- Nov 2, 2020
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First of all I would like to talk about the situation in wich the council took place, and for that I would need to mention some things about the Roman Empire
The Tetrarchy is the term adopted to describe the system of government of the ancient Roman Empire instituted by Roman EmperorDiocletian in 293, marking the end of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the Roman Empire. The government of the empire was divided between the two senior emperors, the augusti, and their juniors and designated successors, the caesares
The Edict of Toleration
The Edict of Serdica, also called Edict of Toleration by Galerius, was issued in 311 in Serdica (now Sofia, Bulgaria) by Roman EmperorGalerius. It officially ended the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity in the East.
The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of religio licita, a worship that was recognized and accepted by the Roman Empire
On February 23, 303, on the Terminalia feast, Emperor Diocletian, on proposal of Galerius, issued a persecutory edict. The edict prescribed:
In 305, Diocletian abdicated and was replaced by Galerius, his successor, who continued persecution in the East until 311, when he granted Christians forgiveness, freedom of worship and (implicitly) the status of religio licita
The Edict of Milan
The Edict of Milan was the February AD 313 agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire. Western Roman Emperor Constantine I and Emperor Licinius, who controlled the Balkans, met in Mediolanum (modern-day Milan) and, among other things, agreed to change policies towards Christians following the Edict of Toleration issued by Emperor Galerius two years earlier in Serdica. The Edict of Milan gave Christianity legal status and a reprieve from persecution but did not make it the state church of the Roman Empire. That occurred in AD 380 with the Edict of Thessalonica
Diocletian: 1 May 286 - 1 May 305 AD
Galerius: 1 May 305 - May 311 AD
Constantine I: 25 July 306 - 22 May 337 AD
Licinius: 11 Nov 308 - 19 Sept 324 AD
The Edict of Thessalnica
The Edict of Thessalonica, issued on 27 February AD 380 by three reigning Roman Emperors, made Nicene Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire. It condemned ancient pluralistic spiritual tradition along with other Christian creeds such as Arianism as heresies of madmen, and authorized their persecution
Theodosius: 19 Jan 379 - 17 Jan 395 AD
Gratian : 24 Aug 367 - 17 Nov 375 - 25 Aug 383 AD
Valentinian II: 22 Nov 375 - 15 May 392 AD
The First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman EmperorConstantine I in AD 325
Constantine had invited all 1,800 bishops of the Christian church within the Roman Empire (about 1,000 in the east and 800 in the west), but a smaller and unknown number attended. Eusebius of Caesarea counted more than 250, Athanasius of Alexandria counted 318, and Eustathius of Antioch estimated "about 270" (all three were present at the Council). Later, Socrates Scholasticus recorded more than 300, and Evagrius, Hilary of Poitiers, Jerome, Dionysius Exiguus, and Rufinus recorded 318. This number 318 is preserved in the liturgies of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Other remarkable attendees were Eusebius of Nicomedia; Eusebius of Caesarea, the purported first church historian; circumstances suggest that Nicholas of Myra attended (his life was the seed of the Santa Claus legends); Macarius of Jerusalem, later a staunch defender of Athanasius; Aristaces of Armenia (son of Saint Gregory the Illuminator); Leontius of Caesarea; Jacob of Nisibis, a former hermit; Hypatius of Gangra; Protogenes of Sardica; Melitius of Sebastopolis; Achilleus of Larissa (considered the Athanasius of Thessaly); and Spyridion of Trimythous, who even while a bishop made his living as a shepherd. From foreign places came John, bishop of Persia and India, Theophilus, a Gothic bishop, and Stratophilus, bishop of Pitiunt in Georgia.
The Latin-speaking provinces sent at least five representatives: Marcus of Calabria from Italia, Cecilian of Carthage from Africa, Hosius of Córdoba from Hispania, Nicasius of Die from Gaul, and Domnus of Sirmium from the province of the Danube.
Now, since there are many christian bishop mentioned above and considering that the christian were persecuted on those I would like to study how those priests were named bishops of each of the cities mentioned here.
For me it is a very surprising that being persecuted they could be name bishops. So let me study some of them and I will tell you in another issue.
