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The issue of divorce is a big one today. Once quite rare, societys attitudes have changed and the rate of divorce in Christian marriages is getting closer to that of the general population. The failure rate of divorce has led to an increasing scepticism of marriage itself. Many people just dont bother, and simply chose to move in with each other. For many younger people, the undermining of marriage has contributed to more accepting attitudes towards pre marital sex.
There is still much guilt attached to divorce. Christians struggle with biblical teaching that severely limits the grounds for divorce. Then there is the issue of remarriage, which for many people faced with traditional teaching, feel they are left with little choice, and drop out from their churches. There are real issues facing marriages where there is harmful abuse, yet scripture does not seem to cover such situations.
Here I have amended a previous post so that it is more relevant to the discussions that have been taking place recently on this troubled matter. I trust that it will be helpful. This information is presented within the framework that any divorce is a deviation from Gods intention. However, it is just one deviation all sin comes under that description, and we must not elevate divorce into celebrity status amongst other sins.
There is Jesus teaching about divorce. This passage in the Sermon on the Mount is an example. Matt 5:31-32 "It has been said, 'Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.' But I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, causes her to become an adulteress, and anyone who marries the divorced woman commits adultery.
It starts with Jesus quoting a common saying It has been said. In Jesus day there were two schools of thought amongst the religious leaders. One group were quite strict about divorce. The other was very liberal. A man could divorce his wife for something as petty as burning the toast (modern example). Jesus firmly corrects that liberal view by restating the old principle that marital unfaithfulness was the only biblically sanctioned ground for divorce. This recognises the special nature of sexual relationships between people a far cry from many modern attitudes.
Today, that statement has now become the basis for opposing divorce on any other ground. We must note that it occurs within the context of the Sermon on the Mount. Here, Jesus constantly compares the outwardly pious beliefs of the religious leaders with the true demands of inner righteousness that would characterise those who become part of His new kingdom. Jesus constantly affirms Gods true principles, which in those verses is marriage.
Elsewhere Jesus again dealt with divorce and remarriage. Matt 19:3-9 Some Pharisees came to him to test him. They asked, "Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any and every reason?" "Haven't you read," he replied, "that at the beginning the Creator 'made them male and female,' and said, 'For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh'? So they are no longer two, but one. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate." "Why then," they asked, "did Moses command that a man give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?" Jesus replied, "Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning. I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery."
Again, we see in the words expressed for any reason the liberal view. Jesus rebuts that position by referring to the creation story- back to first principles. Then Jesus refutes their belief that, because Moses allowed for a certificate of divorce they were justified in doing the same. Jesus was pointing out to them that it was never Gods intention for marriage that it be prematurely ended.
Having said that, we must see that Jesus was not imposing a new and stricter law. Many have taken this scripture and taught that Jesus was tightening up on custom, and that only death or adultery are now grounds for divorce. That is unfortunate, as Jesus was challenging their laxity towards marriage that was commonly held by some in his day. His emphasis still hold true today. We must always see marriage within a framework of a lifelong bond between two people. Anything less does not fulfil Gods intention for marriage.
Death and adultery are valid grounds for divorce. That is clear. Having made that point we must now look at how we are to treat situations such as abusive relationships.
That Jesus was not stating a new law with even greater restrictions than under the Mosaic covenant can be inferred from the scriptures.
One ground is that Paul adds another reason, where an unbelieving partner may call the marriage off. Paul states that he received such approval from Christ, but it is interesting that Jesus did not reveal this new condition until later, when a practical issue was confronting the christian community. Can we then add other reasons, based on practical considerations, provided that we are not inconsistent with biblical principles?
I believe we can. The destruction of a person, as occurs in an abusive relationship would qualify under what Jesus taught in John 10:10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full. The destruction of another personality by an abusive partner and parent is the work of evil. Nowhere in Scripture are we told to submit ourselves to evil. Then, there are the children to consider.
Then, we must never forget children in any violent and abusive relationship. When you have counselled adults who had such childhood experiences you see what devastation those environments produce. Did Jesus really teach that children are to have their lives distorted by an insoluble marriage?
Then, if a relationship does not exhibit the loving, the intimacy (knowing) and the gentleness of mutual submission, is it a marriage at all? Has it become so unlike what God intended that it can no loner qualify as a God ordained marriage? God loves the world but he will separate Himself from unrepentant evil doers. Should we do less in a very unhealthy and destructive relationship? Separation happens because the marriage no longer exists, except as a legal entity. God divorced Israel as the nation had consistently failed to live up to the requirements of their relationship with him. Jesus never denied the hardness of heart referred to earlier as the reason for some marriages ending in divorce. He just challenged the assumption that we should accept human failure as a reason to undermine the divine intention for marriage, especially as the more liberal religious rules had done so.
Then there is the matter of a divorced and remarried person committing adultery. Jesus teaching did apply to those of the liberal school. God did not recognise their petty grounds for divorce. He was stating that deciding to marry another woman due to some minor infringement was a simple disguise to avoid the label of adultery. But God was not fooled by that, and regarded the matter for what it was. Jesus teaching on looking at a woman and lusting was addressing the same issue. Here He was in effect saying something like this If you see a woman and decide you prefer her to the wife you already have you have in fact committed adultery. Your subsequent plans to find reason to divorce your current wife, although strictly proper in your eyes, is no more than plain old adultery in Gods eyes. You continue with your outward respectability, but God has already placed His judgement on you for the low view you have taken about the marriage covenant.
If Jesus was giving us a new and stricter law, then we are obliged to spell out the details. What was the adultery? Was it the act of getting remarried and having intercourse? Then, we could just repent and get that out of the way. Or, was it every time the couple had intercourse? So, sex must always be followed by repentance, which would be somewhat hollow, as there obviously would be no intention to discontinue. It comes close to having a new, unforgivable sin.
Those are my grounds and reasons for looking at this troublesome area with compassion, yet without my having to abandon biblical principles. I affirm dearly Gods intentions for marriage, and I distance myself completely from the attitudes of many moderns. Divorce must never be the first option for either party, but only after other avenues have been tried.
However, fallen people fail in so many ways. Some marriages dont work. The Christian community needs to continue to lovingly relate to such people, bring them to a position where they can face up to the reasons and consequences for what happened, and receive acceptance within the family.
John
NZ
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