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Electric suns, solar flares and coronal mass ejections.

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Ya, and the explanation right before it explained the same exact process in terms of kinetic energy and mass.
Photons have no classical kinetic energy, they do have energy!
so you are using the wrong term (but so do some others!). Most authors just use energy.

you are blissfully ignorant of the fact that electrical discharges occur in plasma.
I am still aware thet Electrical discharges are impossible in plasma!
I am still aware that you have not provided any evidence for actual electrical discharges in plasma after over a year!

Where are the descriptions of this in textbooks?
26th September 2011: Where is the discussion of 'electrical discharges in plasma' in any textbook?

Remember that Peratt is talking about lightning and other sources of plasma: 7th December 2010: Where are Peratt's many pages of the physics and mathematics of electrical discharges?



 
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Michael

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Photons have no classical kinetic energy, they do have energy!
so you are using the wrong term (but so do some others!). Most authors just use energy.

I'm thinking that these "most authors" you keep handwaving about are another one of your "we" claims. Who are these unnamed authors that claim photons have no kinetic energy RC? I just showed links to several authors that all used the term 'kinetic energy' in relationship to photons. Can you provide even one that claims that photons have no kinetic energy or zero kinetic energy? You don't seem capable of finding references outside of yourself that make such claims.


Right, now the retired IT guy knows more about plasma physics than the guy that works at Los Alamos and studied under Hannes Alfven, and wrote entire books on plasma physics. (Anthony Peratt). Dream on. If you hadn't just shot you whole scientific credibility in the foot over the photon kinetic energy issue, it wouldn't be so very very sad.

I am still aware that you have not provided any evidence for actual electrical discharges in plasma after over a year!

I'm well aware that you've been in denial of Dungey's work and use of the term electrical discharge in solar plasma for over a year now. I'm well aware that you're in pure denial of Peratt's definition in plasma to this day RC. It's no skin off my nose if you wish to remain in denial of any and all scientific facts, but don't expect anyone to believe anything you've said after that photon kinetic energy fiasco.


Physics of the Plasma Universe: Anthony L. Peratt: 9781461276661: Amazon.com: Books

1 .5 Electrίcal Discharges in Cosmic Plasma

An electrical discharge is a sudden release of electric or magnetic stored energy. This generally occurs when the electromagnetic stress exceeds some threshold for breakdown that is usually determined by small scale properties of the energy transmission medium. As such, discharges are local phenomena and are usually accompanied by violent prαesses such as rapid heating, ionization, the creation of pinched and filamentary conduction channels, particle acceleration, and the generation of prodigious amounts of electromagnetic radiation. As an example, multi-terawatt pulsed-power generators on earth rely on strong electrical discharges to produce intense particle beams, Χrays, and microωανes . Megajoules of energy are electrically stored in capacitor banks, whose volume may encompass 250 m^3 . This energy is then transferred to a discharge regίοn, located many meters from the source, vi α a transmission line.

Look familiar? I'm still waiting for you to provide one that claims it's impossible for electrical discharges to occur in plasmas! You pulled that claim right out of your back pocket!


I already provided it to you. I'm not required to make you read it or respond intelligently to it however. That's your call, not mine. Dungey provided maths you ignored, as did Bruce and even Birkeland.
 
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Can you provide even one that claims that photons have no kinetic energy or zero kinetic energy?
Photons have no classical kinetic energy, they do have energy!
Is Newton a good enough reference for you :D?
Classical kinetic energy = 1/2 mv^2 and thus photons have no (or zero) classical kinetic energy.

Right, now the retired IT guy knows more about plasma physics than the guy that works at Los Alamos and studied under Hannes Alfven, and wrote entire books on plasma physics. (Anthony Peratt)
Wrong: the working IT guy who spent 7 years at university learning physics can understand what Anthony Peratt wrote:
Electrical discharges are impossible in plasma!

