My avatar is Pen Pen (Pen^2) from Neon Genesis Evangleion. He's sort of the animal mascot of the series.
Those are kind of tough. As far as the FMA logo goes, I know what you are talking about, but since I havn't really watched the series yet, I don't really know. I asked a friend of mine who does watch it, and he says that he hasn't seen that symbol identified in the series (at least not what he has seen. I'm not sure if he saw the whole thing or not). I did a brief search myself on the web, but I couln't find that symbol either.
As far as the Naruto forehead protector question, that is supposed to be the symbol for leaf (since Konoha is the Hidden Village of the Leaf). As for the Japanese name for the forehead protector itself, I can't remember off the top of my head.
We aren't allowed to post links to sites that allow downloads of liscensed material. Since I don't use IM or anything like it anymore, I'll have to see if I can come up with another way to get it to you.