It's the subject I am worst at which pertains to my major.

That to me is because everything is written in the same logic beneath the surface level. These fields don't clash with each other because they are all being held to the same standard.
No, math is absolutely held to a higher standard than science. Science can only disprove, but math can prove and disprove. The fields don't clash with each other because we view conflicts between them as errors... we invented math, science, etc. in order to learn about the world, and since we tend to use them together, having one disagree with the other doesn't help our understanding of the world much.

Although, some degree of disagreement is considered allowable... for example, it is mathematically demonstrable that the physics equations we use aren't 100% accurate depictions of what happens in the universe, but they're "good enough" for the applications we use them for, and will remain used until we come up with something better.


kind of like how logic gates and code uses 1's and 0's to complete a multitude of tasks.. all the tasks while different have the same language beneath them.. this language .. is even referred to as "logic".
Actually, logic as it pertains to computers is an entirely different thing than philosophical logic. It has to do with the type of coding a program has. Two different definitions for the same word.

And the following poem I wrote just for you takes advantage of the double meaning:
My logic skills, you will find
make 1's and 0's well defined
YES, NOT, OR, and NOR
Oh, you've seen that all before?
XOR, XNOR, AND, and NAND
This debate is in the palm of my hand.
 
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pitabread

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I think you're over simplifying my argument for the sake of you not having a logical rebuttal. " I don't know" ... and "We're a product of Intelligent design" are two very different answers. 1 makes no attempts at answering the questions .. while the other uses logic to come to the most logical conclusion our mind can process.

As I said, they effectively have the same explanatory power which is nothing. "We're a product of Intelligent design" doesn't give us any new information, tell us anything useful, or provide a different avenue for exploring the nature of the origin of universe that we're not already doing.

It's purely a plug; just god-of-the-gaps.

Everything we see is the result of a form of creation.. from the mountains.. to your house.. your body.. everything is the result of "creation" whether intentionally or accidentally or through the effect of another action.. everything appears to be the result of something. So I think it's very logical to assume that our universe is the result of something as well.

We've had this discussion already, but re-iterate, you're viewing everything from the lens of classical physics. Which is fine for describing how things work within our existing universe. The problem is that classical physics breaks down both sub-Planck length and pre-Planck time. This is where quantum mechanics takes over and things can get somewhat bizarre including things like virtual particles, quantum entanglement, and even notions of causality that don't appear to follow classical cause-effect relationships.

This is why I linked you those articles in that other thread. Did you read them? Here they are again:

Quantum causal relations: A causes B causes A
Quantum correlations with no causal order

So no, applying a classical physics view of the universe to the origin of the universe is not logical since the former does not apply based on what we already know.

Thinking that something sprang forth from nothing.. is the illogical stance.. and this is based on every day life.

I really suggest doing some research into quantum mechanics. You're going to discover things that seem illogical, weird and downright contradictory based on our classical, 'macro' view of the universe. The universe appears to be far more bizarre than I think you realize.

Me stating that there is a Creator is actually the most logical and natural conclusion.

Yeah, it's not. Especially since if you're arguing from a classical physics perspective on the origin of the universe requiring a creator, then it merely begs the question of where that creator came from. And then you're just into special pleading which is break from consistency of your own supposed logic.

So no, you haven't made a logical argument for the origin of the universe requiring a creator. Sorry.
 
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PsychoSarah

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Sarah, I know this is way off-topic; but just a quick question:

Did you ever get your Venus fly trap?
XD wow, that takes me back a bit. Yeah, but eventually mites destroyed it while it was in dormancy. I'm just sticking to all the other carnivorous plants instead. Venus flytraps are notoriously difficult to appease anyways. I mean, I have over 2 dozen carnivorous plant species all happily growing, many from different environments, but I cannot for the life of me keep a Venus fly trap alive for more than a year.

It's sad to think so many people get introduced to carnivorous plants by killing one of those. If you ever have interest in growing these types of plants, get a Drosera capensis "alba". It's a carnivorous weed that nonstop produces white flowers.

ube5ytuv.jpg
gosh, I love how their flower stalks are ridiculous.
 
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The Times

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Hurricanes, waves breaking on the beach, tornadoes, galaxies, the tails of comets, and whirlpools have nothing to do with evolution, which is a biological process. These phenomena are governed by the laws of gravitation and fluid dynamics, and presumably the appearance of a Fibonacci pattern is a mathematical consequence of these laws. Or are you asserting that God directly creates every hurricane and tornado, every breaking wave, every whirlpool and the tail of every comet so that it displays the Fibonacci pattern?

