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mark kennedy

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TheUndeadFish said:
So what you're saying is that Origin of Species says God didn't create in a certain way, and this somehow means that God does not exist?

No, it makes the claim that life emerged from a single common ancestor (unicellular) that itself emerged from a 'warm little pond'. What he was saying is that God had nothing to do with it. Check out my signiture, the part in blue was written by his grandfather, a famous atheistic intellectual. Darwin went into the family buisness by attacking the concept of God creating life and replacing it with natural selection. Just read his introduction and he lays out his whole premise.
 
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USincognito

a post by Alan Smithee
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Yeah, that's why I was asking. This National Maritime Museum page attributes his suicide to a failure to receive a promotion.

FitzRoy committed suicide on April 30, 1865 in a fit of depression after failing to be chosen as the Chief Naval Officer in the Marine Department.

While this Mount Washington Observatory page attributes it to criticism over his work as a meteorologist.


FitzRoy's family had a history of suicide and mental illness. The previous captain of the Beagle had killed himself when FitzRoy was First Mate. And while he eventually seperated from Darwin over the issue of evolution, I'd hardly say that his particpation in the Beagle expidition led directly to his suicide.
 
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TheUndeadFish

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Am I looking at the same Origin of Species as you? I just read the introduction (and skimmed the preface for good measure). I didn't see a single common ancestor mentioned directly. God wasn't mentioned in the introduction and only briefly in the preface. What I found that most directly relates to what you're saying was this at the end of the introduction:

"Although much remains obscure, and will long remain obscure, I can entertain no doubt, after the most deliberate study and dispassionate judgement of which I am capable, that the view which most naturalists entertain, and which I formerly entertained — namely, that each species has been independently created — is erroneous. I am fully convinced that species are not immutable; but that those belonging to what are called the same genera are lineal descendants of some other and generally extinct species, in the same manner as the acknowledged varieties of any one species are the descendants of that species. Furthermore, I am convinced that Natural Selection has been the main but not exclusive means of modification."

So I suppose that passage means there was a common ancestor, and thus creation didn't happen as stated in the bible. It doesn't mention God's involvement however.

Now I must admit I haven't actaully read much of Origin of Species, and I don't have time to at the moment. So I wouldn't know if Darwin wrote something more specific about God later on. But if the rest of it is anything like what I've read so far, then I would expect Darwin not to say a whole lot about God specifically but instead to simply let the reader decide for themselves about how God was involved in evolution.

But even if Darwin does dismiss God in some way, so what?
 
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yossarian

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find the antitheistic philosophy in a pubmed article mark, its simple

 
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mark kennedy

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yossarian said:
find the antitheistic philosophy in a pubmed article mark, its simple

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They actually study genetics and medical science they don't waste their time on mythical evolutionary ancestors. That requires a philosopher like Darwin.
 
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mark kennedy

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Special creation implies a creator does it not. He does say that our origins can be traced back to a single common ancestor, one of the few illustrations is his famous tree of life. He was the first to draw it up as steming back to a single ancestor. He is credited with being the originator of the view that life arose from a purely naturalistic process, he called it natural selection. Evolution on the other hand was a common view amoung the creationists of his time, but they maintained that it was multiple common ancestors that were fully formed in history as God's 'special creation'.

So I suppose that passage means there was a common ancestor, and thus creation didn't happen as stated in the bible. It doesn't mention God's involvement however.

That's right and that is the whole point.


Well if you're interested in evolution from a single common ancestory this is the defining treatise as descent from a single common ancestor. Darwin's philosophy was blended with genetics to form the synthesis of modern biology. Over time this was put in theological terms and its now known as theistic evolution but it's identical in substance to the naturalistic assumptions of Darwin. Darwin actually says that he had lost his faith which was what motivated him to write the book in the first place. The argument throughout the book was against special creation and it became the cornerstone of evolutionary biology.
 
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Physics_guy

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Luther's writings against the Jews (that btw I have yet to see) bears no resemblence to Darwin's survival of the fittest the way Hitler's did.

No, Luther's writings (listed below) bear an extreme resemblance to Hitler's though!

Martin Luther's "The Jews and Their Lies:"

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/luther-jews.html

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/Luther_on_Jews.html

http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/luther.htm

This article links Hitler's views to Luther's:

http://www.nobeliefs.com/hitler.htm

or try this one:

http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/3616/Hitler.html

Now, should protestantism be thrown out because its founder was a anti-semitic monster?

