New Posts

rjs330 · 2025-12-17T02:08:51-0600

BCP1928 said:
Of course, In your case you could leave the church, or you could stay and work toward electing new Deacons.

Or I could stay and not give anymore money. See, its a choice. One we don't have with the government.

And with the governemnt no matter how often we vote for new representatives. Nothing changes. Thats the difference between rhat and a local church. Volunteer giving. And the ability to actually make a change. With an all encompassing federal government we have neither the ability to voluntarily give nor make any significant alterations. Since we did vote for someone to do that and he got sued six ways to Sunday to stop going after the fraud waste and abuse.

Its something the progressives love to do. Totally waste money so they can feel better.

Factotum · 2025-12-17T02:04:54-0600

Factotum said:
...

Key Michigan Laws & Concepts:
MCL 333.20967 (Emergency Patient Management): Gives licensed health professionals authority to manage patients at an emergency scene, similar to EMS, allowing for health-led intervention.
MCL 330.1712 & 330.1748 (Mental Health Code): Focus on person-centered care, confidentiality, and rights, underpinning how services are delivered, including crisis support.

Emerging Models & Programs:
Mobile Crisis Teams (MCTs): Community-based mental health professionals respond to crises, often without police initially, though police can be called if needed.
Co-Responder Teams (CRTs): Pair law enforcement with clinicians to respond together, blending law enforcement presence with mental health expertise.
988 & MiCAL: Michigan's 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (MiCAL) routes calls to trained crisis counselors, providing immediate support and diverting some calls from 911 dispatch...

I plaster a few laws to master, via @Hans Blaster, when faster word trickery be slickery like that oil called caster.

samaus123456789 · 2025-12-17T01:56:59-0600

Carl Emerson said:
Hi there,

Revelation 12:11
And they have conquered him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony, for they loved not their lives even unto death.

I am interested in comments on what is meant by "the word of their testimony"

Also - who exactly is being referred to - who is 'they' ???

It means continuing to say they believe in Jesus under the threat of death until they are killed because of it like what happened with Stephen, Antipas, Christians in the 60s AD under Nero. Rev 1-12 happened 70 ad and rev 13-22 is future. It would include OT people that continued to preach what God told them even when evil Israelites killed them like Zechariah son of Berechiah mentioned in the NT which was either the author of the book of Zecheriah or John the Baptists father Zecheriah that was killed in Proto James in the temple by Herod.

peter2 · 2025-12-17T01:52:20-0600

concretecamper said:
Mary knew exactly what she was signing up for when she said "YES".

Hello
What makes you speak so affirmatively, please ?

DreamyLaLa · 2025-12-17T01:49:31-0600

Tom D said:
It seems to be quite true, but not entirely. There are still a lot, a lot of people who appreciate beauty, goodness and truth.
But I think there are not many of them in this forum (CF). And quite a lot of members here are selfish and cold.

Yeah, I just wish I knew where to find people who share these values with me. I appreciate your thoughts, though.

keras · 2025-12-17T01:43:47-0600

truthuprootsevil said:
Doesn't return like a thief in the night simply means his "unexpected return," even when the whole world see him and his angels coming from the clouds, people won't be expecting him. Well that's what I hear the majority of preachers say. You may hear differently.

The glorious Return of Jesus will not be a surprise to anyone with a Bible, as it will come exactly 1260 days after the 'beast' desecrates the Temple.

It will be the soon to happen, sudden and shocking Day the Lord sends His fiery wrath, that comes 'like a thief'. Some years before Jesus Returns, as set out in Revelation.

The Liturgist said:
And you support for this other than your own interpretation / private experiences is … ?

The support for Gods people going to live in all of the Holy Land is;
1/ That area is special to God; Deuteronomy 11:11-12
2/ It was Promised to Abrahams descendants, who are now every faithful believer in God and Jesus. Galatians 3:26-29
3/ We Christians are the Holy peoples of God and Daniel 7:25 & Revelation 13:7 say we are present in Jerusalem during the period of Satanic world control.

Unqualified · 2025-12-17T01:42:07-0600

That’s right, you got it it. They are Gods people and this makes them acceptable. They are so often brilliant and you should know. Those in the church that say otherwise should watch there step and not judge because many disagree so err on the side of caution be cause you are surely wrong. God is not done with Israel.

