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The Flood: Varves

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Vance

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Another falsification of a global flood within the last 10,000 years is the existence of varves. Here is a quick definition:

A varve is "a sedimentary lamina or sequence of laminae deposited in a body of still water within one year's time; specifically a pair of layers seasonally deposited in a glacial lake. A glacial varve normally includes a lower 'summer' layer consisting of light-colored sand or silt, which grades upward into a thinner 'winter' layer, consisting of clayey, often organic, dark sediment"

Now, there are many places on this earth in which there are these double layers of sediment in nice, regular formations going back for well over 10,000 years. This would be absolutely impossible if there had been a global flood during this time. These varves are like geologic clocks, like tree rings, if you will. Ever since we have been observing them for the last 100 years, they regularly deposit these double layers, one set each and every year. Never more than one set of double layers, never less. Now, we can simply count these layers back to see for how long this has been going on, UNINTERUPTED. The glacial lakes in Scandanavia show uninterupted yearly deposits going back to the last ice age, more than 10,000 years ago. If there had been a global flood, there is no way this sequence would look as it does. While some YEC organizations make an attempt to respond to the Green River varves, described below, since it is so dramatic, they tend to ignore the Scandanavian glacial lake varves.


We get an even more impressive history from the Green River varve sequences, since they go back about 20 million years. The only arguments that YEC's have attempted with these varves is to show that, at least with the Green River, since this sequence CAN be added to by occasional storms, etc, and thus they might be deposited more than once a year. This does not help them for a number of reasons. First of all, even if it could help avoid the obvious age of the earth problem, it would still run into a brick wall for a global flood. These layers would simply either not exist or look VERY different if there had been a global flood just a few thousand years ago. Competent geologists can tell the annual layers from the occasional storm layers in between and even tell you how big the storm was (again, think about tree rings here, which are more widely spaced during wet years) But even setting that aside, the problem is that to account for the sheer number of layers, they would have to laid down at a dizzying, and simply impossible, rate in order for them all to fit within their time frame. Even if you assume 1 layer per day, you still have 50,000 years! And, of course, one per day is not possible.

That is my analysis, here is what Lucaspa (another real scientist) has stated on this subject on the other forum:

"
As you noted, varves falsify Flood geology. Again. There is no way a single, year long Flood (especially a violent one) could lay down 20 million layers in a single sediment. Particularly when deposits close by have none.

The uniformitarian principle can be checked independent of uniformitarianism by examining the individual layers and testing how they were laid down."

Also, "
Varves in New England show evidence of climate change 17,500 to 13,500 years ago which matches climate patterns in other parts of the world [Rittenour et al. 2000]. These layers prove that the geological record was not produced in just one event."

Here is a site by geologists regarding the Green River varves:

http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/session_3276.htm
 

California Tim

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We get an even more impressive history from the Green River varve sequences, since they go back about 20 million years.
Before I engage in learning more about this, let me get this straight. It is suggested that there are over 20 million layers (sequences) in the Green River? I want to know what the starting point is here.
 
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Vance

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Yes, there are 20 million layers in the Green River sequence. That is the better way of saying it rather than, as I did, that this necessarily means exactly 20 million years. There are a number of occasions in which there were additional layers laid down due to storms, etc. But these are the exception in the sequence, and can be easily spotted.
 
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Vance

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Well, they usually discuss the layers as double layers. But the correct way to discuss it is 20,000,000 double layers, but this does not mean exactly 20,000,000 years, since there are some additional layers from storms, etc. But, since all such layers take a while to settle, it is impossible for this to fit within a young earth time frame. As for the thickness, the are usually a few millimeters, up to a centimeter or so. But no one has tried to assert that the layers are not there, or that they are there in that quantity. This is not really in dispute. All the YEC's have attempted to argue is that they can be laid down more than once a year. But that still doesn't even get them in the ballpark of a young earth. Further, the YEC's have entirely failed to provide a workable alternative for how these layers could be laid down that would actually fit within the time frame.

I am sure Glenn can give us more on this.
 
