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<blockquote data-quote="Heart2Soul" data-source="post: 75376624" data-attributes="member: 402415"><p>I am not referring to when they became independent.....I reference their existence as an established colony with a government....bottom line they existed before the U.S. became a nation governed by the people and for the people. </p><p>The U.S.</p><p><strong>The first colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607</strong>. Many of the people who settled in the New World came to escape religious persecution. The Pilgrims, founders of Plymouth, Massachusetts, arrived in <strong>1620</strong>. In both Virginia and Massachusetts, the colonists flourished with some assistance from Native Americans.</p><p>Canada</p><p>The two European countries who were most present in <strong>Canada</strong> were Britain and France. These two countries explored, claimed lands and fought over various places in North <strong>America</strong>. They then established colonies in the land. <strong>The first colony to be established was the colony of Canada, established by France in 1535.</strong></p><p>South America</p><p>The first evidence for the existence of the human race in South America dates back to about 9000 BC, when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_(plant)" target="_blank">squashes</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper" target="_blank">chili peppers</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean" target="_blank">beans</a> began to be cultivated for food in the highlands of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Basin" target="_blank">Amazon Basin</a>. Pottery evidence further suggests that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manioc" target="_blank">manioc</a>, which remains a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_food" target="_blank">staple food</a> today, was being cultivated as early as 2000 BC.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America#cite_note-OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas-29" target="_blank">[26]</a></p><p></p><p>By 2000 BC, many <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrarian_society" target="_blank">agrarian</a> communities had been settled throughout the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andes" target="_blank">Andes</a> and the surrounding regions. Fishing became a widespread practice along the coast, helping establish fish as a primary source of food. Irrigation systems were also developed at this time, which aided in the rise of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrarian_society" target="_blank">agrarian society</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America#cite_note-OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas-29" target="_blank">[26]</a></p><p></p><p>South American cultures began domesticating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama" target="_blank">llamas</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" target="_blank">vicuñas</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanaco" target="_blank">guanacos</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca" target="_blank">alpacas</a> in the highlands of the Andes circa 3500 BC. Besides their use as sources of meat and wool, these animals were used for transportation of goods.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America#cite_note-OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas-29" target="_blank">[26]</a></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong>Pre-Columbian civilizations[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_America&action=edit&section=6" target="_blank">edit</a>]</strong></span></p><p>Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era#South_America" target="_blank">Pre-Columbian era § South America</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Machu_Picchu,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-30,_DD_39.JPG" target="_blank"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Machu_Picchu%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-30%2C_DD_39.JPG/220px-Machu_Picchu%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-30%2C_DD_39.JPG" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p>The Inca estate of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machu_Picchu" target="_blank">Machu Picchu</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" target="_blank">Peru</a> is one of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Seven_Wonders_of_the_World#Winners" target="_blank">New Seven Wonders of the World</a>.</p><p>The rise of plant growing and the subsequent appearance of permanent human settlements allowed for the multiple and overlapping beginnings of civilizations in South America.</p><p></p><p>One of the earliest known South American civilizations was at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization" target="_blank">Norte Chico</a>, on the central <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" target="_blank">Peruvian</a> coast. Though a pre-ceramic culture, the monumental architecture of Norte Chico is contemporaneous with the pyramids of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" target="_blank">Ancient Egypt</a>. Norte Chico governing class established a trade network and developed agriculture then followed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavin_culture" target="_blank">Chavín</a> by 900 BC, according to some estimates and archaeological finds. Artifacts were found at a site called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Huantar" target="_blank">Chavín de Huantar</a> in modern Peru at an elevation of 3,177 meters (10,423 ft). Chavín civilization spanned 900 BC to 300 BC.</p><p></p><p>In the central coast of Peru, around the beginning of the 1st millennium AD, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moche_(culture)" target="_blank">Moche</a> (100 BC – 700 AD, at the northern coast of Peru), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracas_culture" target="_blank">Paracas</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazca_culture" target="_blank">Nazca</a> (400 BC – 800 AD, Peru) cultures flourished with centralized states with permanent militia improving agriculture through <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation" target="_blank">irrigation</a> and new styles of ceramic art. At the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiplano" target="_blank">Altiplano</a>, Tiahuanaco or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwanaku" target="_blank">Tiwanaku</a> (100 BC – 1200 AD, Bolivia) managed a large commercial network based on religion.</p><p></p><p>Around the 7th century, both Tiahuanaco and Wari or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wari_culture" target="_blank">Huari</a> Empire (600–1200, Central and northern Peru) expanded its influence to all the Andean region, imposing the Huari urbanism and Tiahuanaco religious iconography.