Unqualified · 2025-12-17T01:36:03-0600

I pray for you to be strong and prep. It’s uncomfortable bt many have already handled it before you and ask for a sedative. I pray you will take it moment by moment and be glad. Put yourself in Gods hands and He will see you through. And laugh. Take joy in this and laugh. A little stressful, please lord overcome in Jesus Name.

Servus · 2025-12-17T01:35:51-0600

GoldenBoy89 said:
We should be doing both. Finding ways to get people to avoid going down that path altogether as well as helping the ones who already have.

I agree with this approach. I've never said you shouldn't stop the flow of drugs into the country. It's just too bad they're not really interested in the second part of your approach to the issue. Their lack of action on drug rehab kinda undercuts the point being made that they're interested in saving lives here.

How much should the government be spending on it? How many government funded rehab centers are needed?

GoldenBoy89 said:
No, just Venezuelans for now.

But that's just a stepping stone to achieving the massive conspiracy to genocide everyone Trump doesn't like, right?

Kathleen30 · 2025-12-17T01:30:49-0600

prodromos said:
You argued that Islam accepted the geocentric model. Islam is false religion, so how does that help your argument?

Well it’s a fact of history. Doesn't change the reality that Islam is still a false religion only that they embraced Ptolemys system as well I was merely showing how vastness of the geocentric system and that it wasn’t just embraced by Christianity

Unqualified · 2025-12-17T01:27:30-0600

Don’t worry about showing emotions. Don’t be fearful. Isa 41:10, Isa 26:3-10. My panic comes for no reason. I get over loaded easily, but I face it and don’t let it have its way. So I fight it, because it’s not Gods way of love , peace, contentment, joy. It shortens its stay. I take it captive 2Cor 10:3-5. The Bible is the best way to fight it because you know your right, ya know. Jesus Loves You. Correct yourself to the truth.

i forgive you do not be afraid the Lord has your back.

samaus123456789 · 2025-12-17T01:24:12-0600

Certainly! Let's dive deeper into each step of tracing the history of a manuscript, from identification and analysis to the final stages of reception and the modern tools used in manuscript studies.

1. Identification and Classification of a Manuscript

Paleography (The study of ancient handwriting)

What is it? Paleography is the study of ancient scripts and handwriting styles. By examining the writing itself, scholars can make educated guesses about when and where the manuscript was produced.
How it's done:
- Scholars examine the style of writing (e.g., uncial, minuscule, cursive).
- Different periods in history had distinct handwriting styles, so a certain script (e.g., Codex Sinaiticus uses a particular style) can help date a manuscript to a specific time.
- Regional characteristics of scripts also give insight into where the manuscript might have been produced (e.g., Greek minuscule script used widely in the Byzantine era).
Example: The Codex Sinaiticus (4th century) is written in uncial script, which was common in the early centuries of Christianity.

Codicology (The study of manuscripts as physical objects)

What is it? Codicology examines the physical characteristics of a manuscript: the materials used, its format, the binding, the number of pages, and other physical aspects.
How it's done:
- Materials: Scholars check whether the manuscript is made of papyrus, parchment, or paper, which can help date the manuscript. For instance, papyrus was used primarily in Egypt before the 4th century, while parchment became more common in the medieval period.
- Layout: Codicologists look at how the text is arranged: is it a scroll (older form), or a codex (a bound book, which became the preferred format in the 4th century)?
- Condition and Repair: How well-preserved is the manuscript? Signs of wear and tear or repairs can indicate the manuscript’s age and its continued use over time.
- Signatures and Quiring: Examining how pages were folded or grouped together (called "quires") can tell scholars how the manuscript was copied and assembled.

Textual Elements (Analysis of the content)

What is it? This refers to looking at the specific content of the manuscript—its language, style, content variations, and any unique features.
How it's done:
- Textual variants: Manuscripts can contain unique readings or marginal annotations that may differ from other versions of the same text. These variations can provide important clues about the evolution of the text.
- Language: The language of the manuscript, whether it's written in Greek, Latin, Syriac, or another ancient language, can help narrow down the geographical origin and the time period of the manuscript.
- Commentary or Inscriptions: Some manuscripts contain annotations by later readers or scribes that provide additional insights into how the manuscript was used and transmitted.

