carnation, as I said in another post, you remind me of myself 7 years ago. I had a hard time with prayer, too. So hard, in fact, that I would dry heave if I tried to pray aloud. I went to several churches and asked for my demons to be exercised so I could pray again, and got the expected crazy looks. But, I was so desperate, that I didn't care how crazy it sounded. A friend of mine gave me this sound advice:
When you pray, you're going boldy before the throneroom of God. That means you have communication with God. That means you have power and influence in the spirit realm. Of course, there are spirits who cannot commune with God. We call them demons. If they can't commune with God, they won't want us communing with God. They'll harass you and oppress you and do whatever they can to shake you up. They do that because God has a purpose for you, and it's their job to stop you from reaching that purpose.
Okay, I think I've added a bit to it but the meaning is the same

The old folks talk about praying through, about hunkering down at an altar and praying until God touches you. I've done it, it takes effort, and you will feel better after you hear from God.
As for learning to pray, I took the Biblical story of the diciples a little different than you did, endure. See, I see it as Jesus's way of telling the diciples that there isn't really a trick to praying. The Lord's prayer is simple--yes, there's wisdom to be gleaned from it--but it's sincere. Jesus talked of how the pharases (sp?) prayed--long words, recited speaches, loud voices, a lot of pomp of show. I think Jesus just bowed his head and uttered those words quietly, meekly, in all humility.
I approach God by simply talking to Him. I praise God to remind myself of how good God is. I ask God to forgive me of my sins and clothe me in righteousness so that I may commune with Him. From there, I talk to Him. I petition Him on behalf of others, and I ask for things for myself. I'm a very selfish prayer, I even talk to God about this sometimes. I ask for Him to bless those I love and those who I must make a continual effort to love.
I've had many prayer breakthroughs, and here are a few of them that may help others:
An evangelist once told me, at a prayer breakfast, that he begins each prayer by asking God to show him what to pray for by the power of the Holy Spirit, and to allow the Holy Spirit to pray through him. He did not pray in tongues, but he prayed in the Spirit nonetheless.
I, myself, pray in tongues. Seeking the gift of tongues was an exercise in spiritual growth for me. It wasn't about myself at all, or the way I lived or the things I did, it was about knowing God. One night, after church, I came home and was full of the Spirit. Within the hour, I was speaking in tongues. I have, of course, recieved other gifts that have served to edifiy not only myself, but those for which God has allowed me to use these gifts, but the "prayer language" has been a tremendous source of spiritual strength for me. I don't think it's necessary or even tremendously important to speak in tongues--most of the most devout Christians I've known didn't. But, for me, it is a blessing.
My latest breakthrough came when God laid it on my heart to pray blessings upon my "enemies." In other words, God told me to pray for prosperity, health, happiness, and success for EVERYBODY I don't like. I did it, I wasn't happy about it, but God has done something truly amazing--He's changed my heart because of it. My prayer life has become richer and more fullfilling because of it.