1. You are mistaken about Isa. 14:12 (into Latin or English (transliteration of the Latin word, "lucifer")), being a "mistranslation". The underlying Hebrew word is "heylel" [H1966; "הילל", meaning "splendour"], and comes from:
H1984 "הָלַל", "hâlal", meaning "praise", "shine", "boast" & & El (H410 "אל", "'êl", meaning "God", "mighty", "strength")
Others see connections with:
H353 "איל", "'ĕyâl", meaning "strength", "help" & El (H410 "אל", "'êl", meaning "God", "mighty", "strength")
H3213 "וְהֵילֵל֙", "wə·hê·lêl" (see Eze. 21:12), meaning "howl, wail, cry, lament"
However, the context of Isa. 14, would link the word to brightness, outshining glory, resplendent in shining or to be praised, like as a reflection of the Glory of God's light / character.
The latin word "lucifer" (meaning "light-bearing") is a combination of the Latin words "lux" (genetive of lucis; meaning 'light') & "ferre" (meaning 'to carry, bear'), which translates the Hebrew just fine.
2. You are mistaken that the Hebrew word means "morning star", or that the Latin "lucifer" means "morning star" when neither mean that phrase.
Yet, the text clearly reads, "O lucifer [heylel] , son of the morning" (hëylël Ben-shächar) (הילל בן שחר).
The words for "Venus" (נוגה), or even "star" (כוכב) is / are completely absent from the text under consideration. The word "Morning" is also different from the night "stars" (Nehemiah 4:21). The Hebrews of the Bible never identified "Venus" with the words "heylel" inspite of what later Talmudic scholars suggest. What the Greeks thought is also basically non-sequitur on the subject.
See also:
H5054, "נְגֹהָה", "negôhâh", meaning "splendor - brightness" - see Isaiah 59:9.
H5053 (Syriack), "נגהּ', "nôgahh', meaning "morning", "brightness", "daylight" - see Daniel 6:19.
H5052, "נֹגַהּ", "nogah", meaning "brightness" - see 1 Chronicles 3:9, 14:6.
The word "nogah" is also the present Hebrew word for the planet "Venus" in the Hebrew language.
H5051, "נגהּ", "nôgahh", meaning "brightness", "brilliancy", "bright", "light", "clear", "shining".
H5050, "נגהּ", "nâgahh", meaning "to shine".
See also "ἑωσφόρος", "[h]eosphoros", meaning "light of dawn" "bearing"; From ἕως (héōs, "dawn") + -φόρος (-phóros, "-bearing, -carrying"), from φέρω (phérō, "to bear, to carry").
Lucifer has never been "the morning star"; for that is for Michael / Jesus Christ / Son of God alone (
Michael The Archangel Who Is Like Unto God The Highest Messenger (BOOK) : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive ), for it is another way of saying the sun of righteousness (Malachi 4:2; Psalms 19:4-5), the "day dawn ... the day star" (2 Peter 1:19), the light of God (Revelation 21:23; John 1:7, 8:12, 9:5, 12:46, etc). Also, in the NT koine Greek, the words for "the morning star" (Revelation 2:28) are "αστερα τον πρωινον" (astera ton prwinon), or "the bright and morning star", "αστηρ ο λαμπρος και ορθρινος" (aster o lampros kai orthrinos) not "phosphoros" or "eosphoros". When the NT uses the words "day star" (2 Peter 1:19), then it uses koine Greek, "φωσφορος" (phosphoros), but it too represents Jesus Christ, the Sun of Righteousness (Malachi 4:2; Psalms 84:11, &c) which brings the light (or dawning) of day, not "venus", no matter what scholars say. The word "phosphorus" simply means light-bringing. The fact that others later, hijacked the word to mean "venus", is exactly what I would expect satan to do, to take glory away from the Sun which actually brings the light, to a lowly planet, which merely reflects the light of the sun, to act as a 'star', for it perfectly fits his prideful character.
The very modern, and current, derivatives of "lucifer", such as "luciferian", all relate to the devil, or satan, or satanic worship or satanists. They do not relate to Nebuchadnezzar, or any ancient king of that kingdom. Other derivatives, like Luciferase, which is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes that produce bioluminescense simply refer to light, glowing.
3. You are mistaken about "lucifer" being a "4th century" idea of "Jerome". The Latin word "lucifer" existed in the pre-Jerome 'vulgates', or "Italic" or "Vetus latina" translations. Jerome, was basically just copying those pre-existing mss, and altering portions to fit Roman dogmas for his latest "vulgate", as Helvidius and Jovinian, and others pointed out. He did not invent the word "lucifer" for Isa. 14:12's translation into Latin. It already existed in such Latin translations for hundreds of years, because it is a perfectly valid word for the translation of the Hebrew "heylel" [H1966; "הילל"]. Consider:
Vetus Latin Collection - 12. Esaias - 1. Introductio. 1-39 (Roger Gryson, 1987-1993), page 397
"... [page 397] C lucifer x mane oriens contritus est in terra qui mittit ad ..."