2. Establishing the Manuscript’s Source (Provenance)

Provenance Research

What is it? Provenance refers to tracing the history and ownership of a manuscript. Knowing where and how a manuscript was discovered or moved through history can give important clues about its origin.
How it's done:
- Ownership Marks: Many manuscripts have ownership inscriptions or ex-libris (ownership stamps) that identify who owned the manuscript at various points in time.
- Libraries and Archives: If the manuscript is part of a major library or collection, scholars can trace its cataloging history and discovery timeline.
- Sale Records: If the manuscript was sold at auction or passed through a dealer, scholars can investigate those records to determine when it left one location and moved to another.
- Cultural Context: Provenance also includes understanding the cultural or historical context in which the manuscript was created or used, including the political, religious, and economic circumstances of the period.

Watermarks (for Paper Manuscripts)

What are they? Watermarks are distinctive marks left in paper that were created when the paper was manufactured. Watermarks can indicate the place and time of production.
How it's done:
- Scholars use tools to illuminate or magnify watermarks to identify the mill and date when the paper was made.
- Example: Paper used in manuscripts after the 13th century often contains identifiable watermarks that help scholars date manuscripts.

3. Textual Transmission and Variants

Textual Criticism

What is it? Textual criticism is the process of comparing different manuscripts to identify differences in wording, errors, and intentional changes. This allows scholars to reconstruct the most likely original text.
How it's done:
- Comparing Manuscripts: Scholars compare various manuscripts of the same text to identify variants—passages that differ slightly (e.g., word choice, sentence structure).
- Genealogical Method: By grouping manuscripts that share the same textual variations, scholars can create families of manuscripts (e.g., Byzantine, Alexandrian, Western text types for New Testament manuscripts).
- Stemmatics: This involves constructing a stemma (family tree) of manuscripts, tracing how a text has been copied and evolved through different generations of scribes.

Citations and Quotations

What is it? Early references to a manuscript or text by other authors, such as Church Fathers or theologians, can provide evidence of the manuscript's circulation and influence.
How it's done:
- Scholars examine early citations of the manuscript or portions of its text in biblical commentaries, sermons, or theological writings.
- Quotation Marks and Paraphrases: The way the text is quoted or paraphrased can give insights into the exact wording of the manuscript at a certain time.

Colophons and Annotations

What are they? Colophons are notes written by the scribe at the end of a manuscript that provide information about the copying process. Annotations could be notes by later readers or scribes indicating when and where the manuscript was copied or corrected.
How it's done:
- Colophons sometimes include dates, place names, and scribe names, allowing scholars to pinpoint exactly when and where the manuscript was copied.

4. Studying the Reception History

Commentaries and Scholarly Use

What is it? Manuscripts are often quoted, referenced, or interpreted in later works, providing insights into how the text was received and used.
How it's done:
- Scholars trace references to the manuscript in biblical commentaries, liturgical texts, and theological writings.
- Example: If a manuscript of the New Testament is quoted by Irenaeus or Tertullian, scholars can learn how the text was understood in early Christian thought.

Manuscript Reuse and Rebinding

What is it? Over time, manuscripts were often rebound or reused to conserve them, sometimes with multiple texts bound together.
How it's done:
- Scholars study rebindings and the way different texts were incorporated together to understand the manuscript’s use and importance over time.

5. Digital Manuscript Studies and Databases

Manuscript Databases

What are they? Manuscript databases compile digital images of manuscripts, their metadata (provenance, condition, etc.), and textual variants.
How it's done:
- Scholars can search large collections of manuscripts using keywords, variants, or specific codicological features to compare and trace a manuscript’s history.
- Example: The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls project digitized the Dead Sea Scrolls, allowing scholars to study them without damaging the fragile originals.

Comparative Analysis Software

What is it? New software tools help scholars compare multiple versions of manuscripts and track variants and evolutions of texts in real-time.
How it's done:
- Scholars can upload manuscript images or text into digital tools to automatically compare different versions of the same text. This speeds up textual analysis, helping to identify patterns of transmission and changes over time.

