Note: If you want to debate this issue, please read through this commentary or just about enough to grasp the meaning of this thread. Thank you!
Here's a thought, mainstream Christian doctrine teaches that the Torah was only given to Israel, yet, they say that Yeshua freed them from the Israelite Torah. How could Yeshua free them from something that was not for them to begin with unless it was theirs to begin with?
Exodus 12:38 KJV - "And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle."
There was a mixed multitude, which included Egyptians, that went with Israel when they departed from Egypt.
Leviticus 24:10-11 KJV - "And the son of an Israelitish woman, whose father was an Egyptian, went out among the children of Israel: and this son of the Israelitish woman and a man of Israel strove together in the camp; And the Israelitish woman's son blasphemed the name of the LORD, and cursed. And they brought him unto Moses: (and his mother's name was Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan)"
If the Torah was meant only for the native Israelites (as taught in mainstream Christianity) then why does YHWH include people who were not native Israelites that kept the Torah by bringing the blaspheming son to Moses? Why would an Egyptian keep the Torah?
Exodus 12:49 KJV - "One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you."
Leviticus 19:34 KJV - "But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God."
Leviticus 24:22 KJV - "Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for one of your own country: for I am the LORD your God."
Numbers 9:14 KJV - "And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover unto the LORD; according to the ordinance of the passover, and according to the manner thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one ordinance, both for the stranger, and for him that was born in the land."
Numbers 15:15-16 KJV - "One ordinance shall be both for you of the congregation, and also for the stranger that sojourneth with you, an ordinance for ever in your generations: as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the LORD. One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you."
The mixed multitude will have the same law as the homeborn or native Israelite. No matter what race, ethnicity, or nationality the mixed multitude was, they were held to the same law as the native Israelite. They were even considered the same as a native Israelite.
Exodus 19:5-8 KJV - "Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth is mine: And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel. And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him. And all the people answered together, and said, All that the LORD hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people unto the LORD."
1 Peter 2:9 KJV - "But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:"
YHWH is telling Israel (remember, which included the mixed multitude) that they must keep his covenant, that they will be a treasure, a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation. The people said they would would follow all the things YHWH had spoken to them, making a covenant with Him which included the mixed multitude and native Israelites alike. This shows to us that Israel was not just the native born, but also those from other nations and cultures.
Romans 11:20 KJV - "Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by faith. Be not highminded, but fear:"
Romans 11:23-24 KJV - "And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be graffed in: for God is able to graff them in again. For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree?"
This verse refers to the Jews that do not believe in Yeshua HaMashiach. If they will accept Him, they can be grafted in again to their own olive tree since they were broken off (Rom 11:20). So we see that belief in Yeshua is what determines us being in the olive tree. And what is the olive tree? It is Israel because those who were broken off because of unbelief were the Jews. So that must mean they were broken off from Israel, their own olive tree.
But there’s a problem… how could they know what tribe they were from or apart of? Here’s the answer.
Ezekiel 47:21-23 KJV - "So shall ye divide this land unto you according to the tribes of Israel. And it shall come to pass, that ye shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that sojourn among you, which shall beget children among you: and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the children of Israel; they shall have inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. And it shall come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger sojourneth, there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord GOD."
Whatever tribe that the mixed multitude resided in, that would be their tribe. They would assimilate themselves within in it and have an inheritance of that tribe.
Ephesians 2:11-13 KJV - "Wherefore remember, that ye being in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the Circumcision in the flesh made by hands; That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world: But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ."
Ephesians 2:18-19 KJV - "For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father. Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God;"
Ephesians 3:6 KJV - "That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel:"
Galatians 3:7 KJV - "Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham."
Galatians 3:14 KJV - "That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith."
Galatians 3:26 KJV - "For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus."
Galatians 3:28-29 KJV - "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise."
We were Gentiles without Mashiach, hope, covenant, and YHWH. We were estranged from the commonwealth of Israel because we did not have faith in Yeshua. But we are now brought near to Israel due to the sacrificial offering of Yeshua HaMashiach. We are now the Commonwealth of Israel and the seed of Abraham through Mashiach, we should not divide each other into the Jewish believers and the Gentile believers in Yeshua. We are now one body, one mind, one assembly, and one congregation according to the promise to Abraham, we have access to the Spirit of YHWH, and we are now of the house of YHWH.
Acts 10:28 KJV - "And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean."
Acts 10:35 KJV - "But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.”