I'm well aware that you've been in denial of Dungey's work and use of the term electrical discharge in solar plasma for over a year now.
Wrong, Michael.
I have actually read Dungey's papers and there is no mention of actual electrical discharges in solar plasma. He is one of the few (and maybe only!) authors who used the term "electrical discharge" for large current densities:
18th October 2011: Dungey's 'electric discharge' = high current density in magnetic reconnection
13th January 2011: Dungey's and Peratt's definition of discharge are different!
8th November 2011: Citing Dungey means that cause of solar flares is magnetic reconnection!

I'm well aware that you're in pure denial of Peratt's definition in plasma to this day RC.
I am well aware that you still have not got past the first sentence in Peratt's description of electrical discharges like lightning. The problem with only looking at that sentence is that it makes mundane things into an "Electrίcal Discharge in Cosmic Plasma". Turn on any switch and we have a sudden release of electric or magnetic stored energy - Electrίcal Discharge in Cosmic Plasma :clap:!

Looks like exactly what you have been ignoring:
1 .5 Electrίcal Discharges in Cosmic Plasma
An electrical discharge is a sudden release of electric or magnetic stored energy. This generally occurs when the electromagnetic stress exceeds some threshold for breakdown that is usually determined by small scale properties of the energy transmission medium
11th January 2011: Do you know the difference between a title and a definition?
So it looks like you still think that the title of the section is a definition!

The section contents makes it clear that he is talking about the generation of plasma:
5th February 2011: Why does Peratt's page talk about aurora and lightning?
Aurora are not plasma - the generat plasma.
Lightning is not plasma - it generates plasma.

I'm still waiting for you to provide one that claims it's impossible for electrical discharges to occur in plasmas!
That is easy: 11th October 2011: Peratt's definition of electrical discharge

I already provided it to you. I'm not required to make you read it or respond intelligently to it however. That's your call, not mine. Dungey provided maths you ignored, as did Bruce and even Birkeland.
No you have not provided any citations to Peratt's many (or even a few!) pages of the physics and mathematics of electrical discharges.
7th December 2010: Where are Peratt's many pages of the physics and mathematics of electrical discharges?
Dungey (who was not Peratt) provides mathematics about magnetic reconnection.
Bruce (who was not Peratt) was a crank who thought that everything was lightning!
Birkeland (who was not Peratt) never published anything about electrical discharges in plasma (in 1913 no one even thought of plasma as a new state of matter!). His experiments were about electrical discharges. It is probable that these created "radiant matter" but he ignored this.

Look at the question again. You seem to have Peratt's book. Cite the chapter(s) on the physics and mathematics of electrical discharges in plasma.
 
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RC cites himself *again* and fails to produce any external reference that claims that photons have no kinetic energy.
What I actually wrote was: Photons have no classical kinetic energy, they do have energy! - classical kinetic energy, Michael.
I am citing Newton and the scientists that followed him: photons have no classical kinetic energy because their mass is zero (1/2mv^2).

I am citing high school science textbooks.
I an citing undergraduate physics textbooks.

I am even citing Wikipedia (look up classical kinetic energy) :D !
I could even cite Google (look up classical kinetic energy) :D !
 
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Michael

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Not in a GR/QM world, no. How far left behind in the past are you anyway? Do you still own a horse and buggy or what? :)

Classical kinetic energy = 1/2 mv^2 and thus photons have no (or zero) classical kinetic energy.
Your original post never included a peep about "classical" and you've got that part wrong too. Even the newbie got it right! Rest mass isn't the "be-all-end-all" in any photon theory.

Wrong: the working IT guy who spent 7 years at university learning physics can understand what Anthony Peratt wrote:
Apparently not. You're in staunch denial of what he actually wrote. By definition electrical discharges *do* occur in plasmas! You're on a never ending denial-go-round.