Summary of the Steps in Tracing Manuscript History

Identification and Classification:
- Paleography, codicology, textual elements, and material analysis help categorize the manuscript and date it.
Provenance Research:
- Provenance involves tracking ownership, geographical origin, and historical movement.
Textual Criticism:
- Analyzing variations, errors, and corrections through comparison of manuscripts to reconstruct the original text.
Reception History:
- Tracing how the manuscript was quoted, referenced, and used by later authors, scholars, and communities.
Digital Tools:
- Modern tools enhance manuscript study with digital databases, comparative analysis, and software to assist scholars in manuscript research.

keras · 2025-12-17T01:21:51-0600

eclipsenow said:
We have discussed this chapter before, years ago.

I have not changed my beliefs.
It is actually more certain now for the Lord to use a Coronal Mass Ejection to destroy His enemies; the Islamic peoples, esp Iran. Who is now poised to fire nuke missiles into Israel. The Mullah's must act or the Iranian people will overthrow them.

It IS what is Prophesied and to deny the forthcoming Lords Day of vengeance and wrath, is to reject much scripture.

timewerx · 2025-12-17T01:20:40-0600

truthuprootsevil said:
Jesus said the world will hate you because it hated me first.

So if anyone is considered a follower of or chosen by Yahweh / Yeshua / Jesus they will have troubles, sorrows, and woes from the world.

Sadly, Christians and Jews are hated for the wrong reasons. Not for being Christ-like. The most damning reason of hatred of Christianity is hypocrisy.

ViaCrucis · 2025-12-17T01:17:42-0600

Valletta said:
They need jobs.

I agree. The ICE agents should find real jobs.

ViaCrucis · 2025-12-17T01:16:14-0600

Lily76_ said:
i think they use the Norse mythology to sell and make big money for companies that are failing until Christmastime so they use Odin as Santa to take money off people even the Christmas tree comes from Norse Mythology too

There's nothing Norse about the origins of Christmas trees.

Christmas trees started in Germany, probably sometime in the 15th century and were popularized by German Lutherans later on. German immigrants then took the Christmas tree tradition with them--which is how it arrived in America. And like all things in America, we made it bigger and flashier.

linux.poet · 2025-12-17T01:07:10-0600

Prayers for justice and resolution are needed as my workplace has misplaced an entire week of 6 long hour-days that I worked for them and does not have the hours registered so that I will get paid for them. I don’t work for free, and I have a record of the missing hours, so please pray that I can get the hours added back onto my total and get myself paid for them.

Also, my windows computer for some reason has choked on itself and the start menu, connect to the internet menu, and settings menu all do not open. The rest of it works fine. I have reason to believe that a bad Windows Update is the cause. Please pray that I can get the bad update repaired or uninstalled and things back the way they should be. I’m usually pretty good with computers, but this problem came at the worst possible time.

Thanks.

ViaCrucis · 2025-12-17T00:58:05-0600

Delvianna said:
nor do I agree that just because the rich does it, doesn't give anyone the right to do it too.

Perhaps.
Shoplifting is against the law, and for good reason. And theft is morally wrong.

But if the wealthy are out stealing bags of gold, I'm probably going to be less worried about when a poor mother steals a loaf of bread to feed her kids. Especially if a big reason why her kids are starving and she's poor is because the wealthy are stealing the gold.

JulieB67 · 2025-12-17T00:54:57-0600

1Tonne said:
. The issue annihilationist's have is that their form of punishment is over and done with; it is not everlasting.

And the issue for those who teach ECT is the fact that they don't believe the second death is everlasting punishment and it is. Death has always been punishment. And the second one is yes, everlasting. Meaning there's no coming back from that. How is that not everlasting punishment?

ViaCrucis · 2025-12-17T00:50:17-0600

Desk trauma said:
I think that's located down the road we're already on.

Without serious course correction, it's not a question of if, but when.

stevevw · 2025-12-17T00:37:57-0600

timothyu said:
Exactly. They act like tourists today, expecting the places they visit to be like home but just look different.

Not just tourist because when being a tourist people respect the culture. They get in trouble if they don't know how to properly respect the culture. In fact most appreciate the culture and want to experience the different culture and get to know it when visiting.

