• Starting today August 7th, 2024, in order to post in the Married Couples, Courting Couples, or Singles forums, you will not be allowed to post if you have your Marital status designated as private. Announcements will be made in the respective forums as well but please note that if yours is currently listed as Private, you will need to submit a ticket in the Support Area to have yours changed.

The Orthodox are smashing Gavin Ortlund

Nagomirov

Russian Orthodox Church
Mar 28, 2024
394
40
40
Алтайский край, город Рубцовск
✟10,145.00
Country
Russian Federation
Gender
Male
Faith
Catholic
Marital Status
Celibate
I'd say it this way, we may not be Iconodules, but we are Iconophiles; and most certainly are not Iconoclasts.

To accuse us of being Iconoclasts--"Image-smashers"--is slander.

-CryptoLutheran


I'd say it this way, we may not be Iconodules, but we are Iconophiles; and most certainly are not Iconoclasts.

To accuse us of being Iconoclasts--"Image-smashers"--is slander.

-CryptoLutheran

The iconoclasts in Byzantium were not against icons either, but they were against veneration, so they are iconoclasts. You understand that you can be an iconoclast without denying icons. Iconography and icon worship, miscellaneous.
 
Upvote 0

The Liturgist

Traditional Liturgical Christian
Site Supporter
Nov 26, 2019
15,468
8,142
50
The Wild West
✟752,872.00
Country
United States
Gender
Male
Faith
Generic Orthodox Christian
Marital Status
Celibate
Icons are a late innovation or development of doctrine.

Forgive me, but on this point you are in error.

Icons are in the Old Testament, for instance, the cherubim that adorned the Ark of the Covenant. Iconclasm is a completely valid grounds for anathematization because to reject icons is to deny the Incarnation of Christ, which is why we made such an issue over it. Also, we know from the now-destroyed house church and synagogue at Dura Europos in Syria, from the second century, and from the catacombs in Rome, that the early Church had icons.

Rather, it is iconoclasm that was a late development. We have no evidence of iconoclasm before the rise of Islam, other than a peculiar and inconsistent reading of St. Epiphanios, who saw an inappropriate depiction of our Lord on a curtain in a church and removed that curtain, and sent them a replacement, but for those who would say that St. Epiphanios was an iconoclast, given that he thorouhgly documented even those beliefs he regarded as heretical, but which were only rumored to be practiced, whose existence he could not verify, in his book the Panarion, or Medicine Chest, and also was not afraid to take on other bishops and popular figures such as Origen and Bishop Lucifer of Cagliari in Sardinia, who was a fan of Origen (and thus in this regard St. Epiphanius was an ally of St. Jerome), and indeed when a false rumor came to him that St. John Chrysostom was an Origenist, he set out to Constantinople to confront St. John only to learn the rumor was a fake, and sadly he reposed before returning to his see of Salamis.

Rather, iconoclasm emerged in the Byzantine Empire in response to Islam, because superstitious Byzantine generals and politicians assumed that the radical iconoclasm of Muhammed was the reason for the success of Islam, rather than the corruption of the Byzantine state, the divisive policies that had alienated the Oriental Orthodox, the complacency of the Byzantine military establishment, and other factors. It was much more convenient to simply attribute divine favor to Muhammed and to call for a mass destruction of icons. Needless to say, many in the church resisted, notably the monasteries of Studion, St. Sabbas in Palestine and St. Catharine in Sinai, which has some ancient icons which predate the Iconoclasm, such as the famous icon of Christ Pantocrator.

Thus insofar as Martin Luther appears to have been an iconodule, he acted correctly, by recognizing the Incarnation, since God can be shown in the prosopon of Jesus Christ, and insofar as some early Protestants engaged in iconoclasm, they engaged in a serious error, one which is usually comorbid with Nestorianism. Unfortunately, and I say this as someone with a Reformed Congregationalist background, this was largely the case in Reformed churches, and one thing my friend @MarkRohfrietsch and I have discussed is a problem with cryptic forms of this even in denominations which are mostly non-iconoclastic.

The requirement to venerate icons is entirely proper, since if one is not venerating icons, the question becomes, what is the point to even having them? A non-venerable iconography merely takes up space, or provides a distraction or causes confusion. For this reason I object to some contemporary artwork we see in some recent Roman Catholic cathedrals, such as the dreadful depiction of our Lord in their cathedral in Las Vegas.

Now, with regards to proper iconography, it obviously does not have to be venerated in the way the Eastern Orthodox venerate it; since the Oriental Orthodox do not do this as extensively, rather; I believe that recognizing the holiness of the depicted subject matter in a reverent manner is sufficient.