Do you need more?

I am sorry that I assumed you chose your words dishonestly in that previous post. From my experiences with you it seemed likely. I still believe that you are taking the wrong connotations from the wording of Darwin's post and I have yet to see how Hitler's political philosophy in any way relates to Darwin's biological theory - even with you repeatedly posting the quotes. Hitler did read Darwin, as did the Social Darwinist, and try to pervert the science of the ToE for their own political purposes, just as Hitler used a perverted Christianity to come to power.
 
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Ondoher

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mark kennedy said:
They actually study genetics and medical science they don't waste their time on mythical evolutionary ancestors. That requires a philosopher like Darwin.
Separating genetics and common ancestry is not possible. Here is the abstract one article I found on pubmed discussing the last common ancestor between plants and animals.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15448184
 
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Vance

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Mark, you are still either missing the point or avoiding it. Contrary to the bolded sections, I am not talking about Christians who hold to naturalistic assumptions. There are Christians who do NOT hold naturalistic assumptions, but DO believe in evolution, including common descent. And, no, that definitional issue makes no difference to my falsification of your premise.

You are saying that these naturalistic assumptions are inextricably intertwined with a belief in evolution, or if you like, common descent. I have shown that this is false.

There are many, many Christians who falsify this premise, proving that a belief in evolution, including common descent, is NOT based on naturalistic assumptions. Therefore, since the two can exist separately (the belief without the assumption), they are not inextricably intertwined.

You have a great desire to tie the belief in common descent with something you can attack: the assumption that there is a natural, rather than supernatural, explanation for everything. Basically, an atheistic belief. Easy to attack on purely philosophical and theological grounds.

The existence of Theistic Evolutionists, who do NOT start with that assumption but still accept common descent, breaks down your entire attack against the scientific conclusions. We make it impossible for you to claim that a belief in common descent is ultimately based on philosophical naturalism rather than a simple and objective review of the available evidence.
 
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mark kennedy

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Apparently Luther had some pretty serious issues but he didn't get it from the Bible. The texts he used were taken out of context, he seems to have embraced justification by faith and forgotten the parts that say their is no difference between the Jew and the Greek. The thing you have to understand about Protestant theology, the acid test is Scripture and he was way off base with the racist rhetoric.

I did point out that Mayr went to some lengths to describe how natural selection could be used to counter racism, and to his credit, thus distancing himself from the racism of Darwin. What is commonly overlooked is that Protestant theology has a built in acknowledgement of mankind's depravity and considers accountability to be essential to good governance, religious and secular. This is the moral import of religion to culture and I welcome the opportunity to defend Biblical Christianity against the racism of Luther, or the greed and violence of the witch hunts and the Inquisition. Mainly because New Testament Christianity has built in safty measure for this kind of perversion of its doctrine, and has from the begining.

I wonder if this could be said of evolutionary biology, almost certainly this is discernable in the modern sythesis. However, it is hard to discern the difference between Darwin and Hitler since they both considered the seperation of races between superior and inferior to be a natural law, a supremely important one. Keep in mind that natural selection is the the competion of ourselfs with other species for resourses, it's the competition of ourselfs with our own species.

What is most disturbing in the rhetoric of evolution is that the war of nature is at the heart of the emphasis:

"De Candolle, in an eloquent passage has declared that all nature is at war, one organism with another, or with external nature. Seeing the contented face of nature, this may at first be well doubted; but reflection will inevitably prove it to be true."
(Linnean Society on 1 July 1858)

Please note that this is from the opening line of his exposition to the Linnean Society less then a year before the publication of Origin of Species.

"Thus from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of higher animals, directly follows. There is a grandeur in this view of life..."
(Darwin. Origin of Species. Ist Ed. Closing paragraph)

"You see a meadow rich in flower & foliage and your memory rests upon it as an image of peaceful beauty. It is a delusion... Not a bird twitters but is either slayer or slain and... not a moment passes in that holocaust, in every hedge & every copse battle, murder & sudden death are the order of the day."
(T.H.Huxley. Draft of Manchester address. 1887)

I can readily point out the substantive difference between Protestant theology and Hitler's political rhethoric, particularly at the heart of the emphasis. This is not as readily apparent with natural selection and Hitler's völkisch concept, they appear to be identical, at the heart of the emphasis.
 