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Remus

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Vance said:
I am sure Glenn can give us more on this.
I hope someone can, because I'm missing something big here. At just one millimeter per layer (which is about the thinkness of regular paper) and 20,000,000 layers, that would be 20 km of varves or 12.4 miles. Isn't that about half the thinkness of the earth's crust in that area? Obviously my understanding is flawed.
 
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California Tim

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Vance said:
But, since all such layers take a while to settle, it is impossible for this to fit within a young earth time frame.
That is conjecture. You conclude that based on what?

I have begun reading on the subject now and have read that the Mt. St. Helens eruptions laid an enormous amount of finely layers sediment in very short order. Also, it has been observed that many layers can be laid simultaneously by one event. I am searching for corroborating evidence before I accept it, but obviously your conclusion is based on what someone else's conclusion was and not all the possibilities. We cannot rule out the rapid formation of even the Green River Varves just yet. Though difficult to explain, the answer may yet await.
 
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grmorton

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California Tim said:
That is conjecture. You conclude that based on what?

No it isn't conjecture, Tim. Explain this. Why does pollen emitted at various times throughout the year vary cyclically within the varves?

"A rhythmite deposited in a lake near Interlaken in Switzerland
consists of thin couplets each containing a light-colored layer
rich in calcium carbonate and a dark layer rich in organic
matter. Proof that the couplets are annual, and therefore
varves, is established on organic evidence, first recognized by
Heer(1865). The sediment contains pollen grains, whose number
per unit volume of sediment varies cyclically being greatest in
the upper parts of the dark layers. The pollen grains of various
genera are stratified systematically according to the season of
blooming. Finally, diatoms are twice as abundant in the light-
colored layers as in the dark. From this evidence it is
concluded that the light layers represent summer seasons and the
dark ones fall, winter and spring.
Counts of the layers indicate
a record that is valid through at least the last 7,000 years B.
P. " ~ Richard Foster Flint, Glacial and Quaternary Geology, New
York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1971, p. 400.

emphasis mine. But tell me how the Flood does this.


I have begun reading on the subject now and have read that the Mt. St. Helens eruptions laid an enormous amount of finely layers sediment in very short order. Also, it has been observed that many layers can be laid simultaneously by one event. I am searching for corroborating evidence before I accept it, but obviously your conclusion is based on what someone else's conclusion was and not all the possibilities. We cannot rule out the rapid formation of even the Green River Varves just yet. Though difficult to explain, the answer may yet await.

Yes we can rule that out. One can find that the Green River Varves vary cyclically with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the solar cycle, the precession of the equinoxes and the changes in the eccentricity of the earth's orbit. These are cycles which should not exist if the Green River was deposited rapidly. You can find more (including yearly insect nests ) at http://home.entouch.net/dmd/greenriver.htm

Here is the data about the cyclicity

" The cyclicities discussed are developed at seven levels. High-frequency cycles in the Tipton and Laney members include the annual cycle expressed in varving (1), the grouping of varves into El Nino (ENSO)-type (5.8) year cycles (2), their grouping into sunspot cycles (3), and their grouping into 30-year cycles(4). Low-frequency cycles from the Milankovitch frequency band are seen in the Tipton and Wilkins Peak members, and include the precessional 20 ka cycle (5) and the ca. 100 ka eccentricity cycle (6). Cycle categories 1,5, and 6 are discussed here, while 2,3 and 4 are dealt with the Ripepe et al." Fischer, Alfred G., and Lillian T. Roberts, 1991, "Cyclicity in the Green River Formation (Lacustrine Eocene) of Wyoming," Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 61:7:1146-1154, p. 1147
 
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Vance

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Remus:

I did some more research, and found that while the thickness varies, I had the average way too thick. It seems the average thickness is 0.18 mm and a total of about 609 meters.

http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/lessons/varve.ev.pdf

Also, we can get details from our own Glenn Morton's useful page on this very issue:

http://home.entouch.net/dmd/greenriver.htm

I highly recommend that page and I wish I had read it first, since it provides a lot more detail than my general knowledge and past studies.
 
