I know that circumcision is a sign of the covenant made between God and Abraham. But why did God pick circumcision over something else? What is the significance of circumcision?
Circumcision in the Ancient world
Ancient Egyptian caved scene of circumcision, from the inner northern wall of the Temple of
Khonspekhrod at the
Precinct of Mut,
Luxor, Egypt.
Eighteenth dynasty,
Amenhotep III, c. 1360 BC.
The oldest documentary evidence for circumcision comes from
Egypt. Tomb artwork from the
Sixth Dynasty (2345 - 2181 BC) shows men with circumcised penises, and one
relief from this period shows the rite being performed on a standing adult male. The
Egyptian hieroglyph for "penis" depicts either a circumcised or an erect organ. The examination of Egyptian mummies has found some with foreskins and others who were circumcised.
Circumcision was common, although not universal, among ancient
Semitic peoples. The
Book of Jeremiah, written in the
sixth century BC, lists the
Egyptians,
Jews,
Edomites,
Ammonites, and
Moabites as circumcising cultures.
Herodotus, writing in the
fifth century BC, would add the
Colchians,
Ethiopians,
Phoenicians, and
Syrians to that list.
Except in the portrayal of
satyrs, lechers, and
barbarians,
ancient Greece artwork portrayed penises covered by foreskins. In the aftermath of
Alexander the Great's conquests, Greek dislike of circumcision led to a decline in its incidence among many peoples that had previously practiced it. The writer of
1 Maccabees wrote that under the
Seleucids, many Jewish men attempted to hide or reverse their circumcision so they could exercise in Greek
gymnasia, where nudity was the norm. First Maccabees also relates that the Seleucids forbade the practice of
brit milah (Jewish circumcision), and punished those who performed itas well as the infants who underwent itwith death.
Cultural pressures to circumcise operated throughout the
Hellenistic world: when the Judean king
John Hyrcanus conquered the
Idumeans, he forced them to become circumcised and convert to Judaism, but their ancestors the Edomites had practiced circumcision in pre-Hellenistic times. [Wikipedia-History of Male Circumcision]
Apparently this practice was a form of initiation. I used to think that the Israelites were the first ones to practice this. Maybe they were the first ones to use it for a National identity.