Amos 5

[Drought of the Heart]

Amos 5 is a great reminder we do not want to make God mad. We see why Jesus said in this life only fear Him and 2 Peter 2:21 For it had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them.

Really the whole bible is to teach us what God loves and hates and how to follow and repent as every generation falls away . Amos 5:15 Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that the Lord God of hosts will be gracious unto the remnant of Joseph.

Amos 5:18 Woe unto you that desire the day of the Lord ! to what end is it for you? the day of the Lord is darkness, and not light.


This has no meaning for those that have not known as in 2 Peter. The entire Bible is about following God and what happens when we fall away in the world and do not repent.

We have made following God like the drive up window for fast food , it is not. It was not easy for Moses , it was not easy for Peter and it is not easy for us , in a world we do not belong in.



Amos 5:20 Shall not the day of the Lord be darkness, and not light? even very dark, and no brightness in it?



These people had Amos to remind them God can be Light or darkness, not sure I remember these passages but He is in charge of both...We have Jesus as our mediator and we can not thank God enough for that. That Cross and what Jesus did , did not change the God in Amos 5. In fact that Cross came with a warning...

Hebrews 10:29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?



Today is a day God gave us to remember Who He is and what He has done, make it all about Him today not what the world says...



Amos 5:8 Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name:

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

Amos 5 is a great reminder we do not want to make God mad.*snip*
Really the whole bible is to teach us what God loves and hates and how to follow and repent as every generation falls away.

Amos 5:8 Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name:

Excellent! And again a reference to the NT.

All the times I have been studying Revelation, I never realized the "7 stars" were mentioned in the OT.

Amos 5:8
Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion,...........

That phrase is used only 6 times in the whole Bible,
5 of those being in the NT book of Revelation, and 2 of those mentioned in the Assemblies of Ephesus and Sardis.
Oh the wonder of His Word!

Reve 1:
16 And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged sword:
and his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength.
Revelation Chapter 1 Verses

20 The mystery of the seven stars which thou sawest in my right hand, and the seven golden candlesticks.
The seven stars are the Messengers of the seven Assemblies,
and the seven candlesticks/lamp-stands which thou sawest are the seven Assemblies.
Revelation Chapter 1 Verses

Reve 2:1
Unto the Messenger of the Assembly in Ephesus write!
These things saith He that holdeth the seven stars in His right hand,
Who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks;
Revelation chapter 2 verse by verse study

Reve 3:1
And unto the Messenger of the Assembly in Sardis write!
These things saith He that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars;
I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

Allusions in Revelation from Old Testament
Allusions in Revelation from Old Testament

I find this person's view concerning the "allusions" found in the book of Revelation that are found in the Old Testament/Covenant rather fascinating.
Would anyone like to put down verses from Revelation and the verses from the OT/OC that are alluded to this? I think that would be fun. Thanks

THE SYMBOLISM IN BOOK OF REVELATION

One man studied and found 348 allusions (not illusions, Light) in Revelation from the Old Testament. You see the similarity in wording and the context mirrored in Revelation and the particular Old Testament story, and immediately can recognize the reference source! That’s, IF you know the bible well enough to even notice that.

95 of the 348 plain references used in Revelation as taken from the Old Testament are repeated in Revelation.
That makes about 250 Old Testament passages are cited. How many chapters are in Revelation? 22. That makes about TEN OLD TESTAMENT REFERENCES FOR EVERY CHAPTER!

Which is precisely why people shouldn't read the book of Revelation before reading and understanding the Old Testament.
IOW, I've seen some of the most bizarre "interpretations" of the book of Revelation which in no way match up with what had been foretold in the Old Testament.
Psssttttt...the "pre-tribulation rapture" nonsense being right at the top of the list.

Orion is only mentioned on 3 times in the Bible, including 2 times in Job:

Amos 5:8
Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning,

Job 9:
9 He made the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades,
And the chambers of the south;

Job 38
31 “Can you bind the cluster of the Pleiades,
Or loose the belt of Orion?

Job is mentioned 1 time in the NT:

James 5:11
Indeed we count them blessed who endure.
You have heard of the perseverance of Job and seen the end intended by the Lord—
that the Lord is very compassionate and merciful.