</p><p></p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisca_people" target="_blank">Muisca</a> were the main indigenous civilization in what is now Colombia. They established the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" target="_blank">Muisca Confederation</a> of many clans, or <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacique" target="_blank">cacicazgos</a></em>, that had a free trade network among themselves. They were goldsmiths and farmers.</p><p></p><p>Other important Pre-Columbian cultures include: the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari" target="_blank">Cañaris</a> (in south central Ecuador), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chim%C3%BA_Empire" target="_blank">Chimú Empire</a> (1300–1470, Peruvian northern coast), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachapoyas_culture" target="_blank">Chachapoyas</a>, and the Aymaran kingdoms (1000–1450, Western Bolivia and southern Peru). Holding their capital at the great city of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco" target="_blank">Cusco</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_civilization" target="_blank">Inca civilization</a> dominated the Andes region from 1438 to 1533. Known as <em>Tawantin suyu</em>, and "the land of the four regions," in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_languages" target="_blank">Quechua</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_Empire" target="_blank">Inca Empire</a> was highly distinct and developed. Inca rule extended to nearly a hundred linguistic or ethnic communities, some nine to fourteen million people connected by a 25,000 kilometer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_road_system" target="_blank">road system</a>. Cities were built with precise, unmatched stonework, constructed over many levels of mountain terrain. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_farming" target="_blank">Terrace farming</a> was a useful form of agriculture.</p><p></p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapuche" target="_blank">Mapuche</a> in Central and Southern Chile resisted the European and Chilean settlers, waging the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arauco_War" target="_blank">Arauco War</a> for more than 300 years.</p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong>European colonization[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_America&action=edit&section=7" target="_blank">edit</a>]</strong></span></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vespucci%27s_first_voyage,_from_Letter_to_Soderini.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Vespucci%27s_first_voyage%2C_from_Letter_to_Soderini.jpg/170px-Vespucci%27s_first_voyage%2C_from_Letter_to_Soderini.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p>Woodcut depicting Italian explorer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" target="_blank">Amerigo Vespucci</a>'s first voyage (1497-98) to the New World, from the first known published edition of Vespucci's 1504 letter to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_Soderini" target="_blank">Piero Soderini</a>.</p><p>Main articles: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" target="_blank">Spanish colonization of the Americas</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" target="_blank">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></p><p>In 1494, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" target="_blank">Portugal</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" target="_blank">Spain</a>, the two great maritime European powers of that time, on the expectation of new lands being discovered in the west, signed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" target="_blank">Treaty of Tordesillas</a>, by which they agreed, with the support of the Pope, that all the land outside Europe should be an exclusive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duopoly" target="_blank">duopoly</a> between the two countries.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Heart2Soul, post: 75376624, member: 402415"] I am not referring to when they became independent.....I reference their existence as an established colony with a government....bottom line they existed before the U.S. became a nation governed by the people and for the people. The U.S. [B]The first colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607[/B]. Many of the people who settled in the New World came to escape religious persecution. The Pilgrims, founders of Plymouth, Massachusetts, arrived in [B]1620[/B]. In both Virginia and Massachusetts, the colonists flourished with some assistance from Native Americans. Canada The two European countries who were most present in [B]Canada[/B] were Britain and France. These two countries explored, claimed lands and fought over various places in North [B]America[/B]. They then established colonies in the land. [B]The first colony to be established was the colony of Canada, established by France in 1535.[/B] South America The first evidence for the existence of the human race in South America dates back to about 9000 BC, when [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squash_(plant)']squashes[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper']chili peppers[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean']beans[/URL] began to be cultivated for food in the highlands of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Basin']Amazon Basin[/URL]. Pottery evidence further suggests that [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manioc']manioc[/URL], which remains a [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_food']staple food[/URL] today, was being cultivated as early as 2000 BC.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America#cite_note-OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas-29'][26][/URL] By 2000 BC, many [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrarian_society']agrarian[/URL] communities had been settled throughout the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andes']Andes[/URL] and the surrounding regions. Fishing became a widespread practice along the coast, helping establish fish as a primary source of food. Irrigation systems were also developed at this time, which aided in the rise of an [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrarian_society']agrarian society[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America#cite_note-OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas-29'][26][/URL] South American cultures began domesticating [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama']llamas[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a']vicuñas[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanaco']guanacos[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca']alpacas[/URL] in the highlands of the Andes circa 3500 BC. Besides their use as sources of meat and wool, these animals were used for transportation of goods.