Wrong, Michael.
I have actually read Dungey's papers and there is no mention of actual electrical discharges in solar plasma.
How can I politely say this? You didn't read it particularly well then:

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He is one of the few (and maybe only!) authors who used the term "electrical discharge" for large current densities:
Who on Earth doubt that electrical discharges involve large current densities? Duh! The point is that you have no idea what you're talking about IT guy. Leave solar physics to competent solar physicists like Dungey, not to an IT guy that doesn't know squat about photons, kinetic energy and anything beyond some kludged understanding of "classic" physics apparently.

The one and only one obvious pattern I'm seeing is that you keep citing *yourself* in every dispute, whereas I've been citing *external* (to myself) references. Why is that RC? Are you incapable of presenting an argument that is not based upon your own personal claims?

Yep, same pattern. You keep citing yourself being in pure denial of both Dungey's words (he explicitly used the term electrical discharge), and Peratt's very definition of an electrical discharge in plasma. Have you actually read Peratt's book or Alfven's book Cosmic Plasma RC?

I am well aware that you still have not got past the first sentence in Peratt's description of electrical discharges like lightning.
Lightning was *one* example he cited. Get past it.

The problem with only looking at that sentence is that it makes mundane things into an "Electrίcal Discharge in Cosmic Plasma". Turn on any switch and we have a sudden release of electric or magnetic stored energy - Electrίcal Discharge in Cosmic Plasma :clap:!
Ya, if you had a big enough switch to release gamma rays and x-rays, and tons of material from the solar atmosphere, you go for it.

I'm frankly bored of you advertizing yourself and JREF on this forum. Do you *any* external references to cite, yes or no?

Look at the question again. You seem to have Peratt's book. Cite the chapter(s) on the physics and mathematics of electrical discharges in plasma.
The book is full of all sorts of descriptions of releases of EM energy RC. Go read it for yourself as I have done, or quit pretending to be any sort of "expert" on this topic. You don't know anything about physics, not photons, not plasma, nothing relevant at all to this topic. That's why you keep remaining in staunch denial of what Dungey and Peratt actually wrote. That's also why you are incapable of citing a resource outside of yourself to support your claims about photons have no kinetic energy and electrical discharges being impossible in plasmas. You're just making it up as you go apparently, and no reference outside of yourself is heard, or matters to you as the photon kinetic energy issue and the electrical discharge in solar flares issue demonstrates. The solar physicist uses the term 'electrical discharge', but you claim it's "impossible". One of you isn't telling the truth, you or Dungey. Who is the crackpot RC?

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786440708521050
LXXVI. Conditions for the occurrence of electrical discharges in astrophysical systems

Such discharges may account for aurorae, and may also occur in solar flares and the interstellar gas.
 
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Not in a GR/QM world, no.
Thta is right: Not in a QM world as I state in: Photons have no classical kinetic energy, they do have energy!

Your original post never included a peep about "classical"
I never said that it did: Photons have no classical kinetic energy, they do have energy!

By definition electrical discharges *do* occur in plasmas!
Wrong: That is only true if you thing a title is a defintion, quote mine the actual definition and ignore what he actually wrote:

Electrical discharges are impossible in plasma!
How can I politely say this? You didn't read it particularly well then:
...snipped usual insults from Michael...
Wrong, Michael.
I have actually read Dungey's papers and there is no mention of actual (e.g. as defined by Peratt) electrical discharges in solar plasma.
There is:
18th October 2011: Dungey's 'electric discharge' = high current density in magnetic reconnection
13th January 2011: Dungey's and Peratt's definition of discharge are different!
8th November 2011: Citing Dungey means that cause of solar flares is magnetic reconnection!

The one and only one obvious pattern I'm seeing is that you keep citing *yourself*
Wrong: I keep linking to the posts that I have made over the years that I have known you. These contain citations to and quotes from the actual scientific papers (e.g. Dungey) and textbooks (e.g. Peratt).
If you expect me to waste my time by writing exactly the same debunking of your arguments again then you are wrong. I will Link to the original debunking of your arguments.

Lightning was *one* example he cited.
Lightning was *one* of several examples he cited of a breakdown of a dielectric medium causing an electrical discharge and generating plasma.

