Seriously:
Rome
The significance of Rome lies primarily in the fact that it is the city of the
pope. The Bishop of Rome, as the successor of
St. Peter, is the
Vicar of Christ on earth and the visible head of the
Catholic Church. Rome is consequently the centre of unity in belief, the source of
ecclesiastical jurisdiction and the seat of the supreme authority which can bind by its enactments the faithful throughout the world. The Diocese of Rome is known as the "See of Peter", the
"Apostolic See", the "Holy Roman Church" the
"Holy See" -- titles which indicate its unique position in
Christendom and suggest the origin of its preeminence. Rome, more than any other city, bears witness both to the past splendour of the pagan world and to the triumph of
Christianity. It is here that the history of the Church can be traced from the earliest days, from the humble beginnings in the
Catacombs to the majestic ritual of St. Peter's. At every turn one comes upon places hallowed by the deaths of the martyrs, the lives of innumerable saints, the memories of wise and holy
pontiffs. From Rome the bearers of the Gospel message went out to the peoples of Europe and eventually to the uttermost ends of the earth. To Rome, again, in every age countless
pilgrims have thronged from all the nations, and especially from English-speaking countries. With religion the missionaries carried the best elements of ancient culture and civilization which Rome had preserved amid all the vicissitudes of barbaric invasion. To these treasures of antiquity have been added the productions of a nobler art inspired by higher ideals, that have filled Rome with masterpieces in
architecture,
painting, and
sculpture. These appeal indeed to every mind endowed with artistic perception; but their full meaning only the Catholic believer can appreciate, because he alone, in his deepest thought and feeling, is at one with the spirit that pulsates here in the heart of the
Christian world.
Many details concerning Rome have been set forth in other articles of THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA. For the prerogatives of the papacy the reader is referred to
POPE; for the ecclesiastical government of the city and diocese, to
CARDINAL VICAR; for liturgical matters, to
ROMAN RITE; for education, to
ROMAN COLLEGES; for literary development, to
ROMAN ACADEMIES; for history, to the biographical articles on the various popes, and the articles
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT,
CHARLEMAGNE, etc. There is a special article on each of the religious orders, saints, and artists mentioned in this article, while the details of the papal administration, both spiritual and temporal, will be found treated under
APOSTOLIC CAMERA;
PONTIFICAL AUDIENCES;
APOSTOLIC EXAMINERS;
HOLY SEE;
PAPAL RESCRIPTS;
ROMAN CONGREGATIONS;
ROMAN CURIA;
SACRA ROMANA ROTA;
STATES OF THE CHURCH, etc. Of the great
Christian monuments of the Eternal City, special articles are devoted to
BASILICA OF ST. PETER;
TOMB OF ST. PETER;
LATERAN BASILICA;
VATICAN;
CHAIR OF PETER.