Its tricky to answer that.
Spoken to Israel at the time, right?
But you've seen yourself that Jesus spoke in parables, so is there any reason not to believe this as parables too?
Israel still had their blinders on, when this was spoken, so could they really understand and see what Jesus really meant?
They(apostles) themselves would say they didnt understand Him frequently.
I guess my final answer would be that, though spoken to Israel, they could not understand and the "church" after the Holy Spirit had came and revealed truth, could look back and see what Jesus was speaking about.
Now to ask me what it all really means, is another story. LOL
Im still in the middle of studying and finding truth myself, so I dont understand it all yet.
Some seems like is just MUST be still in our future. Yet some of the symbolism seems to fit so good with what I see about going from one covenant to the other.
I have some thoughts about the "rapture" actually being what spiritually took place ( humans didnt see it all, but who knows what kind of war Jesus fought when he was in the grave 3 days) when people went from the old covenant, to the new covenant.
The "crossing over".
One generation one day, the new generation the next day.
Ive really been reading Exodus and what went on when God took Israel out of egypt, because I have a feeling, that THAT is the earthly "rapture" that foreshadowed, the spiritual rapture, when mankind left that ministration of death behind, which I feel like in turn, the ministration of death( law) depicts leaving sin behind.
I dont know if Im making sense but you know here it says " come out of her my people" ... I believe that is when the real people of faith, could come out of "Israel" ( Israel as a program, not the earthly land) and leave the law behind and stuff.
You'll see if you study the parables and the OT that "field" and "clothes" or "garments"
or "raiments" and "house" or "housetop" are symbolic of other things, like "field" being the world.
I dont think its a coincidence that Jesus ( again, KNOWN for speaking in parables) used these exact words, to describe things in the olivet discourse.