But this raises a new question:
Michael:
Where are Peratt's examples of actual electrical discharges in plasma in the "1 .5 Electrίcal Discharges in Cosmic Plasma" section?
First asked 1 November 2012.
This is really an extension of 7th December 2010: Where are Peratt's many pages of the physics and mathematics of electrical discharges?
to
7th December 2010: Where are Peratt's many pages of the physics and mathematics of electrical discharges and examples?

Ya, if you had a big enough switch to release gamma rays and x-rays, and tons of material from the solar atmosphere, you go for it.
It is really simple: Quote mining Peratt's definition to be the first sentence ("An electrical discharge is a sudden release of electric or magnetic stored energy.") means that turning on a switch is an electrical discharge.

The book is full of all sorts of descriptions of releases of EM energy RC.
That is what plasmas tend to do, Michael, e.g. magnetic pinches, magnetic reconnection, etc.
But that is not an answer to:
7th December 2010: Where are Peratt's many pages of the physics and mathematics of electrical discharges?

And Peratt is not the only scientist who has ever existed so:
26th September 2011: Where is the discussion of 'electrical discharges in plasma' in any textbook?

And we are back to Dungey - see above!
 
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RC is apparently incapable of citing a reference outside of himself that makes any of the claims he makes.
Sorry, I thought that you knew what classical kinetic energy is, Michael, and so there was no need to cite a reference to it :D!
Here you go: Newtonian (classical) kinetic energy
4140f53f66a68e92afec2389ba289e25.png

ETA
One more time: I link to existing posts containing the approprioate external references so that I do not have to repeat arguments.
For example: You claim that the SUn has a solid iron layer. It is easy to show that this is physically impossible. But if I listed all of the physics that makes this is physically impossible than it would be a multi-page post. Luckily it has already been done :clap: ! So all I need is:
And searching for that gives some possibly unanswered questions for you Michael:
Michael : What do you think the defintion of the photosphere is?
17th October 2012 (14 days and counting)
(the actual definition means that it is impossible so see any light from below it as you claim)

What is the photosphere temperature and melting point of Fe?
17th October 2012 (14 days and counting)

How can we detect the less than 1 photon per year from your iron crust?
17th October 2012 (14 days and counting)
 
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Your first statements didn't say a word about "classical" anything RC. You've been backpeddling for weeks on that issue now, and even that is nothing but a red herring. I've shown you three external resources that all claimed photons have kinetic energy. You've never cited one that claimed otherwise. Why is that?

They have *kinetic* energy according to Kong! You're in pure denial of every external resource on this topic!
http://www.greatians.com/physics/wave/energy%20of%20photon.htm#WD.1.0
Whom shall I believe, you or Kong? Answer that question rationally.

Wrong: That is only true if you thing a title is a defintion, quote mine the actual definition and ignore what he actually wrote:
You wrote nonsense at JREF and you've written more nonsense here! You're entirely incapable of accepting reality, or even *reading* the material in question! Have you read Peratt's book, yes or no? How the hell would you know anything about it contents? Quit advertizing JREF here on Christianforums. If you can't handle a real debate here, don't expect me to be impressed with you citing links to false claims that you made at JREF.

Wrong, Michael.
I have actually read Dungey's papers and there is no mention of actual (e.g. as defined by Peratt) electrical discharges in solar plasma.
Pure unadulterated DENIAL! Dungey explicitly used the term "electrical discharge" in association with solar flare and reconnection events. You're claiming it's *impossible* whereas Dungey claimed exactly the opposite. Dungey knows solar physics. You're a clueless IT guy.

Wrong: I keep linking to the posts that I have made over the years that I have known you.
You are only capable of citing *YOURSELF* apparently! What you are incapable of doing is citing an external reference that claims electrical discharges are impossible in plasma or that photons contain no kinetic energy. You'll just keep citing yourself over and over now and you'll never cite an external reference for either claim.

http://www.christianforums.com/t7620486-19/#post61667245

I provided you with three external references from myself that all claimed photons have kinetic energy, and you've provided none that claim otherwise. Why is that RC? Running from reality by chance?