Kindgdom Bible Studies Job

I never paid much attention to Job. I knew that he was an overcomer. I knew that he was tested and tried and proven to the utmost extremity and I knew that he passed the test. So I praised God for Job. I eulogized his faith and patience, and that was about as far as it went. But some time ago the Spirit of God dropped a seed of revelation into my heart. The revelatory word came and suddenly I wasn't sure whether there ever was a man named Job.
It is believed that the book of Job is the most ancient of the inspired writings we have come to know as the Bible. It predates the first five books of the Bible, the books of Moses, and its exact origin is a mystery..........................

The book of Job is written in Hebrew in the style of a poetic drama, or stage play. The first two chapters, which constitute the introduction, are in prose. Beginning with the third chapter and continuing on through 42:6 the form is poetical. From 42:7 to the end of the book it is again prose, providing as an epilogue a few facts concerning Job's later life. What is so powerfully set forth in this book is not the unfolding of a drama full of action, event, or happening.
Instead it is a poem in which several great issues that relate to the righteousness of God and the mystery of life are explored by means of conversations between Job and his friends. There is no "movement," except in the intensity of the feeling and thought expressed, until the poem comes to a crescendo with the voice of Yahweh speaking from a whirlwind..........................

The book of Job belongs to a type of literature known as Wisdom, common in the Near East, a special kind of writing based upon practical observations about the mystery of life — and how to live it. Its modern counterpart would be philosophy. But Hebrew Wisdom writing was often in the form of a fable, or a riddle, or a proverb — most often presented in the form of poetry or poetic drama. Poetry is the language of imagination, intuition, and revelation.........................

 

[brinny]

Amos 5 is a great reminder we do not want to make God mad. We see why Jesus said in this life only fear Him and 2 Peter 2:21 For it had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them.

Really the whole bible is to teach us what God loves and hates and how to follow and repent as every generation falls away . Amos 5:15 Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that the Lord God of hosts will be gracious unto the remnant of Joseph.

Amos 5:18 Woe unto you that desire the day of the Lord ! to what end is it for you? the day of the Lord is darkness, and not light.


This has no meaning for those that have not known as in 2 Peter. The entire Bible is about following God and what happens when we fall away in the world and do not repent.

We have made following God like the drive up window for fast food , it is not. It was not easy for Moses , it was not easy for Peter and it is not easy for us , in a world we do not belong in.



Amos 5:20 Shall not the day of the Lord be darkness, and not light? even very dark, and no brightness in it?



These people had Amos to remind them God can be Light or darkness, not sure I remember these passages but He is in charge of both...We have Jesus as our mediator and we can not thank God enough for that. That Cross and what Jesus did , did not change the God in Amos 5. In fact that Cross came with a warning...

Hebrews 10:29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?



Today is a day God gave us to remember Who He is and what He has done, make it all about Him today not what the world says...



Amos 5:8 Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name:

Excerpt from your post: "Hebrews 10:29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?"

Whoa! This should stop us dead in our tracks. This is dead serious. We should NEVER EVER trifle with the grace that a holy God has provided for us, and heaven forbid, trample Him and His grace in the dust.

God help those who do.

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

Excerpt from your post:
"Hebrews 10:29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?"

Whoa! This should stop us dead in our tracks. This is dead serious. We should NEVER EVER trifle with the grace that a holy God has provided for us, and heaven forbid, trample Him and His grace in the dust.

God help those who do.

Excerpt from your post:
"Hebrews 10:29
Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?"

Hi brinny. That is a good quote.
Hebrews is pretty deep.

Who wrote Hebrews?
Who wrote Hebrew

Exodus 24:8
And Moses took the blood, sprinkled it on the people, and said,
“This is the blood of the covenant which the LORD has made with you according to all these words.” [Matt 26:28]

Matthew 26:28
“For this is My blood of the [new] covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. [Exodus 24:8]

The great Shepherd:

Matt 2:6
And thou Bethlehem, land of Judah, not being inferior-most are in the ones-leading of Judea.
For out of thee shall be going-forth one-leading, Who-any shall be shepherding/poimanei <4165> (5692) the People of Me, the Israel. [Revelation 12:5]

Hebrews 13:20
Now may the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, the Great Shepherd /poimena<4166>of the sheep, [Matt 2:6/Reve 12:5]

1Peter 5:4
And of being made manifest the Chief-Shepherd/arci-poimenoV <750>,
ye shall be being requitted the unfading crown of the glory.

Reve 12:5
And she brought forth a Son, a male, Who is about to be shepherding/poimainein <4165> (5721) all the Nations in rod/staff, iron.
And is caught-away the Child of her toward the God, and toward the throne of Him.