I am amazed by your cynicism that you continue to deflect the issue at hand. Why do you do that friend?

Your statement below is in error and is misleading at best.....because you stated...

Hurricanes, waves breaking on the beach, tornadoes, galaxies, the tails of comets, and whirlpools have nothing to do with evolution, which is a biological process. These phenomena are governed by the laws of gravitation and fluid dynamics, and presumably the appearance of a Fibonacci pattern is a mathematical consequence of these laws.

What you have failed to address is that the Fibonacci pattern exists everywhere and throughout galaxies and even DNA, Chemical compounds and molecules and atomic configuration have the pattern embeded within what lawfully can exist as matter. As I said what lawfully can exist as matter.

So Fibonacci pattern is not a phenomena governed by laws, rather it is an embeded algorithim and recipe that uses laws in order for matter to exist in its configuration. Therefore it is not a consequence of laws, that is the laws on their own have no say in what should be the embedded algorithm, no different to how Apple designers use the laws of electricity and the theory of electrical circuits to invent their embeded algorithms, which result in the developmental latest iPhone.

Therefore you cannot claim that.....

presumably the appearance of a Apple Algorithm is a mathematical consequence of these laws.

No!

The embedded Algorithm of creation, that is the Fibonacci pattern found everywhere and throughout galaxies, even the DNA and Atomic configurations and chemical molecules, are not a mathematical consequence of laws, because a single intelligence has just like the Apple Company, deliberately designed a product, based on intellectual property.
The algorithms don't come about on their own. If they did come about on their own as the Evolution pundents are claiming, then non random plagerization of embeded patterns is what they are claiming, which flies in the face of their random chaotic theory, which by rights should have many embeded algorithmic solutions, to arrive at a given material product. I should know, I am an Engineer.


So Evolution theory is done, that is it, therefore it has no more ground to stand on when the gaping holes are astronomical.
 
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AV1611VET

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Yeah, but eventually mites destroyed it while it was in dormancy.
Awww ... sorry to hear that! :(

Thanks for the info on what to get.

If I'm ... ever in the market for a carnivorous plant, I'll check with you first. :)
 
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Dawnhammer

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Before the universe.. before time.. before anything physical.. there had to have been intellect.

Then you get the question where the intellect came from.

Intellect doesn't just come from nothing, it must have a creator , add some trailer park and tornado example and we are back at the beginning. Useless.
 
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HiEv

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Abiogenesis is basically stating that life arrived from non life..

Sort of. Though "life" isn't exactly an on/off switch, there is a bit of a grey area in-between. For example, there are self-replicating proteins called prions. They can reproduce themselves, which is a characteristic of life, so are they alive? And then there are other things like viruses, which have more characteristics of life than prions. Are they alive?

Basically, it's likely that in the beginning some very simple things with the characteristic of self-replication appeared, just because there was a planet-sized chemistry set going on there, and they self-replicated imperfectly. Those differences due to poor replication were likely almost always bad or neutral, but the tiny percentage of differences that were good made those good changes more likely to spread. Other good changes occasionally happened and all of these good changes accumulated repeatedly over countless replications and tons of time, gradually moving it closer and closer to something we'd call "alive", until something with all of the characteristics of life eventually appeared.

So it's less like a zero suddenly becoming a one-hundred percent, than a zero gradually working up to a one-hundred percent, simply because incremental improvements over generations were favored.

I find that interesting because from my own observation.. life requires life to survive.

Some life, but not all life. Blue-green algae only needs water, sunlight, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and a few other trace elements, all of which are readily available in the environment.

That said, you can't really look at life today and assume that that's what life looked like in the beginning when it first formed. The Earth was very different back then. Even today there are forms of life that, instead of feeding off other organisms, can live off of the heat and chemicals from geothermal vents, places which are a bit closer to how the Earth looked when life started.

Observations are great, but make sure you look at a wide enough variety of examples, especially the ones that are closest to what is being discussed. Looking at animals when we're discussing the simplest of organisms won't reveal anywhere near as much as looking at something much more similar, and, in fact, may actually lead you astray due to their differences.

Animals eat other living things.. does abiogensis apply to life like the life in a human and insect.. or like the life.. in a plant? or both?

I don't know what you mean here, but plants and animals are a relatively recent invention, appearing billions of years after abiogenesis took place, and they don't really resemble early life at all. Abiogenesis is the natural process by which simple organic compounds eventually became life long ago, after that evolution took over.

" I don't know" ... and "We're a product of Intelligent design" are two very different answers. 1 makes no attempts at answering the questions .. while the other uses logic to come to the most logical conclusion our mind can process.