Thus, Orthodox theology, whether Eastern or Western, is inherently iconographic, because we are called to form an icon of the Holy Trinity in our relations with our own families, our neighbors, our fellow members of the church, and so on.
 
Reactions: SashaMaria
Upvote 0

The Liturgist

Traditional Liturgical Christian
Site Supporter
Nov 26, 2019
15,468
8,142
50
The Wild West
✟752,872.00
Country
United States
Gender
Male
Faith
Generic Orthodox Christian
Marital Status
Celibate
As I'm sure you know, the council was not readily accepted in the West because it lacked the marks of an ecumenical council.

That’s inaccurate; you are confusing Nicaea II with Trullo and also the Three Chapters Controversy. The Roman Catholic Church fully endorsed Nicaea II and it is an ecumenical council. It did not cause a schism in the West, unlike the Fifth Ecumenical Synod, and furthermore it also fully agrees with Oriental Orthodox theology, which makes it perhaps the most ecumenical council since Ephesus (although the Oriental Orthodox do reject monothelitism and monergism, which were the issues of the sixth and fifth centuries).

The argument that the 5th through 7th councils were not fully accepted in the West is basically a Calvinist argument.
 
Upvote 0

The Liturgist

Traditional Liturgical Christian
Site Supporter
Nov 26, 2019
15,468
8,142
50
The Wild West
✟752,872.00
Country
United States
Gender
Male
Faith
Generic Orthodox Christian
Marital Status
Celibate
Lastly @JM respectfully, you cannot say that the Augsburg Catholic position is synonymous with Western Orthodoxy.

I will accept that Evangelical Catholic Lutherans are, insofar as their doctrine agrees with the Orthodox church, which is significant, Western Orthodox, but not all Western Orthodox are Evangelical Catholics. There are three other significant groups, two of which appear to have a more consistent and developed approach to iconography than some Lutherans, for instance, the Anglo-Catholics and the Western Rite Orthodox. There are also the traditional Latin Mass Catholics and Old Catholics, and some of them share in an understanding of iconography with the Orthodox and unfortunately others do not, so its a bit hit or miss. Also the original Moravians come to mind, before the Pietist distortions of Graf von Zinzendorf. Specifically, there are problems with some later forms of Roman Catholic iconography, in terms of what to do with it and whether or not it is really iconographic, although traditional Catholics such as Dr. Peter Kwasniewksy have done an admirable job on this issue.

It is my impression of Martin Luther, based on the information I have from our friend @MarkRohfrietsch , that he was an Iconodule, even if the mode of his veneration differs from Eastern Orthodox norms.

Thus, I would urge Lutherans to not reject iconodulism; I think a rejection of iconodulism is a serious problem, because of its lack of consistency with the Seventh Ecumenical Council, and what is more, I think it represents a crypto-Calvinist influence in Lutheranism. We know that such influences exist, because several Protestant monarchs were either Calvinist or had Calvinist sympathies, particularly the Calvinist Prussians, but even some of the Scandinavian monarchs. For example, in Denmark, the beautiful icons of the round churches on Bornholm were painted over in the 17th century, which is incompatible with Martin Luther’s approach to icons (fortunately it has been possible to restore these icons).

Lutheran Orthodoxy was a very Orthodox movement, as is Evangelical Catholicism, whereas conversely crypto-Calvinism, which I have discussed with our most faithful and pious friend @MarkRohfrietsch extensively, who first alerted me to it, actually, as I had been unaware of it or the extent to which it was a thing in many of the major Lutheran denominations in North America, is something that Lutherans should struggle against, particularly in the LCMS, which is one of the Lutheran denominations least affected by it, where the opportunity exists for a most pure form of Lutheranism which would be highly ecumenically compatible with the Orthodox and Anglo-Catholic churches.

By the way, lest i be seen as anti-Lutheran or as critical of Lutheranism in this post, I would object to that; my godfather was a Lutheran pastor with the Augustana synod; I am proud of my Swedish and German Lutheran heritage, I loved the LCMS school in which i was raised, and I regard Luther’s stalwart defense of the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist, and the perpetual virginity of the Theotokos, and indeed the status of St. Mary as the Mother of God, as all extremely important. Indeed Lutheranism holds a special place in my heart, because in its most pure Evangelical Catholic form, it is extremely anti-Nestorian, because of the stress Lutheran theologians place on the principle of communicatio idiomatum. This principle is absolutely essential for Orthodox Christology, and the two denominations that I feel place the greatest emphasis on this, and on resisting Nestorianism, are the Oriental Orthodox in the East, and the Lutherans in the West.