Reve 19:15
And out of the mouth of Him is issueing-out a sword, sharp, that in it He should be smiting the Nations, and He shall be shepherding/poimanei <4165> (5692) them in rod iron
and He is treading the trough of the wine of the fury of the God, the Almighty.

Reve 2:27
And He shall be sherpherding/poimanei <4165> (5692) them in rod iron, as the instruments, the pottery, is being crushed, as and-I have gotten beside the Father of Me.

4165. poimaino poy-mah'-ee-no from 4166; to tend as a shepherd of (figuratively, superviser):--feed (cattle), rule.

 

[brinny]

Excerpt from your post:
"Hebrews 10:29
Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?"

Hi brinny. That is a good quote.
Hebrews is pretty deep.

Who wrote Hebrews?
Who wrote Hebrews

Hebrews 13:20 also mentions blood of the covenant in conjunction with "the great Shepherd:

Exodus 24:8
And Moses took the blood, sprinkled it on the people, and said,
“This is the blood of the covenant which the LORD has made with you according to all these words.”

Matthew 26:28
“For this is My blood of the [new] covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.

The great Shepherd:

Hebrews 13:20
Now may the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, the Great Shepherd /poimena<4166>of the sheep, [Matt 2:6/Reve 12:5]

1Peter 5:4
And of being made manifest the Chief-Shepherd/arci-poimenoV <750>,
ye shall be being requitted the unfading crown of the glory.

Matt 2:6
And thou Bethlehem, land of Judah, not being inferior-most are in the ones-leading of Judea.
For out of thee shall be going-forth one-leading, Who-any shall be shepherding/poimanei <4165> (5692) the People of Me, the Israel. [Revelation 12:5]

Reve 12:5
And she brought forth a Son, a male, Who is about to be shepherding/poimainein <4165> (5721) all the Nations in rod/staff, iron.
And is caught-away the Child of her toward the God, and toward the throne of Him.

Reve 19:15
And out of the mouth of Him is issueing-out a sword, sharp, that in it He should be smiting the Nations, and He shall be shepherding/poimanei <4165> (5692) them in rod iron
and He is treading the trough of the wine of the fury of the God, the Almighty.

Reve 2:27
And He shall be sherpherding/poimanei <4165> (5692) them in rod iron, as the instruments, the pottery, is being crushed, as and-I have gotten beside the Father of Me.

I'm convinced that none other than our Saul, who was transformed and re-named Paul, wrote Hebrews.

He had stellar depth of impeccable knowledge and insight into the Old Testament and knew it inside and out, and he, after his conversion, was given Godly insight and wisdom to ties the pieces together in how the Old Testament was a fore shadow, if you will, of the coming Messiah.

That is perhaps why it was he that was chosen to be a missionary to the Gentiles.

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

I'm convinced that none other than our Saul, who was transformed and re-named Paul, wrote Hebrews.

He had stellar depth of impeccable knowledge and insight into the Old Testament and knew it inside and out, and he, after his conversion, was given Godly insight and wisdom to ties the pieces together in how the Old Testament was a fore shadow, if you will, of the coming Messiah.

That is perhaps why it was he that was chosen to be a missionary to the Gentiles.

Excellent post brinny!
I tend to agree. He stated he was a "Hebrew of Hebrews" from the tribe of Benjamin.

Phil 3:
5 circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the Law, a Pharisee;

Genesis 35:18
18 And so it was, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she called his name Ben-Oni["son of my sorrow"];
but his father called him Benjamin["son of the right hand"].
19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that [is,] Bethlehem).
20 Jacob set up a pillar on her grave; it marks Rachel’s tomb to this day.
[Benjamin (Hebrew: בנימין, "Son of the right side") was the last-born of Jacob's thirteen children (12 sons and 1 daughter). He was the progenitor of the Israelite Tribe of Benjamin.]

Paul mentions Saul is in Acts 13:21 who was also from the tribe of Benjamin:
The Saul of the OT battled with David's men, just as the Saul of the NT persecuted the Christians in the NT. This is just too awesome!
[I may start a separate thread on Saul/Paul of the OT and NT]

1 Samuel 26:25
And Saul saith unto David, 'Blessed art thou, my son David, also working thou dost work, and also prevailing thou dost prevail.'
And David goeth on his way, and Saul hath turned back to his place.

Acts 13:
9 Then Saul, who also is called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked intently at him.
21 “And afterward they asked for a king;
so God gave them Saul, the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years.


....................................

 

[brinny]

Excellent post brinny!
I tend to agree. He stated he was a "Hebrew of Hebrews" from the tribe of Benjamin.