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mark kennedy

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How very Darwinian, you don't define you're central term or the premise you want to defend as an antithesis and yet claim to refute mine.

You are saying that these naturalistic assumptions are inextricably intertwined with a belief in evolution, or if you like, common descent. I have shown that this is false.

Saying it does not make it so and you're argument is at best pedantic oversimplifications of the issues.


That's an interesting claim, who are they and how do they figure? Presently you're statement is suspended by my ability to take you're word for it, surely you have something a little more substantive.


The same holds true for the rejection of the creationist model in the dialectic of materialistic humanism, aka liberal theology. They claim to believe in God but just redefine Him so that he fits their philosophy. You are quite right that this is philosophical and theological based concepts, where you fail the burden of proof is that this is true of evolutionary biology as well.


Sounds like you have understood what I am saying dispite yourself. That is precisely what natural selection is, but you missed the heart of the issue. It's not common descent that is at issue since most creationist would agree with that, it's descent from a single common ancestor. This is readily disproven both from natural science, theology, and most importantly, it's flawed premise as a philosophy of science.
 
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Physics_guy

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Mark, your problem is exactly the same as Hitler's: neither of you realize that Natural Selection is NOT a philosophy, it is an observation. Using an observation about how biological systems behave to develop a political philosophy is the problem with Hitler and the Social Darwinists.

Do you deny that organisms compete for limited resources? Do you deny that those organisms that are more successful in that competition are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes on than those that are less successful?

Whether Hitler based some of his political philosophy on Darwin is irrelevant to whether Natural Selection is a driving force in the evolution of species. Call Darwin a racist as much as you like - it will do nothing to hurt the evidence for the ToE.

Furthermore, your belief that God could not have created the diversity of life on Earth by the process of evolution seems to be pretty arrogant. Who are you to limit the methodologies of an omnipotent being?
 
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Physics_guy

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Here are some things to think about Mark:

Evolution is not atheistic. The Theory of Evolution makes no claim regarding the existence or non-existence of the supernatural. No scientific theory mentions the supernatural in any way. To believe that the ToE is anti-theistic is as stupid as believing the Heliocentric Model of the Solar System or Germ Theory are anti-theistic.

Many Christians have reconciled their belief in the Bible with the scientific evidence for and a multi-billion year old Earth and Universe as well as the diversification of life from a single (or few) simple common ancestor. They understand Genesis to be an allegory. They have no trouble with this. Do you really think that you are so infallible in your interpretation of both the Bible and the physical evidence to arrogantly question their faith?


I would love to see you try to disprove Common Ancestry (though you are using a strawman when you assert that it must be a single ancestor - it is possible that there were multi formations of simple life 3.5 billion or so years ago) with "natural science." You seem to avoid science like the plague and focus on worthless associations of Darwin with Hitler.
 
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Physics_guy

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They are not identical because one is an OBSERVATION and the other is a PHILOSOPHY. Fundamentally different and also irrelevant to their truth.

This whole linkage to Naziism by you is just a giant Poisoning the Well Fallacy and show s that you are neither willing or capable of having a mature discussion.
 