Saying "I don't know" doesn't mean that an attempt wasn't made at answering the question, it simply means that, despite any attempts that may or may not have occurred, you don't know the answer. One should never be afraid to admit that you don't know the answer to something when that's actually the case.

As for "intelligent design", this is not the most logical conclusion. If it were, then it would be supported by objective evidence and be an accepted part of science. As it is, there is almost no research supporting it, and there are numerous things which refute "intelligent design", such as the many examples of terrible "design". For example, the recurrent laryngeal nerve in mammals, which goes from the brain, down around the heart, and then back up to the top of the throat. This happens even in giraffes, where that trip loops over about 15 feet just for the nerve to go a few inches from its starting point. Unlike ID, evolution can explain this how this terrible "design" occurred, since in our ancient fish-like ancestors this was a direct route, which is what evolution would have predicted.

You see, the ability to make testable and accurate predictions is what makes evolution a logical scientific explanation for the evidence. ID, on the other hand, makes no testable predictions, it doesn't account for terrible "design", and it gives no actual explanations for what we find. Instead it merely pawns one "mystery" off on an even bigger mystery, thus ultimately explaining nothing at all.

ID utterly fails to explain the gradual appearance of species iterating upon themselves in the fossil record leading up to what we see around us today. It simply assumes that it couldn't happen naturally, and then takes that "I give up" non-explanation, and attempts to use it as "evidence" for a creator. Then, every single time, people present them a natural explanation that they didn't think of, and they move on. Leading to the same ever-shrinking "God of the gaps" type argument that produced creationism/ID in the first place.

ID/creationism is an utter failure at being even remotely scientific or evidence based. It's just religion cosplaying in a lab coat.

Everything we see is the result of a form of creation.. from the mountains.. to your house.. your body.. everything is the result of "creation" whether intentionally or accidentally or through the effect of another action.. everything appears to be the result of something.

But saying that everything is the result of creation is merely assuming exactly what you're attempting to prove here. This is just begging the question. Where is your evidence that it's created?

Furthermore, not everything is the result of something. If you take a look at quantum physics, things happen all the time without causes. Sure, one can statistically predict the rate at which an isotope will decay, but one cannot say which particular atom will decay or exactly when it will occur. That's because there isn't any specific cause for any particular atom to decay, it's simply statistical chance. There is no "A triggers B to happen" causation here.

So, again, you're confusing your macro-world observations here on the thin surface of the Earth, which is just a tiny fraction of how things work, for how everything always works everywhere. Observations are great, but don't confuse your tiny slice of every-day reality for how everything else works at all levels of observation all the time.

So I think it's very logical to assume that our universe is the result of something as well. What this something is.. is what we consider "God". Your perspective is that everything is the result of nothing or itself.. which isn't logical based on everything we know and understand.

Even if you just think that, by your logic, the universe has a cause, that's all the further it gets you. There is no reason to assume that the cause has to be intelligent or a being or anything else beyond "a cause".

Based on what you've presented in those two posts, even if we ignore the unsupported and apparently incorrect assumption that all things have to have a cause, jumping to conclusions beyond "there was a cause" are not supported, thus are not logical.

Thinking that something sprang forth from nothing.. is the illogical stance.. and this is based on every day life.

But every day life is nothing like the non-existence of time and space, so to compare the two is, again, illogical. You keep arguing from your personal experience, but there could be nothing in your personal experience that resembles the non-existence of everything. It's like being a deep-sea fish and arguing that water must exist everywhere, because that's all that you experience. Sometimes you have to look a bit further.

Even here in the universe we know now, particles pop into and out of existence in a vacuum (which is still a very different form of "nothing"), with no particular cause, all the time. Look into virtual particles some time. So is it really so illogical to think that something could come from "nothing" when that kind of happens already?

Maybe, maybe not. There are lots of other possibilities. I'm no physicist. However, the fact that I don't know how the universe began doesn't mean that I get to jump to the conclusion that a thinking being created it. You can't jump from "I don't know the cause" to "therefore I know the cause".

So, like I said earlier, when you don't know the cause, it's far more logical to simply say "I don't know" and not believe any claim until sufficient evidence supporting a particular cause is provided.
 
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xianghua

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As for "intelligent design", this is not the most logical conclusion.

actually it is. since the only explanation for the existence of spinning motor like the flagellum is design.


and there are numerous things which refute "intelligent design", such as the many examples of terrible "design".

do you also consider the backward retina as such example of bad design?