The Tetrarchy is the term adopted to describe the system of government of the ancient Roman Empire instituted by Roman EmperorDiocletian in 293, marking the end of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the Roman Empire. The government of the empire was divided between the two senior emperors, the augusti, and their juniors and designated successors, the caesares
The Edict of Toleration
The Edict of Serdica, also called Edict of Toleration by Galerius, was issued in 311 in Serdica (now Sofia, Bulgaria) by Roman EmperorGalerius. It officially ended the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity in the East.
The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of religio licita, a worship that was recognized and accepted by the Roman Empire
On February 23, 303, on the Terminalia feast, Emperor Diocletian, on proposal of Galerius, issued a persecutory edict. The edict prescribed:
- Destroying churches and burning the Holy Scriptures
- Confiscation of church property
- Banning Christians from undertaking collective legal action
- Loss of privileges for Christians of high rank who refused to recant
- Arresting some state officials.
In 305, Diocletian abdicated and was replaced by Galerius, his successor, who continued persecution in the East until 311, when he granted Christians forgiveness, freedom of worship and (implicitly) the status of religio licita
The Edict of Milan
The Edict of Milan was the February AD 313 agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire. Western Roman Emperor Constantine I and Emperor Licinius, who controlled the Balkans, met in Mediolanum (modern-day Milan) and, among other things, agreed to change policies towards Christians following the Edict of Toleration issued by Emperor Galerius two years earlier in Serdica. The Edict of Milan gave Christianity legal status and a reprieve from persecution but did not make it the state church of the Roman Empire. That occurred in AD 380 with the Edict of Thessalonica
Diocletian: 1 May 286 - 1 May 305 AD
Galerius: 1 May 305 - May 311 AD
Constantine I: 25 July 306 - 22 May 337 AD
Licinius: 11 Nov 308 - 19 Sept 324 AD
The Edict of Thessalnica
The Edict of Thessalonica, issued on 27 February AD 380 by three reigning Roman Emperors, made Nicene Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire. It condemned ancient pluralistic spiritual tradition along with other Christian creeds such as Arianism as heresies of madmen, and authorized their persecution
Theodosius: 19 Jan 379 - 17 Jan 395 AD
Gratian : 24 Aug 367 - 17 Nov 375 - 25 Aug 383 AD
Valentinian II: 22 Nov 375 - 15 May 392 AD
The First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman EmperorConstantine I in AD 325
Constantine had invited all 1,800 bishops of the Christian church within the Roman Empire (about 1,000 in the east and 800 in the west), but a smaller and unknown number attended. Eusebius of Caesarea counted more than 250, Athanasius of Alexandria counted 318, and Eustathius of Antioch estimated "about 270" (all three were present at the Council). Later, Socrates Scholasticus recorded more than 300, and Evagrius, Hilary of Poitiers, Jerome, Dionysius Exiguus, and Rufinus recorded 318. This number 318 is preserved in the liturgies of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Other remarkable attendees were Eusebius of Nicomedia; Eusebius of Caesarea, the purported first church historian; circumstances suggest that Nicholas of Myra attended (his life was the seed of the Santa Claus legends); Macarius of Jerusalem, later a staunch defender of Athanasius; Aristaces of Armenia (son of Saint Gregory the Illuminator); Leontius of Caesarea; Jacob of Nisibis, a former hermit; Hypatius of Gangra; Protogenes of Sardica; Melitius of Sebastopolis; Achilleus of Larissa (considered the Athanasius of Thessaly); and Spyridion of Trimythous, who even while a bishop made his living as a shepherd. From foreign places came John, bishop of Persia and India, Theophilus, a Gothic bishop, and Stratophilus, bishop of Pitiunt in Georgia.
The Latin-speaking provinces sent at least five representatives: Marcus of Calabria from Italia, Cecilian of Carthage from Africa, Hosius of Córdoba from Hispania, Nicasius of Die from Gaul, and Domnus of Sirmium from the province of the Danube.
Now, since there are many christian bishop mentioned above and considering that the christian were persecuted on those I would like to study how those priests were named bishops of each of the cities mentioned here.
For me it is a very surprising that being persecuted they could be name bishops. So let me study some of them and I will tell you in another issue.