Phil 3:
5 circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the Law, a Pharisee;

Genesis 35:18
18 And so it was, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she called his name Ben-Oni["son of my sorrow"];
but his father called him Benjamin["son of the right hand"].
19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that [is,] Bethlehem).
20 Jacob set up a pillar on her grave; it marks Rachel’s tomb to this day.
[Benjamin (Hebrew: בנימין, "Son of the right side") was the last-born of Jacob's thirteen children (12 sons and 1 daughter). He was the progenitor of the Israelite Tribe of Benjamin.]

Paul mentions Saul is in Acts 13:21 who was also from the tribe of Benjamin:
The Saul of the OT battled with David's men, just as the Saul of the NT persecuted the Christians in the NT. This is just too awesome!
[I may start a separate thread on Saul/Paul of the OT and NT]

1 Samuel 26:25
Then Saul said to David, “May you be blessed, my son David! You shall both do great things and also still prevail.” So David went on his way, and Saul returned to his place.

Acts 13:
9 Then Saul, who also is called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked intently at him.
21 “And afterward they asked for a king;
so God gave them Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years.


....................................

Yes, Paul was a "Hebrew of Hebrews"!

THAT is why he was chosen for the mission God placed him on. NONE could come close to or surpass his "Hebrew-ness" (at least someone of earth). Jesus is the only One Who could surpass him as "Hebrew of Hebrews".

And yes, that would be an intriguing and riveting study of Saul/Paul of the OT and NT.

Wow, Paul was a Pharisee of Pharisees too. THAT is incredible that God could convert him, of all people.

He had to "blind" him to "open his eyes".

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

Yes, Paul was a "Hebrew of Hebrews"!

THAT is why he was chosen for the mission God placed him on. NONE could come close to or surpass his "Hebrew-ness" (at least someone of earth). Jesus is the only One Who could surpass him as "Hebrew of Hebrews".

And yes, that would be an intriguing and riveting study of Saul/Paul of the OT and NT.

Wow, Paul was a Pharisee of Pharisees too. THAT is incredible that God could convert him, of all people.

He had to "blind" him to "open his eyes".

I am going to create a thread on that soon.

Another thing I pondered on was, where Paul is mentioned as coming to Israel in the OT.

The closest I could come was this passage in Jonah [who is also mentioned in the NT]:

What about Jonah

Jonah 1:
1 Now the word of Yahweh came to Jonah son of Amittai, saying,
2 “Arise! Go to the great city of Nineveh and preach against it, because its wickedness has come up before Me
Jonah 3
1 Then the word of the LORD came to Jonah a second time:
2 “Arise! Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim the message that I will give you.”
5 And the Ninevites believed God. They proclaimed a fast and dressed in sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least.

Acts 9
15 “Go!, said the Lord.
“This man is My chosen instrument to carry My name before the Gentiles and their kings, and before the people of Israel.
16 I will show him how much he must suffer for My name.”

Jonah

......................
Paul

 

[brinny]

I am going to create a thread on that soon.

Another thing I pondered on was, where Paul is mentioned as coming to Israel in the OT.

The closest I could come was this passage in Jonah [who is also mentioned in the NT]:

What about Jonah

Jonah 1:
1 Now the word of Yahweh came to Jonah son of Amittai, saying,
2 “Arise! Go to the great city of Nineveh and preach against it, because its wickedness has come up before Me
Jonah 3
1 Then the word of the LORD came to Jonah a second time:
2 “Arise! Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim the message that I will give you.”
5 And the Ninevites believed God. They proclaimed a fast and dressed in sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least.

Acts 9
15 “Go!, said the Lord.
“This man is My chosen instrument to carry My name before the Gentiles and their kings, and before the people of Israel.
16 I will show him how much he must suffer for My name.”

Jonah
View attachment 231236......................
Paul

intriguing. It's like weaving together a tapestry that weaves the OT and NT together.

The more you study it, the more this verse "comes to life" so to speak:

"Call unto me, and I will answer thee, and show thee great and mighty things, which thou knowest not." ~Jeremiah 33:3

"Calling" unto God = "delving into His Word" AND studying it.

Sometimes these are called for:

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

intriguing. It's like weaving together a tapestry that weaves the OT and NT together.

The more you study it, the more this verse "comes to life" so to speak:.................................

