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philosophy paper / kohlbergs moral development

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Fr0st2k

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this is the intro to my paper, i was just wondering if it was a good intro, and if you could think of a word to replace despair at the end...responses and help would be great! ( ) means ill probably change the wording

the essay question is asks for a 8-10 page paper that would relate St Augustines 2 cites, city of god and man to the books we read during the semester, which are listed in my essay...anyway hope you enjoy it

In theology class, we started going over the idea of human conscience, and morals. The professor presented the classic example of the man and his sick wife. The general idea was that the man needed medicine for his wife. The only medicine that could help was sold by a doctor for two thousand dollars, but the man only had one thousand dollars. We were then asked if the man should resort to stealing it. I sat in the back listening and analyzing what the others in the class thought. After a few students opinions had been offered, I began to (feel…annoyed). It seemed like people could not understand the concept of this example. They weren’t putting themselves in the man’s position, like the question asks us to. Such outrageous answers were being spat out by one after another. When the correct answer was made by few, their reasoning was off tremendously. I related this to Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development.
He imagined six stages of moral reasoning, ranging from the idea of punishment and obedience orientation, at stage one, to the universal ethical principle orientation at stage six. The simple minds of my peers could easily be identified as stage one, caring too much for laws, and obedience of those laws, going along with what others were saying. According to Kohlberg however, they would be placed into the third stage, or “good boy/girl,” doing what would be socially accepted by others. According to Kohlberg, this is the stage most people never get past. Upon placing my classmates into a group, I then decided to place myself. I first decided to see if I fit into Stage five, under the Post-Conventional Level, which is defined by Kohlberg to be The Social Contract Legalistic Orientation. This stage is for people who put the welfare of others above themselves. Therefore, people in this stage would have two views on the aforementioned example of the man and the medicine. They would say, the man should steal it, to help his wife, or the man shouldn’t steal it, to help the doctor and make sure the medicine could be bought fairly. Analyzing these two options, I found that I agreed with neither. I then tried to place myself in the final stage, stage six, The Universal Ethical Principle Orientation. Kohlberg’s definition for this stage is lacking severely due to the fact that there are simply not enough people at this level to form a definite conclusion. However, he formulated this basic guideline for stage 6. He believed the last stage is based on respect for universal principle and the demands of individual conscience. To try and fit myself into this category I stated my exact opinion of what the man should do. Because the question asks for my opinion, I put myself in the man’s place. I know that if I marry someone, I would have done so because I truly love her. She would give me happiness, enjoyment, and love in return. These things are something that all human beings desire. These are the things that human beings live for. So I would steal the medicine to secure these desires. I would steal it in an instant, not for my wife, but for myself. The meaning of life is the general idea that all of the books we have read this semester have been describing. It is the idea of obtaining one’s desires. The bible tries to explain how we came to be, and serves as a reliable guideline on how to reach pure happiness, or heaven. Plato tried to create a city that would cater to man’s desire for possessions, or greed, but do it justly and fair. Alberti wrote about two of mans most popular desires, money, and family, similar to Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare writes about men’s need for money, love, power, and their dedication to culture. Augustine’s idea of two cities, the City of Man, and the City of God, can be looked at as the City of despair (word to describe the opposite of happiness) and the City of Happiness, respectively.
 

Philosoft

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Reads reasonably well. I would ditch the value judgments like, "The simple minds of my peers..." It should be enough that you place them in Stage One. You might also try to avoid passive-voice constructions like, "Such outrageous answers were being spat out by one after another." Make sure to capitalize "Bible." Instead of "To try and..." use "to try to..."

Antonyms of "happiness" - despondency, hopelessness, ill-content - though "despair" seems like a perfectly acceptable word.
 
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burrow_owl

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what Philosoft said about 'peers.'

Despair is actually quite a nice word for the purpose, and all the more so because of its existentialist resonances.

Kohlberg’s definition for this stage is lacking severely due to the fact that there are simply not enough people at this level to form a definite conclusion.
Seems odd to me; he was an empirical psychologist or something? Interesting.
 
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burrow_owl

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I looked at some stuff about this Kohlberg fellow really quickly - anyone with decent familiarity with philosophy reads the description of the stage 6 and bells start going off: what Kohlberg is getting at is an old political philosophy saw that really gets going with Hegel, the idea being that it's an ideal society in which the individual is fully integrated with the society such that what's good for the individual is good for the society is good for the individual etc. It's a society in which the individual fully becomes himself, or is self-actualized through the mediation of the culture. In other words, I can only become me through my interactions with others. Kind of paradoxical, which is probably why Kohlberg analytically struggled with it.

The only reason I'm expositing so much is because it makes your thesis about stage 6 as city of God eminently plausible and right on track, since the City of God is one of those Hegelian utopias where the Word works by reintegrating the individual and the society, or the Particular and the General, and reconciles the tension between them. I'd bet City of God is rife with the language of reconciliation, with seems to be the basis of the 'sixth state' (I just started rereading Confessions, so I can well imagine that Augustine would be somewhat obsessed with the transformative power of the Word to take our individuating desires [it's only through his desire that he becomes apart from God and properly individual] and harmonize them with the external world. Augustine can't eliminate his desire, but if desire is fundamentally individuating, how can they reconciled with the ethical commands of the Bible? By the transformative power of the Word. Man, now I wish I were writing your paper.

Good thesis, and sorry for babbling (I've got my own paper to write, so I'm riding the procrastination train....)
 
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Fr0st2k

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burrow owl if you want to write it go ahead =P but anyway thanks alot for the feedback, i understand the peer thing, i was just walking back from class thinking about some of the answers they were giving me and i was getting ****ed off, and it made me write my intro with that included. About stage 6, i reread it and understood it to mean almost the same thing. and i was wondering if i could qoute some of you guys if you dont mind? keep feedback coming, this is a stretch, and i dont expect anyone to do this, but if you want to try and relate some other books to this the intro itd be really helpful. i love to listen to others opinions and the more i hear the easier it is to make my opinion more concrete and ...well smarter

thanks again
 
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vajradhara

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Namaste all,


from what i recall, Stage 6 has never been observed during the clinical trials. generally speaking, it's dropped from the Moral Development Heirarchy.. though i have seen it included in some cases.
 
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