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Aron-Ra

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mark kennedy said:
Ok, I know what taxonomy is and taxonomic relationships are a dialectic.
There are elements of it that still are to a diminishing degree. But with the discovery of genetics and its ability to confirm so many of these relationships, it isn't really dialectic anymore, and never was to the degree that you imagine it to be.
I said before and have become increasingly convinced that you are unaware of the philosophical premise you are arguing for.
I wasn't even aware that I was arguing for any premise, nor that I was arguing for anything that could be considered philosophical. Perhaps you could explain to me exactly what that premise that is, explain why it is a philosophy, and present a more reasonable alternative to it?
That string of questions I asked you was to determine if you were aware of the central principles of the modern synthesis.
And those questions demonstrated that you didn't understand it yourself.
I know what evolution is and how it works, it is rooted and grounded in naturalistic assumptions that are suspended by blind faith.
Then you don't know what evolution is or how it works, even though you've said many times that you agree with it "full-heartedly". You contradict yourself frequently. I however have no faith in anything, and wouldn't need any to accept what I do about varying levels of common ancestry, many of which you accept also.
Then I elaborated on the profound significance of these questions:
You forget, I was there.
You forget that I have it in writing, and that I have just displayed it again.
Before I can debate against the Bible, I have to have read the Bible, right? Before I can dispute your position, I have to understand what your position is, right? Then is it so much to ask that if you don't understand a couple of my terms, that you should look them up on any convenient resource, as I must also?
I frankly am disappointed that that was all you had to support these supposed relationships.
I'm disappointed that you think that was all I had. And I'm disappointed in myself that I let you keep me distracted off-topic with all your immaterial and irrelevent prejudices, and that we could never even get to the genetics or the forensic evidence because of your constant side-tracking.
I don't know what I expected but it was a dead issue before the conversation started.
I expected you to answer the questions when and how they were asked, and to show some reason and accountability, which were obviously absent in each of your replies.
You had allready made up your mind and the endless string of insults were due to a lack of substance. I don't know what you thought you were doing but it looked like excited fanaticism to me.
You had allready made up your mind, and the endless string of insults were due to a lack of substance. I don't know what you thought you were doing but it looked like excited fanaticism to me. If you perceive an endless string of insults from me, it was only my attempt to get you to show some accountability.
Ok, so we can call them anything we like as long as we don't accept that God created them supernaturally.
You can still believe God was involved if you want to. Why not? Contrary to all your miserably false allegations, evolution from common ancestry is not grounded in any sort of atheist position, and does not remotely require the exclusion of god, as the vast multitudes of theistic evolutionists prove. What it does is to refute a literal interpretation of what can only be either a parable or a myth, but that we all know can't possibly be literally true.
Then we form as many convoluted relationships as possible and run anyone who believes in special creations through a labyrinth of subjectivly chosen terms. Great plan, I am so glad that you went the trouble to teach me that.
We do not form the relationships. They formed themselves. We merely discover them. And its not our fault that reality is so complex in its myriad details. But you're welcome to blame God for that if you want to. Neither are these terms subjectively chosen. I have tried to prove this to you, but the only way to do that was to get you to answer certain questions which you adamantly refuse to even though you agreed you would when you accepted the terms of the debate.
What you forgot to tell me was that this would be a debate about the veracity of evolutionary taxonomic relationships.
I thought that was clear by the wording of the challenge.
You insisted that the central term, species, could be as subjective as you like.
No, I didn't. I said that since the definition used for most animals and plants was based on the ability to interbreed, then the definition for sexual reproducers obviously couldn't apply to non-sexual reproducers, and that it could only be vaguely estimated in paleofauna by an examination of derived synapomorphies.
Do you really think that there has never been a creationist that was aware of cladistics and remained unconvinced?
I said that no creationist could understand cladistics as well as I do, and remain unconvinced. I honestly don't think any creationist has ever been as familiar with taxonomy as I am, apart from Linneaus himself of course, and even he had to admit that humans are apes though he didn't know how that could be.
From the begining I focused on evolution as a philosophy of science and maintained that genetics is the result of the work of a creationist.
So was taxonomy, lest we forget. The concept of deep time, the ancient age of the Earth was also discovered by a creationist, as was the reality of the extinction of paleofauna that could not be attributed to a global flood. It was even creationists who realized that the Bible could not be literally interpreted, and shouldn't be reduced to mere history. Almost all of what you think is an atheist position was discovered by creationists, most of whom were still creationists after they made these landmark realizations. They just weren't the kind of dogmatic Bibliolaters that you are.
If all we had was the naturalistic materialism of Darwin then you would have nothing but an obscure philosophical argument.
