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Confederate States of America: What Would've Happened if the South Won the Civil War.
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<blockquote data-quote="Gxg (G²)" data-source="post: 74319472" data-attributes="member: 238335"><p>Thankful for excellent discussions:</p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong><a href="https://renegadesouth.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/southerners-against-slavery-wesleyan-methodists-in-montgomery-county-north-carolina/" target="_blank">Southerners Against Slavery: Wesleyan Methodists in Montgomery County, North Carolina</a></strong></span><br /> </li> </ul><p>As noted there:</p><p></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">Although I relied principally on court records, military records, newspapers, and memoirs to tell the story of Unionism in this region of North Carolina, I found two Wesleyan Methodist publications, Roy S. Nicholson’s Wesleyan Methodism in the South (1933), and Mrs. E.W. Crooks’ Life of Rev. Adam Crooks (1875), crucial to my ability to confirm the religious conversions of the above Montgomery County families.</span></em></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">In the following essay, I draw from both these works. As “in house” publications, they reflect the perspective of the Wesleyan Movement, yet, in combination with primary sources, they leave no doubt of the religious ideology that led the Hulins, Moores, Hurleys, and others to oppose slavery and the Confederate Cause.</span></em></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><em><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">Vikki Bynum, Moderator</span></em></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">Southerners Against Slavery: Wesleyan Methodists in Montgomery County, North Carolina</span></strong></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">By Vikki Bynum</span></strong></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><a href="https://renegadesouth.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/adam-crooks.jpg" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"><img src="https://renegadesouth.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/adam-crooks.jpg?w=829" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></span></a></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">Rev. Adam Crooks (1824-1874)</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">The man most responsible for bringing Wesleyan Methodism to the Randolph/Montgomery County area of North Carolina was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Crooks_(activist)" target="_blank">Rev. Adam Crooks</a>, who was originally from Leesville, Carroll County, Ohio, where he was born in 1824. According to Crooks’ biographer, his wife Elizabeth Willits Crooks, in 1841 he joined those northern Methodists who split from the Methodist Episcopal Church over slavery. The following year, in December 1842, the splinter group produced a newspaper, the <em><a href="http://www.wesleyan.org/doc/true_wesleyan" target="_blank">True Wesleyan</a></em>, which heralded the establishment of Wesleyan Methodism in the United States. These Wesleyans claimed to embody the doctrinal standards of early Methodism as established under the guidance of Rev. John Wesley. They opposed worldly habits such as the use of whiskey and tobacco and ostentatious dress and adornment. Most important to the history of Montgomery County, they opposed the ownership of human beings by other human beings.</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">Opposition to slavery, and specifically to the degrading and violent means by which it was maintained, was not limited to Methodists of the North. In 1847, during its Allegheny Conference in Mesopotamia, Ohio, the Wesleyan Church received an urgent letter from “Free Methodists” of Guilford County, North Carolina, who requested the services of a Wesleyan preacher. In this old Quaker stronghold of the South, anti-slavery principles had never completely died. “There is much more anti-slavery sentiment in this part of North Carolina than I had supposed,” Crooks later observed, “owing, in great measure, to the influence of the Society of Friends.” During his stay in North Carolina, he was amused to be “taken for a Quaker, go wherever I will,” even once after preaching in a Methodist Episcopal house. Crooks concluded that this assumption reflected the antislavery doctrine he preached and the “plain coat” that he wore.</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">The call from North Carolina had great appeal to Crooks. By age twenty, he had become a Wesleyan exhorter who preached against the evils of slavery. In August 1845, he joined the Allegheny Conference as a junior preacher, and received a six-week assignment to the Erie circuit, where he ministered to a small Erie City church comprised of many fugitive slaves. Now, he agreed to travel to North Carolina. With the sectional crisis over slavery growing fiercer by the day, it took a great deal of courage to enter the slaveholding South with the express purpose of preaching against slavery. In preparation for his mission he was ordained an Elder.</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">Crooks encountered many Methodists in North Carolina who resented being forced to remain with the Methodist Episcopal Church in the wake of its national division into pro- and anti-slavery denominations. Finding it ”impracticable” to join the anti-slavery Northern Division of the church, they formed a third division, the “Free Methodist Church.” According to Crooks, “up to this time, they had no knowledge of the existence of the Wesleyan Methodist connection.” Once they learned of the Wesleyan persuasion, he said, they immediately sent for preachers, convened, and adopted the Wesleyan principles as their own.</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">Pro-slavery North Carolinians labeled Crooks a “[bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse]-thief,” an abolitionist, and an advocate of racial amalgamation (race mixing). Nevertheless, he preached before large and small congregations and regularly denounced slavery in the presence of slaveholders. In October, 1847, Crooks presided over the founding of Freedom’s Hill Church, located in the old Snow Camp community of present-day Alamance County, N.C., and the first Wesleyan Methodist Church in the South.