The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (1974, second edition) edited by F.L. Cross, Professor of Divinity (University of Oxford), some contributors include A.G. Dickens, Director of the Institute of Historical Research, University of London, S.L. Greenslade, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, E.O. James, Professor of the History and Philosophy of Religion, University of London, note on page 281 that “the Gospels indicate that the historical Christ claimed to be both God and Man, and from the Acts and Epistles it is clear that the earliest Christians regarded Him as such … It was only when one-sided distortions of the truth had come into being, such as … the Gnostic view that the Incarnation was purely an appearance of God, without real assumption of humanity, that the Apologists of the 2nd cent. … developed the Logos doctrine put forth in St. John (1. 1-18), contending that the Word, Who is the eternal expression of God, appeared on earth in history as Jesus Christ … ”