You see, the ability to make testable and accurate predictions is what makes evolution a logical scientific explanation for the evidence.

prediction as? and what evidence will falsified evolution? do you think that a fossil in the wrong place will falsified it as prof dawkins claimed?
 
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HiEv

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actually it is. since the only explanation for the existence of spinning motor like the flagellum is design.

LOL. No, that's most definitely not the case. I recommend you actually read the more recent scientific literature on the evolution of the bacterial flagellum and its relationship with analogous structures, such as spirochetes found in other organisms, rather than merely rely on the word of people like Michael Behe, creationist author of "Darwin's Black Box". When he was confronted on the stand during the Kitzmiller v Dover trial about his claim that the immune system couldn't have evolved, he admitted he hadn't actually read any of the evidence explaining its evolution, including everything from scientific papers to whole books on the subject. He further admitted under oath that, "There are no peer reviewed articles by anyone advocating for intelligent design supported by pertinent experiments or calculations which provide detailed rigorous accounts of how intelligent design of any biological system occurred."

The fact is, simply throwing your hands up in the air and declaring you don't know how something could have evolved, especially when you haven't looked, is not evidence that it couldn't have evolved. That's merely an argument from lack of imagination.

There are plenty of far better scientific explanations for the evolution of the bacterial flagellum than "magic".

do you also consider the backward retina as such example of bad design?

Ever had a detached retina? Or glaucoma? Or suffer from presbyopia (I have)? Yeah, our eye was pretty badly "designed", even including putting blood vessels in front of the retina, instead of behind it like the way the eyes of octopi are. It's not the worst possible configuration, but it has a lot of unnecessary drawbacks if it were intelligently designed.

Care to explain the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which is an example I actually brought up, within the framework of ID/creationism?

prediction as?

There are plenty of predictions evolution has made which were born out. One can predict what kind of fossil creatures you're likely to find at certain locations and strati, based on evolution and previous fossils. So if you have a fossil of species X at some location, and related fossil Z at the same location in a lower strata, then evolution predicts that you'd find fossil Y between them and that it should share some traits from X and Z. We've used this method to successfully predict where we'd find more fossils showing the transition from certain kinds of dinosaurs to modern birds. (Similarly see here.)

Another example would be the explanation for why most apes have 24 pairs of chromosomes, but humans have 23. Humans are descended from a common ape ancestor, so, according to evolution, one of three things must have happened: 1) A chromosome was completely lost, which is unlikely since chromosomes usually carry enough important genes that they can't simply go away. 2) An early ape ancestor had 23 chromosomes and we're closer related to them, while other apes got a copy that had split into two chromosomes, which was also unlikely because it didn't fit the timeline of known fossils, or 3) One of the chromosomes in humans is actually a fusion of two chromosomes found in other apes, this is the most consistent with evolution. So when we looked at the human genes and the genes of other apes, we discovered that human chromosome 2 is actually the fusion of two chromosomes, and includes the remnants of a vestigial second centromere and vestigial telomeres in the center of the chromosome, instead of at the ends, exactly as evolution predicted.

These are just two of many examples of the successful predictions that evolution can and does make.

and what evidence will falsified evolution? do you think that a fossil in the wrong place will falsified it as prof dawkins claimed?

What evidence would falsify evolution? I hope you'll pardon me if I paraphrase J. B. S. Haldane (whom Dawkins was likely quoting) when I say, "Rabbits in the Precambrian." If you could show that complex life popped into existence repeatedly, with no related ancestors they could have evolved from, then that would be pretty good evidence against evolution, at least for those specific examples.

That being said, "evolution" is simply a change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. That this happens is simply a fact. We see this every time bacteria evolve a new defense to a different antibiotic. You could no more disprove this than you could disprove that water is wet.

However, I assume you're talking about the theory of evolution, which is what explains how and why life evolved based upon that fact. In order to completely overturn this you would have to demonstrate a new mechanism for why species change over time which explains all of the evidence better than the current evolutionary theory. So, just to make up an example, if you could demonstrate that it wasn't actually natural selection, but actually information traveling backwards through time, and it would reliably produce results which the current theory would say wouldn't happen, then you'd have something. It doesn't have to specifically be that, but it would have to be something of that magnitude.

So, now that I've explained what would disprove evolution for me, I ask: What would disprove ID/creationism to you?
 
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Skreeper

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we can also ask what if we will find a cell-phone with a self replicaition system. like a living thing.

As soon as something like that has been found give us a call. But before that you might wanna keep your crazy and unrealistic hypotheticals for yourself.
 