Thus, I am distressed to see apparent confusion among Lutherans who reject iconoclasm but who are seemingly afraid to embrace iconodulism, despite the fact that this is required by the ecumenical councils and is entirely scriptural and of great importance, eschatologically and in other respects.

What iconodulism represents is love; it is the Gospel expressed through the veneration of those sanctified in Christ and of appreciating in worship the crucifixion of Christ through the veneration of the Crucifix and the Holy Cross, which are worthy of veneration but which cannot be worshipped, but which in venerating these things, we are able to adore Christ our God, who among men, by virtue of His divinity, is alone worthy of adoration. No other human is adorable, because Christ is human and God, united hypostatically, and to God alone is due all adoration and worship, and on the basis of communicatio idiomatum we are therefore able to worship Christ in a unified manner, rather than dividing his humanity from his divinity according to Nestorian principles, which is why those who follow Nestorius usually reject icons altogether or else make only an aesthetic, cosmetic use of them, as opposed to actual veneration.

Lastly I would note that my intervention in this thread has been intended to defend Protestants from what I regard as unfair criticism from my fellow Eastern Orthodox friend @Nagomirov , who I believe is in error regarding Protestants, by overgeneralizing them. Most Anglo Catholics, for example, engage in a systematic veneration of icons according to Western practices, even engaging in the Stations of the Cross and certain other iconodule devotions specific to the Western Church, which are not known in the Eastern churches. And also from the false accusation of iconoclasm, which you, my Lutheran friends, have agreed is in error. But in the process of this agreement, we have stumbled across this issue of iconodulism.

Now, if you disagree with me, fine, but please, at least think about what I have written, because I am an ally of Lutheranism.
 
Upvote 0

Nagomirov

Russian Orthodox Church
Mar 28, 2024
394
40
40
Алтайский край, город Рубцовск
✟10,145.00
Country
Russian Federation
Gender
Male
Faith
Catholic
Marital Status
Celibate

Artyom Grigoryan wrote to me: "The Armenian iconoclasts wrote as an argument that the icons in the Armenian Church were all imported from Byzantium. The Armenians themselves did not know how to paint icons. There was no school, unlike Khachkars." By the way, in the Assyrian Church of the East, the Cross is revered, but there are no icons there. I cannot find information that I have previously encountered, Lutheran theologian Franz Piper wrote about the Cross as a form of the Word, the form of the Gospel. In the Lutheran prayer books, in the morning and evening prayer rule, it is proposed to make the sign of the cross over oneself. During Mass, the pastor blesses the congregation with a cruciform hand. Therefore, for Lutherans, the sign of the cross is a means of grace.
 
Upvote 0

Nagomirov

Russian Orthodox Church
Mar 28, 2024
394
40
40
Алтайский край, город Рубцовск
✟10,145.00
Country
Russian Federation
Gender
Male
Faith
Catholic
Marital Status
Celibate
  • The Assyrian Church of the East does not currently make use of icons and the interior of its houses of worship are simple. Historically, iconography was present in the Church of the East; but opposition to religious images eventually became the norm due to the spread of Islam in the region, which forbade any type of depictions of saints and biblical prophets. As such, the church was forced to get rid of her icons. History shows that the Assyrian Church of the East is not truly aniconic. Icons are not strictly forbidden, but simply not in general liturgical practice due to historical circumstances.
 
Upvote 0

The Liturgist

Traditional Liturgical Christian
Site Supporter
Nov 26, 2019
15,468
8,142
50
The Wild West
✟752,872.00
Country
United States
Gender
Male
Faith
Generic Orthodox Christian
Marital Status
Celibate
Artyom Grigoryan wrote to me: "The Armenian iconoclasts wrote as an argument that the icons in the Armenian Church were all imported from Byzantium. The Armenians themselves did not know how to paint icons. There was no school, unlike Khachkars."

So what? They’re not iconoclasts. Armenian iconoclasm was never the policy of the Armenian church, unlike in Constantinople, which was officially iconoclast for much of the 8th and 9th century.


The Assyrian Church of the East is not Oriental Orthodox so this issue is entirely irrelevant.
 
Upvote 0

Nagomirov

Russian Orthodox Church
Mar 28, 2024
394
40
40
Алтайский край, город Рубцовск
✟10,145.00
Country
Russian Federation
Gender
Male
Faith
Catholic
Marital Status
Celibate

I am not writing that the Armenian Church is iconoclastic, no. I wrote that there was iconoclasm in her story.
 