These contain citations to and quotes from the actual scientific papers (e.g. Dungey) and textbooks (e.g. Peratt).
If you expect me to waste my time by writing exactly the same debunking of your arguments again then you are wrong. I will Link to the original debunking of your arguments.
Denial is not "debunking". You apparently "debunk" empirical physics the way a YEC "debunks" evolutionary theory by going into pure denial of scientific facts. Have you read Peratt's book, yes or no? Quit dodging the question.

Lightning was *one* of several examples he cited of a breakdown of a dielectric medium causing an electrical discharge and generating plasma.
The definition Peratt provides is about the *release of stored energy*. The breakdown of a dielectric is irrelevant! You've taken *one* example and ignored the rest of the *definition* to suit yourself. You did the same thing with Dungey's work. You did exactly the same thing with Bruce's work and Birkeland's original work as well!

You wouldn't have to ask that question if you'd done your homework. The whole book is filled with examples of the release of stored EM energy in various ways. You don't have a clue however, because you're a couch potato critic that never actually reads any appropriate materials.

It is really simple: Quote mining Peratt's definition to be the first sentence ("An electrical discharge is a sudden release of electric or magnetic stored energy.") means that turning on a switch is an electrical discharge.
You're the one doing all the quote mining because you've never read his book! How irrational can you possibly be anyway? You're like the atheist who refuses to read any passage from the Bible but fancies himself as the worlds greatest "debunker" of "Christianity". "Jesus? Who's that?" Oy Vey!

And we are back to Dungey - see above!
You're personally right back to denying everything Dungey said when he associated solar flares with electrical discharges. Whereas Dungey claimed it *was* possible for electrical discharges to occur in the solar atmosphere, you keep claiming exactly the opposite! You're clueless on this entire topic by willful ignorance, and in you're in pure denial of scientific and historical fact.
 
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Sorry, I thought that you knew what classical kinetic energy is, Michael, and so there was no need to cite a reference to it :D!
Here you go: Newtonian (classical) kinetic energy

Oh, for pete sake, at least join the 21st century and embrace GR and QM! Again, nothing on your reference claimed that photons have no kinetic energy, and in fact the term "photon" doesn't even appear on the entire page! Give me a break. You're grasping at any straws now to try to cover up your error instead of just admitting a mistake. You're impossible to deal with because you refuse to accept reality as it exists, you simply make it up as you go and then you keep citing yourself, or citing unrelated links that don't actually support your claims!

One more time: I link to existing posts containing the approprioate external references so that I do not have to repeat arguments.
Your argument were bogus then and they are bogus now because you keep trying to judge a Birkeland solar model based on *mainstream assumptions* about the photosphere! You're not willing to judge the theory based upon it's *own* merits and it's *own* set of assumptions.

For example: You claim that the SUn has a solid iron layer. It is easy to show that this is physically impossible. But if I listed all of the physics that makes this is physically impossible than it would be a multi-page post.
No it would require that you *assume* that the photosphere is "opaque" which it's not.

Apparently all you intend to do here is cite your own posts and your own claims from JREF, while ignoring that whole SDO heliosiesmology fiasco from this year related to slow convection speeds. Is that about it?

Care to address any *new* data that's come out since my virtual lynching at JREF? You can keep running from the data that came out in 2012 if you like, but it won't just go away. When did you intend to address the fact that mainstream theories related to convection speeds were falsified in 2012? 2022?
 
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Your first statements didn't say a word about "classical" anything RC
...the usual rant about photons with the usual response...
...usual rant about JREF links...
Photons have no classical kinetic energy, they do have energy!

How the hell would you know anything about it contents?
What I know about the contents of Peratt's book is section 1.5 because you quoted section 1.5!
Why should I read a book that you have not? If you have read it then you would answered :
years ago!
So far the implication is that there are no examples, mathematics or physics of actual electrical discharges in plasma in Peratt's book.

