Not in all cases
AI Overview (Google: "dual use civilian infrastructure international law")
International law does not legally recognize "dual-use" as a distinct category. Under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), civilian objects are strictly protected unless they become "military objectives". To be targeted legally under Article 52(2) of Additional Protocol I, an object must make an effective contribution to military action, and its destruction must offer a definite military advantage.
The application of IHL to civilian infrastructure involves several critical legal parameters:
Strict Criteria: An object qualifies as a military objective only if its nature, location, purpose, or use makes an effective military contribution. If a facility (like a power grid or bridge) feeds both civilian and military needs, the military must assess the proportionality of civilian harm against the concrete military advantage.
The Principle of Proportionality: Even if a structure is legally deemed a military target, attacks are prohibited if the incidental loss of civilian life, injury, or damage to civilian objects would be excessive compared to the anticipated military advantage.
Indiscriminate Attacks Prohibited: Attacks on essential life-sustaining objects—such as water, energy, or transportation—cannot treat a broad, interconnected civilian and military network as a single target if it causes disproportionate harm to civilians