Again, what I wrote above from Robert Sauers M.I.T. Team and Information expert Hubert Yockey whose theoretical calculations to determine the information content of cytochrome C while allowing for ambiguity. Mr. Yockey based his calculations on phylogenetic sequence comparisons. His calculations revealed that an undirected search arriving at this a protein has a probability of occurrence of 1 in 10^65, even after assuming the most ideal conditions all amino acids are left handed, all necessary amino acids are present, that only alpha bonds occurred, and all chemicals and/or energy that could neutralize or destroy the amino acids are not present.
And, again from my above post, Yockey's theoretical work is confirmed with the Hard Science of Robert T. Sauer and his M.I.T. team of biologists undertook the scientific research of substituting the 20 different types amino acids in two different proteins. Upon each substitution, the protein sequence was reinserted into bacteria to be tested for function. They discovered that in some locations of the protein's amino acid chains, up to 15 different amino acids may be substituted while at other locations their was a tolerance of only a few, and yet other locations could not tolerate even one substitution of any other amino acid. One of the proteins they chose was the 92 residue lambda repressor.
Sauer et. al. calculated that:
"... there should be about 10^57 different allowed sequences for the entire 92 residue domain. ... the calculation does indicate in a qualitative way the tremendous degeneracy in the information that does specifies a particular protein fold. Nevertheless, the estimated number of sequences capable of adopting the lambda repressor fold is still an exceedingly small fraction, about 1 in 10^63, of the total possible 92 residue sequences."
They achieved similar results with another short protein.
Sauer et. al. go on to highlight that Yockey (1978) had obtained a similar result for cytochrome C.
Biologists R.T. Sauer, James U Bowie, John F.R. Olson, and Wendall A. Lim, 1989, 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Science's USA 86, 2152-2156. and 1990, March 16, Science, 247; and, Olson and R.T. Sauer, 'Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics', 7:306 - 316, 1990.
This hard science is a striking confirmation of Professor Yockey's theoretical work that tell us that the probability of a mixture of solely proteinous right handed amino acids being arranged in a sequence (by non-directed means, i.e. materialistic evolution) that provides a function (i.e. message) necessary to produce living organisms is a minimum of 1 in 10^63, and decreases exponentially for much larger proteins (e.g. Hemoglobin).
Thus this is another insurmountable stubbling block to a materialistic evolutionary pathway from racemized amino acids of proteinous and non-proteinous proteins amino ever evolving into an assembly of purely proteinous amino acids, that connect with just the right bonds, into the correct sequences of needed for a variety of functional proteins necessary for life. And even if natural causes could bring it to this point (which they can't), you still need the machinery to cause these extremely rare proteinous sequences to FOLD. And why would such folding machines ever exist, waiting for the right proteins to arrive over very long periods of time.
Beyond the above, there are other scientific facts that drive more nails into the coffin of the concept abiogenesis.
To make life, we need amino acids, sugars, bases, and phosphates. This gives us several catch 22's. You need formaldehyde to make sugars, but formaldehyde fixes amino acids so that they do not react. Methane polymerizes formaldehyde, but must be present to make amino acids. Amino acids plus bases destroys formaldehyde. Calcium and magnesium in our oceans destroy phosphates; you can't get phosphates in oceans. Energy needed to make amino acids also destroys the amino acids.
R. Shapiro, Ph.D. Chemistry, "The Improbability of Pre-biotic Nucleic Acid Synthesis" 14 Origin of Life 565, 1984, relates how experiments like Miller-Urey have very limited significance because of the implausible conditions under which they are conducted:
"Many accounts of the origin of life assume the spontaneous synthesis of a self replicating nucleic acid could take place readily. However, these procedures use pure starting materials, afford poor yields, and are run under conditions that are not compatible with one another. Any nucleic acid components that were formed in the primitive earth would tend to hydrolyze by a number of pathways. Their polarization would be inhibited by the presence of vast numbers of related substances which would react preferentially with them."
The above is much more than enough to convince all reasonable people that abiogenesis is scientifically unfeasible. Louis Pasteur is correct when he gave us the biogenetic law that states that life only comes from life. It takes intelligence and 'know how' to create life. Non-thoughtful processes can not create life because those processes are controlled by the Laws of Physics and Chemistry and they can not place the necessary boundary conditions on the laws of physics and Chemistry to form a living being. Only intelligent causes can do that and only living intelligent beings can provide intelligent causes.
What the laws of chemistry and physics tell us is that the most profound scientific statement ever written on the origin of life is: "In the beginning, G-d Created...".
Only intelligence, know how, fore-knowledge, and ability can place molecules in the correct order for life, as we know it, to exist.
The Theory of Evolution is a fantasy for Secular Humanists, whom seek a reasonable worldview, but it is not true!!!
The End!