Yes indeed!
Did you ever look at this thread I created concerning the OT and NT? I am still adding onto it when I can. If you or others want to comment or add to it, please feel free:

Allusions in Revelation from Old Testament

quote LLoJ:
I find this person's view concerning the "allusions" found in the book of Revelation that are found in the Old Testament/Covenant rather fascinating.
Would anyone like to put down verses from Revelation and the verses from the OT/OC that are alluded to this? I think that would be fun. Thanks

THE SYMBOLISM IN BOOK OF REVELATION

One man studied and found 348 allusions (not illusions, Light) in Revelation from the Old Testament. You see the similarity in wording and the context mirrored in Revelation and the particular Old Testament story, and immediately can recognize the reference source!
That's, IF you know the bible well enough to even notice that.

95 of the 348 plain references used in Revelation as taken from the Old Testament are repeated in Revelation.
That makes about 250 Old Testament passages are cited. How many chapters are in Revelation? 22. That makes about TEN OLD TESTAMENT REFERENCES FOR EVERY CHAPTER!...................

I believe this member gave great advice:

Which is precisely why people shouldn't read the book of Revelation before reading and understanding the Old Testament.
IOW, I've seen some of the most bizarre "interpretations" of the book of Revelation which in no way match up with what had been foretold in the Old Testament..........

 

[brinny]

Yes indeed!
Did you ever look at this thread I created concerning the OT and NT? I am still adding onto it when I can. If you or others want to comment or add to it, please feel free:


Allusions in Revelation from Old Testament

quote LLoJ:
I find this person's view concerning the "allusions" found in the book of Revelation that are found in the Old Testament/Covenant rather fascinating.
Would anyone like to put down verses from Revelation and the verses from the OT/OC that are alluded to this? I think that would be fun. Thanks

THE SYMBOLISM IN BOOK OF REVELATION

One man studied and found 348 allusions (not illusions, Light) in Revelation from the Old Testament. You see the similarity in wording and the context mirrored in Revelation and the particular Old Testament story, and immediately can recognize the reference source!
That's, IF you know the bible well enough to even notice that.

95 of the 348 plain references used in Revelation as taken from the Old Testament are repeated in Revelation.
That makes about 250 Old Testament passages are cited. How many chapters are in Revelation? 22. That makes about TEN OLD TESTAMENT REFERENCES FOR EVERY CHAPTER!...................

I believe this member gave great advice:

Aaaah, yes, i sooooooo agree with the member you quoted (God's Word). We cannot POSSIBLY even BEGIN to understand the book of Revelation without "cutting our teeth" so to speak, and thus digesting and consequently understanding the Old Testament.

There's TREASURE in the Old Testament and many many delightful "lit up moments" when God does what it says in Jeremiah 33:3

 

[LittleLambofJesus]

Zion is also mentioned in the NT:

Genesis 1:1 (NKJV)

Amos 1:
1 These are the words of Amos, who was among the sheepherdersa of Tekoa—what he saw concerning Israel two yearsb before the earthquake, in the days when Uzziah was king of Judah and Jeroboam son of Jehoashc was king of Israel.
2 He said:
“The LORD roars from Zion and raises His voice from Jerusalem;
the pastures of the shepherds mourn, and the summit of Carmel withers.”

This verse is the only one in the NT that mentions Zion and Jerusalem together:

Hebrews 12:22
But y have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, to an innumerable company of angels,

Zion is used 1 time in Revelation:

Revelation 14:1
Then I looked and behold! on Mount Zion stood the Lamb,
and with him 144,000 who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads.

Mount Zion - Wikipedia

Mount Zion (Hebrew: הַר צִיּוֹן‬, Har Tsiyyon; Arabic: جبل صهيون‎, Jabal Sahyoun) is a hill in Jerusalem just outside the walls of the Old City. The term Mount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill.[1][2] In a wider sense, the term is also used for the entire Land of Israel.[3]

The etymology of the word Zion is uncertain.[4][5][6] Mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Samuel (2 Samuel 5:7) as the name of the Jebusite fortress conquered by King David, its origin likely predates the Israelites.[4][5] If Semitic, it may be associated with the Hebrew root ''ṣiyyôn ("castle"). Though not spoken in Jerusalem until hundreds of years later, the name is similar in Arabic and may be connected to the root ṣiyya ("dry land") or the Arabic šanā ("protect" or "citadel").[5][6] It might also be related to the Arabic root ṣahî ("ascend to the top") or ṣuhhay ("tower" or "the top of the mountain").[6] A non-Semitic relationship to the Hurrian word šeya ("river" or "brook") has also been suggested.[6]