You've yet to indicate any philosophy involved, and you've usually avoided virtually any discussion of the measurable facts we know are involved, and can't be considered philosophical.
I never strayed from my position or asked you a string of cryptic terms that lack any semanitcal meaning.
Most of your questions were semantic, though you don't seem to understand that, but non of mine were. And the fact that you have never strayed from your immaterial irrelevencies has been a large stumbling block in our conversation because you frequently strayed from the topic and refuse to return to it.
You ran me a merry chase but ultimatly you are supposed to convince me that you have the best explanation of our origin.
I did. You agreed with every major point I made, admitting that you already believed most of them yourself. And you admitted that there was no reason to believe in the alternative you offered. But it wasn't supposed to be a chase, and wouldn't have been if you hadn't done so much ducking and dodging.
I am more convinced then ever that this is nothing more then rationalism giving rise to irrationalism (a real philosophical term BTW)
Of course it is, otherwise you wouldn't have used it. Yours is the philisophical position, not mine. I didn't think rationalism was ever an issue here, and don't understand why you keep avoiding the subject the subject and bringing up semantics, and philosophies and "isms" instead.
like it did in Europe about the same time that Darwin's philosophy was being incorporated into the modern synthesis.
Your arguments are indeed irrational, particularly your so-often repeated attempts to associate evolution with atheism, materialism, nazis, communists, and anything else you can think of to make it look bad. At the same time, you're an evolutionist yourself, and somehow don't see how that makes you a hypocrite at the same time.
Theodosius Dobzhansky, was a humanitst.
I didn't realize "humanist" and "Orthodox Christian" meant the same thing. But then, every Orthodox Christian I've ever met has accepted evolution from common ancestry, and I guess that's what you think a humanist is. I didn't realize that one could be a humanist and accept every tenet of the Nicene creed at the same time.
Rev. Robert Bakker doesn't represent Christian theism at large.
Who does? I suppose the Pope represents the majority of Christianity at large. He certainly represents more of that than any other single person. And the pope's position on evolution is the same as Bakker's, oddly enough. Biblical literalist creationists are an extreme fringe group, and the Young-Earth creationists are a desperate minority even within that group. This is true everywhere in the world. Even in the U.S., the only place on Earth where there are a significant proportion of creationists, they are still the minority, and the YECs are still an extreme minority. So you and your ilk most definitely don't represent Christian theism at large, but the larger portion of Christian theism does support Robert Bakker.
Dr. Jill Buettner, is most likely a brilliant scientist but her theology leaves a lot to be desired.
But you don't know squat about her theology except that she is not a doctrinal idolater, worshipping the word of men (the Bible) over the work of God, (reality). And that's the only thing you desire in her theology. That makes a very telling statement about how much you don't understand about Christian theism, or indeed, theism in general. I'm sure she would argue that your theism leaves much to be desired, and having been a Christian once myself, I can see where she would be coming from.
Gregory Mendel laid the foundation for a genuine investigation of how living systems work and was a creationist.
But not a creationist in the same sense that you are are a creationist. Mendel's support of Darwinian evolution implies that his Christianity was similar to that of most reasonable Christians today, which is that it is a belief in each of the tenets of the Nicene creed, but does not require worship of the stories men wrote in the Bible over the creation itself. I have noticed that you can't seem to distinguish between true theology and doctrinal idolatry, and that seems to be the core of all you misunderstandings of both science and religion.
Charles Darwin was not a Christian except in name only,
I suppose "in name only" means he accepted every tenet of the nicene creed, but not some fanatic dogmatist. For some reason, the Christian creed doesn't require an obligate worship of a verbatim literal translation of any author's interpretation of the feelings that moved him to write scripture. So I guess dogmatic Bibliolatry isn't a requirement of Christians, much as you wish it were.
on the rare occasions he makes this profession he expresses lingering doubls as to God's abilitiy to intervene in human affairs.
Only in the works he composed after he lost his faith. Prior to that, he wonders to what extent God was involved, or wished to be involved, and how independant of him he designed his natural systems to be.
This supposed professions never even mention redemptive history and I am convinced that he simply showed his colors when he saw an opportunity to make a name for himself.
What exactly does "redemptive history" have to do with speciation, or descent with modification, or natural selective processes, extinction, procreation, or the survival (or origin) of species? Especially since most of what Darwin wrote about were mollusks and mussels, beetles, and birds, and so on.
Upon realizing the implications of Darwin's book, the captain of the Beagle killed himself.
If that were true, which it apparently isn't, what would that mean? That creationists can't handle the truth? That God can't exist if any part of the Bible is wrong? That Captain Fitzroy couldn't cope with being an ape? Once you realize what an ape is, are you going to kill yourself too? Can God still exist even if the Qur'an or the Bhagavad-Gita are wrong? If so, then couldn't the immortal author of the universe survice an interpretive error in any other human author who wrote the scriptures?
 