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California Tim

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Vance said:
Remus:

I did some more research, and found that while the thickness varies, I had the average way too thick. It seems the average thickness is 0.18 mm and a total of about 609 meters.

http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/lessons/varve.ev.pdf
Am I the only one here who sees a potential problem with this? I mean .18 mm per layer = 1 year's worth of deposit? How do we only get .18 mm per layer and claim it represents one full year's worth of depostion in a particular spot? (Pardon my ignorance.) Anyway, here are some reputable scientist's rebuttals - not all of which are necesarily "young-earthers":
LAMINAE COUNTS WITHIN A SYNCHRONOUS OIL SHALE UNIT: A CHALLENGE TO THE "VARVE" CONCEPT BUCHHEIM, H. Paul, and BIAGGI, Robert, Department of Geological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Riverside, Ca. 92515

Many workers have interpreted the thin laminae common to "oil shales" of the Eocene Green River Formation as "varves". However, laminae number and thickness studies of one unit in the formation near Kemmerer, Wyoming provide evidence to the contrary. One particular unit, dubbed the "Lower Sandwich Horizon" or "LSWH" was discovered to vary in thickness from 8.3 to 22.6 cm between localities spaced up to 15 kilometers apart. The laminae number of this unit varies from 1160 to 1568, with an overall increase of laminae number (up to 35%) and laminae thickness from basin center to margin. Kerogen content decreases from basin center to margin. Kerogen poor samples are more thickly laminated (.11‑ .19 mm) whereas kerogen rich samples are thinly laminated (.07). The LSWH is bounded top and bottom by two easily mappable tuffs about 2‑3 cm thick. The tuffs represent time‑synchronous units and theoretically the same exact amount of time is represented between them at all locations, no matter how many laminae there is between them or how thick the unit be.

The differences in laminae count, laminae thickness, unit thickness, and kerogen content can be accounted for by a model evoking more voluminous sedimentation and more frequent sedimentation "events" nearer the lake margins than center. The "varve" model is not adequate to explain these differences because it would predict the same number of laminae lake‑wide as well as consistent unit thicknesses and kerogen content. Dr. Paul Buchheim

And another observation:
One needs to consider the geological record as a whole and ask what does it tell us, and similarly with the Bible. I claim the geological record is literally screaming out: global water catastrophe! And the Bible likewise indicates the primary geological event since the creation of life on the planet is a global Flood. One then needs to approach the Green River Formation with this context in view. In terms of the Genesis Flood, the Eocene in my assessment falls within the time of regression of the Flood waters from the continents. The varve‑like laminae would then have to be produced by rapid sedimentation with rapid oscillations/wavelike conditions modulating the sedimentation process. A period of several seconds is sufficiently short to generate the number of laminae in the time available. One thing I can guarantee is that the evolutionary sedimentation rate of 10 microns per year will bury and fossilize not a single one of the billions to trillions of beautifully preserved fish to be found today in the Green River sediments. I hope these brief remarks are helpful. (Dr. John Baumgardner)​

Guy Berthault, a French sedimentologist reported that the Bijou‑Creek Flood in Colorado ('65) produced twelve feet of sediment in 48 hours and that 90‑95% of the sediment had "horizontal laminated strata." A hundred years from now, a person looking at the horizontal laminated strata from the BCF might conclude old age, but the reality was 48 hours! This, to my way of thinking, gives some independent support to Dr. Baumgardner's words. (Guy Berthault, "Experiments on Stratification,")
( in case you wish to refute his findings, here's his response to similar criticism: http://www.theotokos.org.uk/pages/creation/berthaul/berthaul.html )​
Source
 
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Remus

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California Tim said:
Am I the only one here who sees a potential problem with this? I mean .18 mm per layer = 1 year's worth of deposit? How do we only get .18 mm per layer and claim it represents one full year's worth of depostion in a particular spot?
You're not the only one. Of course that's the average. Smallest ones are 0.037mm it seems.
 