And from Electrical discharges are impossible in plasma!
26th September 2011: Where is the discussion of 'electrical discharges in plasma' in any textbook?
And
28th October 2011: Michael: Google Books list for electrical discharges within plasma?
28th October 2011: Michael : Google Scholar articles on electrical discharges within plasma?
So far the implication is that there are no examples, mathematics or physics of actual electrical discharges in plasma in any scientific paper or any textbook.

It looks like you do not really get the point about
Dungey never associated solar flares with electrical discharges. He discussed the theory that solar flares are caused by magnetic reconnection. Magnetic reconnection turns small current densities into larger current densities. Dungey seems to be the only author (or maybe one of a few authors) to apply the term "electrical discharge" to these large current densities.


So Dungey has magnetic reconnection as a cause of 2 separate effects:
  • A release of energy from the magnetic field that heats plasma, i.e. the flare.
  • An increase in current density.
 
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Oh, for pete sake, at least join the 21st century and embrace GR and QM!
Oh, for pete sake, at least read my post and see the SR in it!
Photons have no classical kinetic energy, they do have energy!
GR and QM have nothing to do with the issue of photon energy.

Apparently all you intend to do here is cite your own posts and your own claims from JREF, while ignoring that whole SDO heliosiesmology fiasco from this year related to slow convection speeds.
Actually I was about to get to that because it is you putting yet another nail in this "electric sun" idea of yours :D !

Let us start with reminding you that the Iron Sun Surface idea is Thermodynamically Impossible! and in case you go on about old JREF posts again
  • The temperature of the Sun has not changed since the iron surface idea was debunked on JREF!
  • The second law of thermodynamics has not changed since the iron surface idea was debunked on JREF!
Now let us look at how convection destroys the ireon surface idea.
This is what Michael has been citing (the press release from some of the authors insttitute rather then a blog entry or news article):
Unexpectedly slow motions below the Sun’s surface
The interior motions of the Sun are much slower than predicted. Rather than moving at the speed of a jet plane (as previously understood) the plasma flows at a walking pace.
...
In its outermost third, the Sun behaves like a simmering pot of water: heat from below causes the plasma to rise to the surface where it is cooled and descends back down into the interior. This mechanism, named convection, transports energy outward and controls the Sun’s structure and evolution
This convection is flowing at a walking pace straight through the iron surface and destroying it!
IOW: If this iron surface existed then it would stop the convection and the SDO data would show that! There would be no signs of the convection at the top of the photosphere and it would be impossible for helioseismology to reconstruct the convection.

But there is more!
Look at the photosphere and you see the tops of convection cells called granules
A typical granule has a diameter on the order of 1,000 kilometers and lasts 8 to 20 minutes before dissipating. At any one time, the Sun's surface is covered by about 4 million granules. Below the photosphere is a layer of "supergranules" up to 30,000 kilometers in diameter with lifespans of up to 24 hours.

And even more: The analysis within helioseismology should detect that iron surface. It does not. There is nothing affecting waves traveling through the Sun except plasma.
 
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Iron Sun Surface idea is Thermodynamically Impossible!
Iron Sun Surface idea is destroyed by convection!
What does science tell us about the actual variation of temperature in the photosphere?
For this we need to go to the textbooks and luckily Tim Thompson did this on the JREF forum: 26th September 2010: Iron Sun Surface Thermodynamically Impossible IX
We can see about 100 km below that layer and combine our observations with our knowledge of the laws of physics, and determine a temperature of 9400 kelvins (e.g., Solar Astrophysics, Foukal, page 153; adopted from the photosphere reference model in Maltby, et al., 1986). This is where the high resolution models stop, but a linear extrapolation down to -400 km shows an expected temperature ~18,400 Kelvins. I simply note that all of these temperatures are significantly higher than the boiling point for iron, 3134 Kelvins. Now, the boiling point in-situ in the sun might be higher due to higher pressure, but it's not going to be that much higher (no doubt this can be quantified by someone with more expertise and greater industry than myself).
or
23rd April 2010 Photospheric Opacity
Foukal's semi empirical model runs from 3.18x10-7 at the base (9400 Kelvins) to 2.183x10-11 at the top (6150 Kelvins) and 2.249x10-7 at the 5790 Kelvin level, in gm/cm3 (Solar Astrophysics, Peter Foukal, 2nd revised edition 2004; table 5-2 page 153). Electron density ranges from about 1015 at the base to 1011 at the top, in e-/cm3.