Relating to Galatians 3:28-29, back in the time of the apostles, there was a tradition that would separate the Jews from the Gentiles which is contrary to the idea of the mixed multitude assimilating themselves into Israel. How can YHWH give a law that separates them, yet he assimilated them into Israel? Therefore, it was not a commandment based on Torah, but on the traditions of men. YHWH also showed Peter how he should not call any man, which is referring to the Gentiles that believe in him, (Acts 10:35) unclean or uncommon because YHWH has accepted him into Israel. Therefore that Gentile would not be considered a Gentile in the eyes of YHWH, but only in the eyes of man.
Ruth 1:16 KJV - "And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God:"
Matthew 1:5-6, 16 KJV - "And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse; And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias; ... And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ."
Infact, Ruth was a Moabite that became an Israelite because of her faith and trust in YHWH, not because of her lineage, race, ethnicity, or nationality. Rahab, along with Ruth, was also an ancestor of King David and Yeshua. Weren’t they considered Israel? How can a Moabite woman and a woman from Jericho be the foremothers of an Israelite King and an Israelite Messiah? Well, because they were assimilated into Israel and considered to be native born Israelites. The concept of Gentiles joining Israel is not a new one, but it is only a reiteration in the Greek Scriptures what has already been established since the days of Moses.
John 8:41-44 KJV - "Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me. Why do ye not understand my speech? even because ye cannot hear my word. Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it."
Romans 9:6 KJV - "Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:"
Hebrews 3:14-19 KJV - "For we are made partakers of Christ, if we hold the beginning of our confidence stedfast unto the end; While it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation. For some, when they had heard, did provoke: howbeit not all that came out of Egypt by Moses. But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness? And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not? So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief."
The Jews that Yeshua was speaking to in John 8:41-44 claimed that YHWH was their father, and even mocked Yeshua by implying that he was born of fornication to nullify his sonship to YHWH. Yeshua tells them that their father was Satan and not YHWH. Some people who are directly descended from Israel are not considered Israel. So we see here, that the bloodline Jews the Yeshua was speaking to were not Israel due to their unbelief. This sounds familiar… just like in Romans 11:20-24 and Romans 11:20 which talk about the Jews being broken off the olive branch due to their unbelief. The only way for them to join back into that olive branch is to believe in Yeshua.
Hebrews 4:1-2 KJV - "Let us therefore fear, lest, a promise being left us of entering into his rest, any of you should seem to come short of it. For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them: but the word preached did not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that heard it."
James 2:21-24 KJV - "Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar? Seest thou how faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect? And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend of God. Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only."
Does this mean that once you believe in Yeshua and become an Israelite you have to keep the Torah? Yes, because Exodus 12:49, Leviticus 19:34, Leviticus 24:22, Numbers 9:14, and Numbers 15:15-16, state that there is one law for the mixed multitude and for Israel. And once you become Israel, you are now required to do the Torah. How does this make sense? Well, how does one become of Israel? You become of Israel through belief in Yeshua HaMashiach as seen in former verses. Therefore, all those laws now apply to you if you are grafted into Israel. Does this mean the the Torah can save us? No, not at all. We do the Torah because YHWH commanded us to at Mt. Horeb and we agreed to the terms of the covenant in Exodus 19:5-8. Works are the evidence of faith, not faith itself. We must combine them, not emphasize one over the other.
One might ask, “But I did not agree to the terms of the covenant and was not there at Mt. Horeb, how can I be held accountable to the Torah and the covenant?”
Deuteronomy 29:14-15 KJV - "Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath; But with him that standeth here with us this day before the LORD our God, and also with him that is not here with us this day:"
In Deuteronomy 29:14-15, YHWH makes the covenant also with those who were not there at the reception of the Torah, so if you are Israel, you are apart of the covenant. Technically, the Torah is only for Israel and not for the other nations. But if someone from another nation wishes to believe in Yeshua, or join Israel, they are now grafted into Israel just like Ruth, Rahab, and Cornelius and are expected to keep the covenant and the Torah. Since there is only one body, Israel and the “church” or congregation are the same entities. Infact, the Hebrew word “qahal” (and numerous other words) means assembly or congregation while the Greek word “ekklēsia” means assembly or congregation. So they both mean the exact same thing.
Acts 7:38 KJV - "This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:"
Even Stephen calls Israel the “church”. The Greek word used here is ekklēsia which is what Israel is referred to as.