Upvote 0

The Liturgist

Traditional Liturgical Christian
Site Supporter
Nov 26, 2019
15,468
8,142
50
The Wild West
✟752,872.00
Country
United States
Gender
Male
Faith
Generic Orthodox Christian
Marital Status
Celibate
I am not writing that the Armenian Church is iconoclastic, no. I wrote that there was iconoclasm in her story.

Yes, so what? They completely eradicated the heresy without it becoming entrenched as happened in our own communion. The Oriental Orthodox have been blessed in that they have managed to always avoid iconoclasm. Also, there were and are traditional Armenian schools of iconography. The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem is one center of Armenian iconography and church decoration that is particularly splendid and which makes a beautiful contribution in synthesis with the Greek Orthodox, Syriac Orthodox and Roman Catholic decor at the two great pilgrimage churches or the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and the Nativity in Bethlehem, and other churches in the area. And one will also find it in Armenia, except in the areas occupied by Azerbaijan where the eradication of Armenian cultural traces has been implemented.

I am not ethnically Armenian but I was so disturbed by what happened last year to them, and the relative lack of attention the new Azeri genocide has caused, that I changed my signature. The Turks meanwhile continue to deny the genocide of 1915 against Armenians, Syriacs and Pontic Greek Christians.
 
Last edited:
Upvote 0

Nagomirov

Russian Orthodox Church
Mar 28, 2024
394
40
40
Алтайский край, город Рубцовск
✟10,145.00
Country
Russian Federation
Gender
Male
Faith
Catholic
Marital Status
Celibate
 
Upvote 0

Nagomirov

Russian Orthodox Church
Mar 28, 2024
394
40
40
Алтайский край, город Рубцовск
✟10,145.00
Country
Russian Federation
Gender
Male
Faith
Catholic
Marital Status
Celibate
Trent Horn:

We have to be careful in using this dialogue to understand the nature of 3rd century Christianity. That’s because the dialogue is slanted in a way to make Christianity as appealing as possible to certain pagan converts, especially those who had rejected idolatry. One academic study of early medieval art says of this dialogue that, quote, “The language and the arguments are carefully chosen to appeal to a cultivated non-Christian audience. There are no quotations from scripture, and nowhere in the dialogue is mention made of Christ. Minucius Felix’s remote godhead, which can neither be seen nor represented, is the god of a philosopher rather than the God who took human form in Christ.” In chapter 29, the Christian character in the dialogue makes a few indirect references to Jesus when he denies Christians worship a mere man who was crucified. But otherwise, the dialogue tries very hard to ignore the incarnation and repeatedly describes God as unseen and immaterial.

However, we know the characters in the dialogue are either ignorant or they’re not speaking literally, because they say Christians don’t have altars. However, by the middle of the 3rd century, when this dialogue was written, Saint Cyprian of Carthage was writing about priests serving at Christian altars. In letter 65 he says, “No one should call away to secular anxieties the priests and ministers of God who are occupied with the service of his altar and church.” In 2004, archeologists discovered a 3rd century church near the Megiddo prison in Israel that contains images of fish, symbolizing Christ, and a mosaic that says, quote, “The God-loving Akeptous has offered the table to God Jesus Christ as a memorial.” The word table probably refers to altar, as can be seen in 1 Corinthians 10:21. “You cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons,” referring to pagan alters.

One study of the Megiddo church points out that Christians used different words to refer to different kinds of alters. It says the following. “In early Christianity the altar was not called bomos, like the altars on which the pagans used to sacrifice, nor [inaudible 00:46:01], as it was later named because of its identification with the altar in the Temple, but trapeza, dining table. For here did the faithful celebrate the first rite, except for baptism, of the new religion, the breaking of bread and drinking of wine, as Jesus had instructed the apostles.”

So it may be the case that, in authors like Felix or Origen, we have them condemning images and altars. But what they are condemning are pagan altars and pagan images, since Christian churches at the time had both altars and images. Finally, even if Felix were opposed to Christians venerating holy images, which he doesn’t say, but let’s suppose he did, part of his motivation in doing that was to downplay the scandal of the incarnation to prospective pagan converts. So, the development of holy image veneration would be a legitimate way of countering this problematic attitude towards one of the central mysteries of the Christian faith.

Gavin Ortlund on Icons (REBUTTED)
 
Upvote 0