Limb darkening needs increasing temperature with depth:
Limb darkening refers to the diminishing of intensity in the image of a star as one moves from the center of the image to the edge or "limb" of the image. Limb darkening occurs as the result of two effects:
  • The density of the star diminishes as the distance from the center increases
  • The temperature of the star diminishes as the distance from the center increases.
Solar temperatures increase with depth thus no iron surface
 
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You're becoming ridiculously predictable in terms of only citing yourself as a reference, ignoring the external references that refute your claims, and basically making up reality to suit yourself. Photons *always* have kinetic energy!

What I know about the contents of Peratt's book is....
....is apparently based on pure osmosis since you've never read it.

I've answered your questions a hundred times already. The formulas that describe the "sudden release" of EM field energy are *in the book*. You'd know that already if you'd done your homework, but you refuse to do so. Since you won't actually read or respond to his materials, you're basically in pure denial of his *definition* of the *possibility* electrical discharges in plasmas. You're essentially claiming discharges in plasma are *impossible* when in fact they *are* possible *by definition* in Peratt's book, and Dungey used the term as well as Bruce and Birkeland!


So far the implication is that there are no examples, mathematics or physics of actual electrical discharges in plasma in any scientific paper or any textbook.
False. I quoted a textbook for you and the *definition* of any electrical discharge in plasma. Apparently the IT tech guy doesn't read plasma physics textbooks, but apparently knows more about plasma physics than published authors of plasma physics textbooks.

It looks like you do not really get the point aboutDungey never associated solar flares with electrical discharges.
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That is a blatant lie RC! Proud of yourself? You might as well be claiming that Jesus never talked about God. You're full of horse-pucky. James Dungey certainly associated electrical discharges with solar flares. He even used the term "electrical discharge" by name. Your denial of history is simply pathetic.

Dungey seems to be the only author (or maybe one of a few authors) to apply the term "electrical discharge" to these large current densities.
Successful Predictions of the Electrical Discharge Theory of Cosmic Atmospheric Phenomena and Universal Evolution

Again, this is *another blatant and easily disproven lie*. Birkeland used that term to describe solar atmospheric events as did Bruce.

So Dungey has magnetic reconnection as a cause of 2 separate effects:
  • A release of energy from the magnetic field that heats plasma, i.e. the flare.
  • An increase in current density.
No. Your second point 'should read' "An electrical discharge". He wasn't afraid of calling an electrical discharge an electrical discharge. As Peratt explains, *any fast release of stored EM energy" is called an 'electrical discharge'. Both the plasma physicist/electrical engineer, and the solar physicist use the term "electrical discharge" in plasma. So did Bruce. So did Kristian Birkeland. You're the odd man out RC, and you're nothing but an IT guy that thinks photons have zero kinetic energy!
 
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Michael

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Let us start with reminding you that the Iron Sun Surface idea is Thermodynamically Impossible! and in case you go on about old JREF posts again

Considering the fact that you're claiming it's impossible for photons to have kinetic energy, and it's impossible for electrical discharges to occur in plasmas, I'd just call that "strike three".

It's borderline bigoted of you to attempt to judge a Birkeland solar model based upon a standard solar theory that has in fact already been *falsified* by SDO heliosiesmology data in 2012.