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grmorton

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California Tim said:
Am I the only one here who sees a potential problem with this? I mean .18 mm per layer = 1 year's worth of deposit? How do we only get .18 mm per layer and claim it represents one full year's worth of depostion in a particular spot? (Pardon my ignorance.)



Excuse me but what is a full year's worth of snow in Houston Texas? What is a full year of rain in the Atacama Desert of Peru? Rates vary and there is not a governmental bureaucracy that proclaims how much sediment can be deposited in a one year period any more than there is a King Aurthur who can command the weather.



Anyway, here are some reputable scientist's rebuttals - not all of which are necesarily "young-earthers":
LAMINAE COUNTS WITHIN A SYNCHRONOUS OIL SHALE UNIT: A CHALLENGE TO THE "VARVE" CONCEPT BUCHHEIM, H. Paul, and BIAGGI, Robert, Department of Geological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Riverside, Ca. 92515


Many workers have interpreted the thin laminae common to "oil shales" of the Eocene Green River Formation as "varves". However, laminae number and thickness studies of one unit in the formation near Kemmerer, Wyoming provide evidence to the contrary. One particular unit, dubbed the "Lower Sandwich Horizon" or "LSWH" was discovered to vary in thickness from 8.3 to 22.6 cm between localities spaced up to 15 kilometers apart. The laminae number of this unit varies from 1160 to 1568, with an overall increase of laminae number (up to 35%) and laminae thickness from basin center to margin. Kerogen content decreases from basin center to margin. Kerogen poor samples are more thickly laminated (.11‑ .19 mm) whereas kerogen rich samples are thinly laminated (.07). The LSWH is bounded top and bottom by two easily mappable tuffs about 2‑3 cm thick. The tuffs represent time‑synchronous units and theoretically the same exact amount of time is represented between them at all locations, no matter how many laminae there is between them or how thick the unit be.



The differences in laminae count, laminae thickness, unit thickness, and kerogen content can be accounted for by a model evoking more voluminous sedimentation and more frequent sedimentation "events" nearer the lake margins than center. The "varve" model is not adequate to explain these differences because it would predict the same number of laminae lake‑wide as well as consistent unit thicknesses and kerogen content. Dr. Paul Buchheim


If you had done what I and others suggested and actually read my web page, you would know that this site is NOT the same place as the one you are worried about the thin layer of sediment. The above is in Fossil Lake, not Lake Gosiute where the really fine grained stuff with orbital parameters is. My web page http://home.entouch.net/dmd/greenriver.htm explains why. Please read it before you try to discuss the Green River.



And another observation:
One needs to consider the geological record as a whole and ask what does it tell us, and similarly with the Bible. I claim the geological record is literally screaming out: global water catastrophe! And the Bible likewise indicates the primary geological event since the creation of life on the planet is a global Flood. One then needs to approach the Green River Formation with this context in view. In terms of the Genesis Flood, the Eocene in my assessment falls within the time of regression of the Flood waters from the continents. The varve‑like laminae would then have to be produced by rapid sedimentation with rapid oscillations/wavelike conditions modulating the sedimentation process. A period of several seconds is sufficiently short to generate the number of laminae in the time available. One thing I can guarantee is that the evolutionary sedimentation rate of 10 microns per year will bury and fossilize not a single one of the billions to trillions of beautifully preserved fish to be found today in the Green River sediments. I hope these brief remarks are helpful. (Dr. John Baumgardner)​


ARRRRGGGGGGHHHHH. The answers are on my web page and you won't go there. ARRRRRRRRGGGGGGGGHHHHHHH