Here's a thought, mainstream Christian doctrine teaches that the Torah was only given to Israel, yet, they say that Yeshua freed them from the Israelite Torah. How could Yeshua free them from something that was not for them to begin with unless it was theirs to begin with?
Exodus 12:38 KJV - "And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle."
There was a mixed multitude, which included Egyptians, that went with Israel when they departed from Egypt.
Leviticus 24:10-11 KJV - "And the son of an Israelitish woman, whose father was an Egyptian, went out among the children of Israel: and this son of the Israelitish woman and a man of Israel strove together in the camp; And the Israelitish woman's son blasphemed the name of the LORD, and cursed. And they brought him unto Moses: (and his mother's name was Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan)"
If the Torah was meant only for the native Israelites (as taught in mainstream Christianity) then why does YHWH include people who were not native Israelites that kept the Torah by bringing the blaspheming son to Moses? Why would an Egyptian keep the Torah?
Exodus 12:49 KJV - "One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you."
Leviticus 19:34 KJV - "But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God."
Leviticus 24:22 KJV - "Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for one of your own country: for I am the LORD your God."
Numbers 9:14 KJV - "And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover unto the LORD; according to the ordinance of the passover, and according to the manner thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one ordinance, both for the stranger, and for him that was born in the land."
Numbers 15:15-16 KJV - "One ordinance shall be both for you of the congregation, and also for the stranger that sojourneth with you, an ordinance for ever in your generations: as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the LORD. One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you."
The mixed multitude will have the same law as the homeborn or native Israelite. No matter what race, ethnicity, or nationality the mixed multitude was, they were held to the same law as the native Israelite. They were even considered the same as a native Israelite.
Exodus 19:5-8 KJV - "Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth is mine: And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel. And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him. And all the people answered together, and said, All that the LORD hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people unto the LORD."
1 Peter 2:9 KJV - "But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light:"
YHWH is telling Israel (remember, which included the mixed multitude) that they must keep his covenant, that they will be a treasure, a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation. The people said they would would follow all the things YHWH had spoken to them, making a covenant with Him which included the mixed multitude and native Israelites alike. This shows to us that Israel was not just the native born, but also those from other nations and cultures.
Romans 11:20 KJV - "Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by faith. Be not highminded, but fear:"
Romans 11:23-24 KJV - "And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be graffed in: for God is able to graff them in again. For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree?"
This verse refers to the Jews that do not believe in Yeshua HaMashiach. If they will accept Him, they can be grafted in again to their own olive tree since they were broken off (Rom 11:20). So we see that belief in Yeshua is what determines us being in the olive tree. And what is the olive tree? It is Israel because those who were broken off because of unbelief were the Jews. So that must mean they were broken off from Israel, their own olive tree.
But there’s a problem… how could they know what tribe they were from or apart of? Here’s the answer.
Ezekiel 47:21-23 KJV - "So shall ye divide this land unto you according to the tribes of Israel. And it shall come to pass, that ye shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that sojourn among you, which shall beget children among you: and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the children of Israel; they shall have inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. And it shall come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger sojourneth, there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord GOD."
Whatever tribe that the mixed multitude resided in, that would be their tribe. They would assimilate themselves within in it and have an inheritance of that tribe.
Ephesians 2:11-13 KJV - "Wherefore remember, that ye being in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the Circumcision in the flesh made by hands; That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world: But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ."
Ephesians 2:18-19 KJV - "For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father. Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God;"
Ephesians 3:6 KJV - "That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel:"
Galatians 3:7 KJV - "Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham."
Galatians 3:14 KJV - "That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith."
Galatians 3:26 KJV - "For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus."
Galatians 3:28-29 KJV - "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise."
We were Gentiles without Mashiach, hope, covenant, and YHWH. We were estranged from the commonwealth of Israel because we did not have faith in Yeshua. But we are now brought near to Israel due to the sacrificial offering of Yeshua HaMashiach. We are now the Commonwealth of Israel and the seed of Abraham through Mashiach, we should not divide each other into the Jewish believers and the Gentile believers in Yeshua. We are now one body, one mind, one assembly, and one congregation according to the promise to Abraham, we have access to the Spirit of YHWH, and we are now of the house of YHWH.
Acts 10:28 KJV - "And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean."
Acts 10:35 KJV - "But in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.”