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America#cite_note-OBrienP-Oxford_Atlas-29'][26][/URL] [SIZE=4][B]Pre-Columbian civilizations[[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_America&action=edit§ion=6']edit[/URL]][/B][/SIZE] Main article: [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era#South_America']Pre-Columbian era § South America[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Machu_Picchu,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-30,_DD_39.JPG'][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Machu_Picchu%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-30%2C_DD_39.JPG/220px-Machu_Picchu%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-30%2C_DD_39.JPG[/IMG][/URL] The Inca estate of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machu_Picchu']Machu Picchu[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru']Peru[/URL] is one of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Seven_Wonders_of_the_World#Winners']New Seven Wonders of the World[/URL]. The rise of plant growing and the subsequent appearance of permanent human settlements allowed for the multiple and overlapping beginnings of civilizations in South America. One of the earliest known South American civilizations was at [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization']Norte Chico[/URL], on the central [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru']Peruvian[/URL] coast. Though a pre-ceramic culture, the monumental architecture of Norte Chico is contemporaneous with the pyramids of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt']Ancient Egypt[/URL]. Norte Chico governing class established a trade network and developed agriculture then followed by [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavin_culture']Chavín[/URL] by 900 BC, according to some estimates and archaeological finds. Artifacts were found at a site called [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Huantar']Chavín de Huantar[/URL] in modern Peru at an elevation of 3,177 meters (10,423 ft). Chavín civilization spanned 900 BC to 300 BC. In the central coast of Peru, around the beginning of the 1st millennium AD, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moche_(culture)']Moche[/URL] (100 BC – 700 AD, at the northern coast of Peru), [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracas_culture']Paracas[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazca_culture']Nazca[/URL] (400 BC – 800 AD, Peru) cultures flourished with centralized states with permanent militia improving agriculture through [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation']irrigation[/URL] and new styles of ceramic art. At the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altiplano']Altiplano[/URL], Tiahuanaco or [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwanaku']Tiwanaku[/URL] (100 BC – 1200 AD, Bolivia) managed a large commercial network based on religion. Around the 7th century, both Tiahuanaco and Wari or [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wari_culture']Huari[/URL] Empire (600–1200, Central and northern Peru) expanded its influence to all the Andean region, imposing the Huari urbanism and Tiahuanaco religious iconography. The [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisca_people']Muisca[/URL] were the main indigenous civilization in what is now Colombia. They established the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisca_Confederation']Muisca Confederation[/URL] of many clans, or [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacique']cacicazgos[/URL][/I], that had a free trade network among themselves. They were goldsmiths and farmers. Other important Pre-Columbian cultures include: the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari']Cañaris[/URL] (in south central Ecuador), [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chim%C3%BA_Empire']Chimú Empire[/URL] (1300–1470, Peruvian northern coast), [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachapoyas_culture']Chachapoyas[/URL], and the Aymaran kingdoms (1000–1450, Western Bolivia and southern Peru). Holding their capital at the great city of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco']Cusco[/URL], the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_civilization']Inca civilization[/URL] dominated the Andes region from 1438 to 1533. Known as [I]Tawantin suyu[/I], and "the land of the four regions," in [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_languages']Quechua[/URL], the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_Empire']Inca Empire[/URL] was highly distinct and developed. Inca rule extended to nearly a hundred linguistic or ethnic communities, some nine to fourteen million people connected by a 25,000 kilometer [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_road_system']road system[/URL]. Cities were built with precise, unmatched stonework, constructed over many levels of mountain terrain. [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_farming']Terrace farming[/URL] was a useful form of agriculture. The [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapuche']Mapuche[/URL] in Central and Southern Chile resisted the European and Chilean settlers, waging the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arauco_War']Arauco War[/URL] for more than 300 years. [SIZE=4][B]European colonization[[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_America&action=edit§ion=7']edit[/URL]][/B][/SIZE] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vespucci%27s_first_voyage,_from_Letter_to_Soderini.jpg'][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Vespucci%27s_first_voyage%2C_from_Letter_to_Soderini.jpg/170px-Vespucci%27s_first_voyage%2C_from_Letter_to_Soderini.jpg[/IMG][/URL] Woodcut depicting Italian explorer [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci']Amerigo Vespucci[/URL]'s first voyage (1497-98) to the New World, from the first known published edition of Vespucci's 1504 letter to [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_Soderini']Piero Soderini[/URL]. Main articles: [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas']Spanish colonization of the Americas[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas']Portuguese colonization of the Americas[/URL] In 1494, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal']Portugal[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain']Spain[/URL], the two great maritime European powers of that time, on the expectation of new lands being discovered in the west, signed the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas']Treaty of Tordesillas[/URL], by which they agreed, with the support of the Pope, that all the land outside Europe should be an exclusive [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duopoly']duopoly[/URL] between the two countries. [/QUOTE]
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