The Green River is NOT the deposit of a single lake. There are several deposits all called the Green River Formation. THey are coeval in time but they are not identical. THe fossil fish mostly come from a separate part of the Green River formation called Fossil Lake. That is were the vast majority of fossil fish come from. The layers are a bit thicker over there. The largest Green River lake is Gosiute which is where the varves with the solar cycle, precession of the equinoxes etc is found. Baumgardner, fails to tell his readers this. Buchheim and Biaggi are working on Fossil lake, NOT lake Gosiute. For pete's sake please read something other than the stuff you find in creationist literature on the Green River before trying to sound off on it. This is so frustrating.
Guy Berthault, a French sedimentologist reported that the Bijou‑Creek Flood in Colorado ('65) produced twelve feet of sediment in 48 hours and that 90‑95% of the sediment had "horizontal laminated strata." A hundred years from now, a person looking at the horizontal laminated strata from the BCF might conclude old age, but the reality was 48 hours! This, to my way of thinking, gives some independent support to Dr. Baumgardner's words. (Guy Berthault, "Experiments on Stratification,")


No they won't. Those laminae won't have burrows that truncate into the bedding planes. There won't be any fluting and scour marks on the bottom of the layers so no one will think it is a turbidite. THere are lots of things Berthault and his creationist cronies aren't telling you. If you dont' know what fluting is, then you better learn or they will mislead you.


( in case you wish to refute his findings, here's his response to similar criticism: http://www.theotokos.org.uk/pages/creation/berthaul/berthaul.html )


Maybe if he was actually talking about your colorado deposit it would be relevant. He isn't.
I don't see that you addressed the cyclicity of the pollen anywhere. Are you going to do it Tim?
 
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California Tim

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Maybe if he was actually talking about your colorado deposit it would be relevant. He isn't.
I don't see that you addressed the cyclicity of the pollen anywhere. Are you going to do it Tim?
I'm studying up on it. I'm afraid, being new to this argument is going to put me in the path of ignorance while I attain and sort the necessary knowledge to adequately address the issues, including that of pollen - if there is an answer. Until then you'll have to forgive my ineptitude and reliance on the knowledge of others on the matter.
 
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Vance

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Tim, I don't think anyone expects anyone to become an immediate expert on these subjects. But I do think it is important that you are not just going out to "friendly" support sites in search of opposing evidence or counter-arguments. Since you are new to the subject, would it not be best to research the subject objectively and with an intent to determine what really happens, and what really has happened, rather than simply looking for something to back up a predisposition?

Anyone looking for evidence to support a given position will find something, that is inevitable. Now, if you are doing this, then great!
 
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grmorton

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California Tim said:
I'm studying up on it. I'm afraid, being new to this argument is going to put me in the path of ignorance while I attain and sort the necessary knowledge to adequately address the issues, including that of pollen - if there is an answer. Until then you'll have to forgive my ineptitude and reliance on the knowledge of others on the matter.

Thats fine, take your time. One reason I asked about it is that too many young-earth creationists simply go silent and even refuse to acknowledge that a serious point has been made. Unfortunately, most of your fellow young-earthers don't even try.
 
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California Tim

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grmorton said:
Thats fine, take your time. One reason I asked about it is that too many young-earth creationists simply go silent and even refuse to acknowledge that a serious point has been made. Unfortunately, most of your fellow young-earthers don't even try.
If you don't mind me tooting your horn for a moment. As I have been researching across the internet, I noticed you are an oft-quoted expert on your respective science. I seriously doubt I will equal the level of expertise you possess, and any argument I offer risks being misconstrued as willful ingnorance. I just hope you take each of my counterarguments in the spirit in which intended - and never as a personal affront to your point of view. Your presence here, and the presence of others like you set this forum apart from many others I've considered or participated in. It is the perfect mix of technicality and layman simplicity IMO. I'll be back to this thread after some more research.
 
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grmorton

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California Tim said:
If you don't mind me tooting your horn for a moment. As I have been researching across the internet, I noticed you are an oft-quoted expert on your respective science. I seriously doubt I will equal the level of expertise you possess, and any argument I offer risks being misconstrued as willful ingnorance. I just hope you take each of my counterarguments in the spirit in which intended - and never as a personal affront to your point of view. Your presence here, and the presence of others like you set this forum apart from many others I've considered or participated in. It is the perfect mix of technicality and layman simplicity IMO. I'll be back to this thread after some more research.

All that oft citation means is that one is persistant as a rotweiller. It is nothing more than that.
 
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