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Skreeper

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same like evolution- "evolution did it". and since we have evidence for creation and not for evolution- the burden of proof is on evolutionists side.

"No evidence for evolution"...Have you ever thought about becoming a stand-up comedian? Your jokes are hilarious.
 
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xianghua

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Because the physiology of 2 organisms produced by convergent evolution is less similar to each other than if they shared recent ancestry. That is, they have structures with the same basic functions, but the physical shapes and positions of the anatomy will be distinct.
the fin of both dolphin and ichthyosaur looks basically the same. how you know in this case that this fin is the result of convergent evolution rather then a common descent? according to this criteria you cant know. so why you conclude convergent?
 
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xianghua

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There are plenty of far better scientific explanations for the evolution of the bacterial flagellum than "magic".

so you are saying that a spinning motor isnt evidence for design basically?


Yeah, our eye was pretty badly "designed", even including putting blood vessels in front of the retina, instead of behind it like the way the eyes of octopi are.

actually this trait improve vision:

Evolution gave flawed eye better vision

"IT LOOKS wrong, but the strange, “backwards” structure of the vertebrate retina actually improves vision."

Here’s Why Your Eyes Seem to Be Wired 'Backward' | Smart News | Smithsonian


"So there must be a good reason for the "backwards" structure, Ribak thought.And there is. It helps us see in color better"


so this suppose "flaw" isnt a flaw at all. as we can expect under the design model and not at all under the evolutionery one. it's also falsified the claim about the laryngeal nerve, since this claim base on the lack of knowledge and prove that no one can detect "bad design". we also know that this nerve may have several functions. we also need to consider that this structure may help during embryo developmant (internal organs need space to move and develop).



We've used this method to successfully predict where we'd find more fossils showing the transition from certain kinds of dinosaurs to modern birds.

so what model predict this wrong place fossil?:

Tetrapod trackways from the early Middle Devonian period of Poland : Abstract : Nature


So when we looked at the human genes and the genes of other apes, we discovered that human chromosome 2 is actually the fusion of two chromosomes, and includes the remnants of a vestigial second centromere and vestigial telomeres in the center of the chromosome, instead of at the ends, exactly as evolution predicted.

actually the creation model predicted it too. since we already know that both chimp and human shared about 98% of their genome, the only explanation for those missing chromosomes is a fusion event.

"Rabbits in the Precambrian." If you could show that complex life popped into existence repeatedly, with no related ancestors they could have evolved from, then that would be pretty good evidence against evolution, at least for those specific examples.

we actually do find complex creatures (not less then a rabbit) in those old layers:

http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/25223/title/Surprises-in-sea-anemone-genome/

"contradicting the widely held belief that organisms become more complex through evolution. The findings suggest that the ancestral animal genome was quite complex"

as you can see- evolution is still just fine. so evolution have no problem to explain any fossil. even your own source admit it:

" From the perspective of the philosophy of science, it is doubtful whether the genuine discovery of mammalian fossils in Precambrian rocks would overthrow the theory of evolution instantly"


That being said, "evolution" is simply a change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. That this happens is simply a fact. We see this every time bacteria evolve a new defense to a different antibiotic. You could no more disprove this than you could disprove that water is wet.

you are talking about speciation or variation. the bacteria is still a bacteria and did not evolve a new complex system.
 
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PsychoSarah

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the fin of both dolphin and ichthyosaur looks basically the same. how you know in this case that this fin is the result of convergent evolution rather then a common descent?
I have no idea what you are talking about, the bone structure of these organisms is very different.
Dolphin:
Dolphin-Skeletons-Pictures-1.jpg

Ichthyosaur:
small_ichthyosaur_3.jpg

And I even gave you the benefit of searching through a bunch of images to try to find the Ichthyosaur species that most resembled a dolphin. Now, I'm going to give you the benefit of the doubt, and assume you only meant the dorsal fin, since none of the other fins of dolphins and Ichthyosaurs structurally match up at all. Not sure why you think it would even make sense for 1 fin to be the result of shared ancestry and the rest to be the result of convergent evolution.


according to this criteria you cant know. so why you conclude convergent?
Traits related to the same function evolve together. Organisms don't just develop one fin at a time. Also, we know plenty enough about the evolution of dolphins to know that their dorsal fins are not a trait retained from some shared ancestor between them and marine reptiles. In case you haven't noticed, the examples of convergent evolution I provide have dissimilar anatomy for multiple traits, but not necessarily EVERY trait. After all, both of the moles I showed before do share ancestry at some point, its just farther in the past than their outward appearance would suggest.
 
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