You speak of purpose, intent or spirit that hasn't changed, not literal letters. The 10 commandments "as-is" is a contextualized form of God's character intended for an Old Covenant context. But "as-is" they are limited and are more about resisting evil through a list of do-not-cross thresholds and can be exploited. The NT teaches Christ's law, which is loving others as yourself, as a fulfillment of the law (not just the 10).
There is a clear language difference between Christ's law and the 10 commandments. Even if you argue their goals are aligned Christ's law operates at a more fundamental level than the 10 adding more resolution to the 10 which are only broad commandments. I would even say it goes beyond a summary, as a summary would not be to "love your neighbour as yourself", but rather "do no harm to others" would be more fitting of the 10. Christ challenges us to go beyond this thinking, and rather than avoid harm/evil, we should be active in doing good.
Commandments 5-10 are more about how we treat each other so broadly people assign "love your neighbour as yourself" to these 6 and 1-4 with the shema (love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul and mind....") Since the Shema is a monothesitic claim in that space there can be no idoltary, taking God's name in vain, or graven images. The 4th is also a monotheistic claim as it points back to a monothestic creation account, so affirming the 4th affirms in a one-God-creation account. The Deut. account of the 10 puts a different spin and anchors the 4th not to creation but to God as the liberator from the Egyptians. Both however, point to God as the central focus without competition and drawn on monotheistic values.
The difference with the 4th is that its requirement is in the weekly ceremony of rest, and its mandatory response is at a conditional level than simply a do or do not threshold moral. Work itself is not inherently wrong, but idolatry, graven images or using God's name in vain is always wrong. Christ's comments on the 4th in Mat 12:12 telling us "it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath" here he compares the action of lawful rest against the action of goodness, showing that goodness is the better way. Christ's law broadly shows that goodness/love is lawful; we all agree to this, but silently assign it to a limited context. However, Mat 12:12 challenges the idea that goodness relates only to the commandments 5-10. Here Christ spills into the 4th commandment and shows that goodness/love is central to its focus, even at the cost of the requirement of the letter. But here's the rub, our call to do goodness/love others never ends so in that space in our every action demonstrates this love, then our actions are always lawful. This of course is only defined with Christ, and not on our own power, but if we are walking according to the spirit then it effective makes the 4th commandment obsolete. We may infact "work" on the sabbath or not work, so long our steps are aligned with the spirit it is lawful.
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