And Darwin never really became an atheist either.... Darwin rejected God not because evolution made God unnecessary, but made God and His presence in nature altogether too profound for him to struggle with, especially in the weakness of his simultaneous struggle to come to terms with the death of his daughter.
As you noted, Darwin never totally rejected God. And certainly not because of evolution.
Darwin suffered thru 2 crises of faith: the death of his daughter, which caused him to ask: how could God let such a bad thing happen to such a good person? Lots of people have struggled with this.
The second was the doctrine of the Anglican Church of the time, which held that anyone not professing Christianity was doomed to Hell. Darwin could not see how a benevolent God could condemn such good people as his father and grandfather automatically to Hell. In the event, it was the Anglican Church that changed and decided that this doctrine was wrong.
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