But some immigrants come to impose their culture over the local culture institutionally and publically. I think this is not the fault of the immigrants but the host culture who has a misplaced idea that a society can have multiple cultural identities with the same levels of authority at the same time.

Its not even cultural differences really. But a human ethical issue about how society should be ordered. Most immigrants who came post 1st and 2nd WW had a similar value system though they were different ethnically. The Italians and Greeks supported democracy and human Rights. Especially after the 2nd WW when we created the UN and the HR charter.

Most of the world understood these truth principles. So any immigrant who came it did not matter their cultural traditions and customs. So long as they shared the same Life Principles and Values it usually allowed people to integrate and still hold their specific cultural beliefs.

But what is happening is different now and I think this is an engineered change in ideological worldview and how western nations see immigration. As though the need to be politically correct about race was more important than the practical policies and rules that maintained a stable society.

Almost sacrificing the hosts identity being undermined by its own people due to political correctness. An over correction and misplaced guilt that free nations had to put others before themselves due to the belief that the west are the bad guys. Thus in the process attacking their own culture destablising it with division and hate.

ViaCrucis · 2025-12-17T00:26:49-0600

rjs330 said:
Yes I did, which rebutted your point

You are literally repeating 19th century talking points bigots used to argue why Catholics, Jews, the Irish, the Chinese, the Italians, etc don't belong in America.

I haven't even touched on the simple fact that millions of Muslim Americans live their lives here fully experiencing this country and its freedoms. That alone proves you're not only hateful, but just wrong.

pastorwaris · 2025-12-17T00:26:17-0600

leslieb said:
Thank you for sharing Pastor, may God spread his protection over you and the believers in Pakistan and deliver you all from every evil attack and bring you safely into his heavenly kingdom. Pastor I pray that you and the church in Pakistan will be strengthened with joy and peace so that these trials do not shake your faith. May God equip you with power of the Holy Spirit to endure suffering and I pray that Jesus will lift up every person suffering in those churches, may they be healed and restored and comforted in Jesus name.

Amen Amen and Thank you so much for prayers and blessings with beautiful and blessed words.
May God bless you more and more!

stevevw · 2025-12-17T00:20:34-0600

Some of these Islamist leaders have been celebrating the massacre of Jewish people at Bondi beach and the crowd is cheering. They are calling this a victory, a celebration and a call to rise up against the Jews and I would imagine anyone who disagrees with them.

This reminds me of Oct 7th all over again. A Jewish massacre and people celebrating. This is truely scary and crazy and a red flag as to the level of division and radicalism that has been allowed to be cultivated and fester now to the point of many acts of violence on the streets.

Shemjaza · 2025-12-16T23:49:53-0600

Don't they have a brain with most of the working parts, just smushed into a an unusually small area of the skull?

New Posts

New Posts

1. Identification and Classification of a Manuscript​

Paleography (The study of ancient handwriting)​

Codicology (The study of manuscripts as physical objects)​

Textual Elements (Analysis of the content)​

2. Establishing the Manuscript’s Source (Provenance)​

Provenance Research​

Watermarks (for Paper Manuscripts)​

3. Textual Transmission and Variants​

Textual Criticism​

Citations and Quotations​

Colophons and Annotations​

4. Studying the Reception History​

Commentaries and Scholarly Use​

Manuscript Reuse and Rebinding​

5. Digital Manuscript Studies and Databases​

Manuscript Databases​

Comparative Analysis Software​

Summary of the Steps in Tracing Manuscript History​

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1. Identification and Classification of a Manuscript

Paleography (The study of ancient handwriting)

Codicology (The study of manuscripts as physical objects)

Textual Elements (Analysis of the content)

2. Establishing the Manuscript’s Source (Provenance)

Provenance Research

Watermarks (for Paper Manuscripts)

3. Textual Transmission and Variants

Textual Criticism

Citations and Quotations

Colophons and Annotations

4. Studying the Reception History

Commentaries and Scholarly Use

Manuscript Reuse and Rebinding

5. Digital Manuscript Studies and Databases

Manuscript Databases

Comparative Analysis Software

Summary of the Steps in Tracing Manuscript History