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Aron-Ra

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Whether I ever agreed with a creationist on any point doesn't matter. There are some things we can agree on, you know. But (as I said) for whatever reason, when you said "cleavage", I didn't happen to think of cells dividing in the zygote, although I know I should have. Instead, I thought of DNA strands being unwound, or "unzipped" during replication, and didn't realize the error at first.
What you have failed to realize is that this puts an awfull lot of weight on the mutations to produce the kind of macroevolutionary changes that you think are so much a part of nature.
What you fail to realize is that mutations are involved in every single organism of every single generation that is sexually-reproduced, and that most of these mutations are enormously slight even when they do have an effect, such as in changing the appearance and behaviors of twins who would otherwise have been identical.
It is genetics, not taxonomy that is the heart of evolutionary biology.
I can accept that. But can you accept that it is also genetics that confirms taxonomy?
How dare you call me a hypocite?
You accuse me of things we are both guilty of, and you accuse me of things that only you are guilty of. And you employ an extreme double-standard where our two positions are concerned. That's hypocrisy ain't it?
You have denied the tenants of your own worldview, philosophy of science, and reduced the most important line of demonstration of you're postition to a subjective dialectic of meaning.
No sir. My worldview obviously isn't whatever you think it is. And my philosophy isn't dependant on anyone else's philosophy, whether they happened to accept evolution or not. However, I do remain true to the philosophy of science, though you apparently don't know what that is either. And you keep attempting to reduce my most important demonstration to a subjective dialectic. But by virtue of the wording of my queries, it was never what you make it out to be either. I suspect that's why you're so terrified to answer any of my most important questions no matter how many times I ask them. It must be a paralyzing fear, because I can't imagine what else could explain it. If your position were valid, you should welcome such a simple challenge to prove it, and I wouldn't have to repeat my questions even once.
Like I have been trying to tell you, semantics is what this is all about, the only real problem is that you refuse to define you're central terms.
You don't define your terms, but I have defined all of mine, and none of it could be called semantics. Perhaps at this point you should define "semantics", and explain why you think that definition applies. (Make sure to cite some source for that definition). While you're at it, you might also want to define "Christian" and "theism" too, because you're obviously using some other definition than any other Christian theist I know.
Just like Darwin you want to render the term species, undiscoverable, rendering the terms microevolution and macroevolution meaningless.
Are you deliberately forgetful? I already gave you a rigid definition of species where their breeding habits can be analyzed. If you want that same definition to apply to paleofauna, then you should have shown me how to do that with the examples I brought up earlier.

Once again, about a half-dozen of these are the same species. The others are related through various stages of common ancestry beyond the species level. Now can you tell me which of these are the same species and which ones aren't? If the means of determination is "undiscoverable" because I want it to be, then won't still be if you don't want it to be.

What about these? You said this:

is related to this:

But that neither of them are related to this:

How do you know that?
Or is it "undiscoverable"?

And did you know that there are some anthropologists who consider all three of these to be the same species? They're thought of as a form of chronologically-separated ring species. How could we know if they really are or not?

And at what point do you think the words macroevolution or microevolution should have any relevant meaning in any of this? Because to my experience, most people think of microevolution as whatever amount they can tolerate without offending their dogmatic beliefs. While the other term applies only to whatever they've been told they're not permitted to accept. That is what I would call semantics, and that's why I reject it. There is no scientific application where I see need of either word. Do you know of one?
I really liked you're discussions about taxonomic relations but you keep going off into these rants.
The rants have all been yours alone. But I suppose I should have ignored them all, and not let you lead me off-topic so many times.
mark kennedy said:
You don't have a demonstrated mechanism so you resort to name calling, you should be ashamed of yourself.
You've agreed with my definition of evolution entirely, including each of the mechanisms I did bring up, and which we've discussed. Yet you've offered no kind of mechanism for any alternative concept; you don't have one. So you resort to name calling. Therefore, you are a dishonest hypocrite, and you should be ashamed of yourself.
 
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Ondoher

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mark kennedy said:
it's descent from a single common ancestor. This is readily disproven both from natural science, theology, and most importantly, it's flawed premise as a philosophy of science.
Actually, it isn't clear if all life has descended from a single common ancestor, or many common ancestors with a great degree of horizontal transfer. What is clear is that our common ancestry goes back quite far in history: billions of years. At that point, the distinction between a single common ancestor or a few has very little relevence to the notion of comon ancestry, as all multicellular, eukaryotic life cleary does have a single ancestral population.
 
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mark kennedy

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I am not convinced that either element of evoltutionary biology is warranted by the evidence. I am of course aware that their is evidence and its based on naturalistic assumptions as well.
 
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