Relating to Galatians 3:28-29, back in the time of the apostles, there was a tradition that would separate the Jews from the Gentiles which is contrary to the idea of the mixed multitude assimilating themselves into Israel. How can YHWH give a law that separates them, yet he assimilated them into Israel? Therefore, it was not a commandment based on Torah, but on the traditions of men. YHWH also showed Peter how he should not call any man, which is referring to the Gentiles that believe in him, (Acts 10:35) unclean or uncommon because YHWH has accepted him into Israel. Therefore that Gentile would not be considered a Gentile in the eyes of YHWH, but only in the eyes of man.
Ruth 1:16 KJV - "And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God:"
Matthew 1:5-6, 16 KJV - "And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse; And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias; ... And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ."
Infact, Ruth was a Moabite that became an Israelite because of her faith and trust in YHWH, not because of her lineage, race, ethnicity, or nationality. Rahab, along with Ruth, was also an ancestor of King David and Yeshua. Weren’t they considered Israel? How can a Moabite woman and a woman from Jericho be the foremothers of an Israelite King and an Israelite Messiah? Well, because they were assimilated into Israel and considered to be native born Israelites. The concept of Gentiles joining Israel is not a new one, but it is only a reiteration in the Greek Scriptures what has already been established since the days of Moses.
John 8:41-44 KJV - "Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me. Why do ye not understand my speech? even because ye cannot hear my word. Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it."
Romans 9:6 KJV - "Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel:"
Hebrews 3:14-19 KJV - "For we are made partakers of Christ, if we hold the beginning of our confidence stedfast unto the end; While it is said, To day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation. For some, when they had heard, did provoke: howbeit not all that came out of Egypt by Moses. But with whom was he grieved forty years? was it not with them that had sinned, whose carcases fell in the wilderness? And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not? So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief."
The Jews that Yeshua was speaking to in John 8:41-44 claimed that YHWH was their father, and even mocked Yeshua by implying that he was born of fornication to nullify his sonship to YHWH. Yeshua tells them that their father was Satan and not YHWH. Some people who are directly descended from Israel are not considered Israel. So we see here, that the bloodline Jews the Yeshua was speaking to were not Israel due to their unbelief. This sounds familiar… just like in Romans 11:20-24 and Romans 11:20 which talk about the Jews being broken off the olive branch due to their unbelief. The only way for them to join back into that olive branch is to believe in Yeshua.
Hebrews 4:1-2 KJV - "Let us therefore fear, lest, a promise being left us of entering into his rest, any of you should seem to come short of it. For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them: but the word preached did not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that heard it."
James 2:21-24 KJV - "Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar? Seest thou how faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect? And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend of God. Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only."
Does this mean that once you believe in Yeshua and become an Israelite you have to keep the Torah? Yes, because Exodus 12:49, Leviticus 19:34, Leviticus 24:22, Numbers 9:14, and Numbers 15:15-16, state that there is one law for the mixed multitude and for Israel. And once you become Israel, you are now required to do the Torah. How does this make sense? Well, how does one become of Israel? You become of Israel through belief in Yeshua HaMashiach as seen in former verses. Therefore, all those laws now apply to you if you are grafted into Israel. Does this mean the the Torah can save us? No, not at all. We do the Torah because YHWH commanded us to at Mt. Horeb and we agreed to the terms of the covenant in Exodus 19:5-8. Works are the evidence of faith, not faith itself. We must combine them, not emphasize one over the other.
One might ask, “But I did not agree to the terms of the covenant and was not there at Mt. Horeb, how can I be held accountable to the Torah and the covenant?”
Deuteronomy 29:14-15 KJV - "Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath; But with him that standeth here with us this day before the LORD our God, and also with him that is not here with us this day:"
In Deuteronomy 29:14-15, YHWH makes the covenant also with those who were not there at the reception of the Torah, so if you are Israel, you are apart of the covenant. Technically, the Torah is only for Israel and not for the other nations. But if someone from another nation wishes to believe in Yeshua, or join Israel, they are now grafted into Israel just like Ruth, Rahab, and Cornelius and are expected to keep the covenant and the Torah. Since there is only one body, Israel and the “church” or congregation are the same entities. Infact, the Hebrew word “qahal” (and numerous other words) means assembly or congregation while the Greek word “ekklēsia” means assembly or congregation. So they both mean the exact same thing.
Acts 7:38 KJV - "This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:"
Even Stephen calls Israel the “church”. The Greek word used here is ekklēsia which is what Israel is referred to as.