</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'"></span></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua'">In 1850, despite violent opposition to Wesleyan preachers by pro-slavery mobs, Crooks prepared to preach in Montgomery County at the invitation of members of Lane’s Chapel and Lovejoy Chapel. Twice, he was warned by letter to cancel those plans.</span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Gxg (G²), post: 74319472, member: 238335"] Thankful for excellent discussions: [LIST] [*][SIZE=5][B][URL='https://renegadesouth.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/southerners-against-slavery-wesleyan-methodists-in-montgomery-county-north-carolina/']Southerners Against Slavery: Wesleyan Methodists in Montgomery County, North Carolina[/URL][/B][/SIZE] [/LIST] As noted there: [INDENT][FONT=Book Antiqua] [/FONT] [I][FONT=Book Antiqua]Although I relied principally on court records, military records, newspapers, and memoirs to tell the story of Unionism in this region of North Carolina, I found two Wesleyan Methodist publications, Roy S. Nicholson’s Wesleyan Methodism in the South (1933), and Mrs. E.W. Crooks’ Life of Rev. Adam Crooks (1875), crucial to my ability to confirm the religious conversions of the above Montgomery County families.[/FONT][/I] [FONT=Book Antiqua][/FONT] [I][FONT=Book Antiqua]In the following essay, I draw from both these works. As “in house” publications, they reflect the perspective of the Wesleyan Movement, yet, in combination with primary sources, they leave no doubt of the religious ideology that led the Hulins, Moores, Hurleys, and others to oppose slavery and the Confederate Cause.[/FONT][/I] [FONT=Book Antiqua][/FONT] [I][FONT=Book Antiqua]Vikki Bynum, Moderator[/FONT][/I] [FONT=Book Antiqua][/FONT] [B][FONT=Book Antiqua]Southerners Against Slavery: Wesleyan Methodists in Montgomery County, North Carolina[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Book Antiqua][/FONT] [B][FONT=Book Antiqua]By Vikki Bynum[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Book Antiqua][/FONT] [URL='https://renegadesouth.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/adam-crooks.jpg'][FONT=Book Antiqua][IMG]https://renegadesouth.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/adam-crooks.jpg?w=829[/IMG][/FONT][/URL] [FONT=Book Antiqua]Rev. Adam Crooks (1824-1874) The man most responsible for bringing Wesleyan Methodism to the Randolph/Montgomery County area of North Carolina was [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Crooks_(activist)']Rev. Adam Crooks[/URL], who was originally from Leesville, Carroll County, Ohio, where he was born in 1824. According to Crooks’ biographer, his wife Elizabeth Willits Crooks, in 1841 he joined those northern Methodists who split from the Methodist Episcopal Church over slavery. The following year, in December 1842, the splinter group produced a newspaper, the [I][URL='http://www.wesleyan.org/doc/true_wesleyan']True Wesleyan[/URL][/I], which heralded the establishment of Wesleyan Methodism in the United States. These Wesleyans claimed to embody the doctrinal standards of early Methodism as established under the guidance of Rev. John Wesley. They opposed worldly habits such as the use of whiskey and tobacco and ostentatious dress and adornment. Most important to the history of Montgomery County, they opposed the ownership of human beings by other human beings. Opposition to slavery, and specifically to the degrading and violent means by which it was maintained, was not limited to Methodists of the North. In 1847, during its Allegheny Conference in Mesopotamia, Ohio, the Wesleyan Church received an urgent letter from “Free Methodists” of Guilford County, North Carolina, who requested the services of a Wesleyan preacher. In this old Quaker stronghold of the South, anti-slavery principles had never completely died. “There is much more anti-slavery sentiment in this part of North Carolina than I had supposed,” Crooks later observed, “owing, in great measure, to the influence of the Society of Friends.” During his stay in North Carolina, he was amused to be “taken for a Quaker, go wherever I will,” even once after preaching in a Methodist Episcopal house. Crooks concluded that this assumption reflected the antislavery doctrine he preached and the “plain coat” that he wore. The call from North Carolina had great appeal to Crooks. By age twenty, he had become a Wesleyan exhorter who preached against the evils of slavery. In August 1845, he joined the Allegheny Conference as a junior preacher, and received a six-week assignment to the Erie circuit, where he ministered to a small Erie City church comprised of many fugitive slaves. Now, he agreed to travel to North Carolina. With the sectional crisis over slavery growing fiercer by the day, it took a great deal of courage to enter the slaveholding South with the express purpose of preaching against slavery. In preparation for his mission he was ordained an Elder. Crooks encountered many Methodists in North Carolina who resented being forced to remain with the Methodist Episcopal Church in the wake of its national division into pro- and anti-slavery denominations. Finding it ”impracticable” to join the anti-slavery Northern Division of the church, they formed a third division, the “Free Methodist Church.” According to Crooks, “up to this time, they had no knowledge of the existence of the Wesleyan Methodist connection.” Once they learned of the Wesleyan persuasion, he said, they immediately sent for preachers, convened, and adopted the Wesleyan principles as their own. Pro-slavery North Carolinians labeled Crooks a “[bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse]-thief,” an abolitionist, and an advocate of racial amalgamation (race mixing). Nevertheless, he preached before large and small congregations and regularly denounced slavery in the presence of slaveholders. In October, 1847, Crooks presided over the founding of Freedom’s Hill Church, located in the old Snow Camp community of present-day Alamance County, N.C., and the first Wesleyan Methodist Church in the South. In 1850, despite violent opposition to Wesleyan preachers by pro-slavery mobs, Crooks prepared to preach in Montgomery County at the invitation of members of Lane’s Chapel and Lovejoy Chapel. Twice, he was warned by letter to cancel those plans.[/FONT][/INDENT] [SIZE=5][B][/B][/SIZE] [/QUOTE]
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