The photosphere is not "opaque" in a Birkeland solar model. When did you intend to accept that fact? The fact it's 'opaque' in your useless belief system is irrelevant. Mainstream theory was already falsified the moment they found convection occurred at about 1 percent of predicted value. Wake up and smell the coffee. You can't keep Iron and Nickel mixed up with hydrogen an helium in crushing gravity without convection. Your theory is toast.

Since the photosphere is *not* opaque, it's *entirely* "possible" for cooler plasma layers to exist under the photosphere, just as it's possible for cooler plasma layers to exist under the chromosphere, and under the corona.

Stop advertizing JREF. It's filled with nothing but EU haters that having nothing useful to help you with here. Advertize much? Your posts are pure spam at this point, because apparently you need to site yourself in every post.

JREF never "debunked" anything. They remain in denial of basic physics, including the fact that "reconnection" requires plasma! That place is the bastion of ignorance when it comes to plasma physics. "Discharges? What discharges? Photon kinetic energy? What photon kinetic energy? Reconnect in plasma? What plasma?" Sheesh!

Now let us look at how convection destroys the ireon surface idea.
This is what Michael has been citing (the press release from some of the authors insttitute rather then a blog entry or news article):
Unexpectedly slow motions below the Sun’s surface

This convection is flowing at a walking pace straight through the iron surface and destroying it!
False. There are currents and magma upwelling in those areas of a Birkeland solar model. The mass of electrons from the core to the surface alone requires *some* amount of convection!

IOW: If this iron surface existed then it would stop the convection and the SDO data would show that!
It does. That's why convection is only 1 percent of your predicted value and not 100 percent!

There would be no signs of the convection at the top of the photosphere
False. In a Birkeland solar model, most of the electrical discharges take place *under* the surface of the photosphere, releasing heat and energy into the solar atmosphere that has to convect to the surface with the flow of electrons moving toward the heliosphere. There must be *some* convection in a Birkeland model.

and it would be impossible for helioseismology to reconstruct the convection.
False again. I won't bother with the other nonsense.

And even more: The analysis within helioseismology should detect that iron surface. It does not. There is nothing affecting waves traveling through the Sun except plasma.
Again, this statement is demonstrably false. It was *heliosiesmology data* that I used to locate the ''subsurface stratification" (AKA 'surface') layer. The SDO images show that Kosovichev's subsurface stratification layer indeed located under the photosphere and it is the point of origin for all coronal loop activity right at that 4800KM figure that I got from Kosovichev's heliosiesmology data.

[astro-ph/0510111] Changes in the subsurface stratification of the Sun with the 11-year activity cycle
A Blog About Solar Theory-The Solar Coronal, The Chromosphere And The Photosphere.
http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast07nov_1/
 
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Michael

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Iron Sun Surface idea is Thermodynamically Impossible!
Iron Sun Surface idea is destroyed by convection!
What does science tell us about the actual variation of temperature in the photosphere?
For this we need to go to the textbooks and luckily Tim Thompson did this on the JREF forum: 26th September 2010: Iron Sun Surface Thermodynamically Impossible IX

I did find it hysterically funny that Tim had to begrudgingly admit that a solid surface would last for years! :)

So aside from the temperature, I have also examined the energy density and shown that an iron surface simply cannot continue to exist more that a few years after it appears (however that happens).
As usual Tim (and pretty much all haters) refuse to judge a Birkeland model based upon it's *own* assumptions. As long you and Tim and the rest of the haters refuse to give up your undying faith in mainstream solar model claims (like opacity), it's not possible to have logical conversation with you.

MM: The world is round and rotating around the sun like all the other planets

RC: Everyone knows that's crackpot idea! Stop lying! The Earth is flat and it's the very center of the entire universe. Everyone but a lying crank knows that! Burn the witch!

Solar temperatures increase with depth thus no iron surface
They don't increase with depth. That is the "assumption' made in mainstream theory based on convection numbers that were already falsified.

Apparently astronomy is intent on attempting to roll back and utterly ignore the technological revelations of the past 10 years and do nothing about it.
 
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