"... [page 397] E " (ditto; ie "lucifer") qui " oriebatur confractus " ad terram " inmittebat " ..."
The notation (by Roger Gryson) on the same page [page 397], says:
"... [page 397; Latin] Jo 3,7,13 (23): Jo 1,9/ dictus est enim quidam Lucifer qui cecidit: erat enim angelus, et factus est diabolus; et dixit de illo scriptura: Lucifer qui mane oriebatur cecidit. unde Lucifer? quia illuminatus lucebat. unde autem tenebrosus factus?/Jo 8,44 ..."
"... [page 397; English Google assisted translation] Jo 3,7,13 (23): Jo 1,9/ for there was a certain one called Lucifer who fell: for he was an angel, and became the devil; and the scripture said of him: Lucifer who rose in the morning fell. Whence came Lucifer? Because he was enlightened, he shone. But whence came he dark?/Jo 8,44 ..."
Jerome's Latin "Vulgate" (one of them):
Isa 14:12 quomodo cecidisti de caelo lucifer qui mane oriebaris corruisti in terram qui vulnerabas gentes
4. In Isa. 14:4 KJB, the text clearly states that it is a “proverb,” which is as a “parable” (that which speaks in symbolism, metaphor, &c.), that God is speaking by Isaiah to “the king of Babylon”, who is called “Lucifer” (Heylel). The real ruler over the kingdom (a fallen celestial intelligence, a created angelic being), and not a man. The text is not referring to Nebuchadnezzar II, who became saved by the gospel through Daniels’ faithful life and speech and God’s providences (Dan. 4:1-37 KJB). Nebuchadnezzar II was not even king at the time of the fall of the Kingdom of Babylon, for that was “Belshazzar” (Dan. 5:1-31 KJB).
5. The entire passage is about the person, and city over which the person rules, and is not some vague reference to a 'star' (local planet (2 Kin. 23:5); ie 'Venus', which never has fallen from the sky). See Chapter 13 - Sincerely Dead Dying, To Know Jesus by brother Aaron Earnest : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
"... The passage begins by specifically mentioning “the oppressor,” “the golden city” (Isa. 14:4 KJB), which is as the head (Isa. 7:9 KJB) of the kingdom of Babylon, and “gold” (Dan. 2:32,37-38 KJB). This “city” (Babylon) is the capital of Lucifer’s kingdom (Babylon). It is the outshining glory of his pride (Dan. 4:30 KJB), as spoken through his one-time servant Nebuchadnezzar II (before his conversion, salvation).
Daniel 4:30 KJB - The king spake, and said, Is not this great Babylon, that I have built for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the honour of my majesty?
The texts go on to speak of “the wicked,” “the rulers” (plural, Isa. 14:5 KJB), and how “he who smote the people in wrath with a continual stroke, he that ruled the nations in anger, is persecuted, and none hindereth.” (Isa. 14:6 KJB)
These things speak to the ruling spirit (mind / heart / living intelligence) behind the city and kingdom of Babylon, which had sent armies to conquer other nations, but is now (in the context) under assault itself by the Medes / Persians & others, as prophecy said would be (Isa. 13:17; Jer. 25:25, 51:11,28; Dan. 1:21, 2:32,39, 5:26,28,31 KJB) and no other nation comes to its (Babylon’s) aid, since it had aided no other nation previously (thus the golden rule is applied, in what they did to others is done unto them).
Then, once Babylon is taken by the Medes / Persians, the “whole earth is at rest, and is quiet,” being at peace, and without the fear of Babylon (Isa. 14:7 KJB) attacking or pressuring them through tribute, &c. Those other nations then rejoice, and “break forth into singing.” The “fir trees,” “the choice cedars of Lebanon” (Isa. 14:8 KJB) then speak. Trees in scripture are used as symbols of nations and peoples, and even leadership of nations / peoples (as Nebuchadnezzar II was likened unto; Dan. 4:11,14-16, 20-22,24; Jdg. 9:8-16; Isa. 7:2; Eze. 31:3-18; Luk. 21:29 KJB).
What they (people of those northern nations, symbolized) say is that since Babylon has fallen (previously the “feller” (one who cuts down) of others) no others have come to attack them. Babylon used the sword of the state (Rom. 13:4 KJB) to conquer others, and now the same sword of the state was used to conquer it (see in example Rev. 13:10 KJB). The golden rule (Mat. 7:12 KJB), “for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword” (Mat. 26:52 KJB), is applied in its true measure of justice & judgment.
The word “hell” (Isa. 14:9 KJB; Hebrew: [H7585], “שׁאול”, “sh'ôl”, “sheol”, meaning “the grave, pit, place of covered darkness”) is symbolically (“proverb”) used to describe the grave in a personification, as if “hell” were waiting to receive the fallen city Babylon (Isa. 21:9; Jer. 50:15, 51:8 KJB) among the rest of the dead kingdoms (who were without the life of / in Jesus Christ, being dead in trespasses and in sins; Eph. 2:1 KJB), “all the chief ones of the earth,” “their thrones all the kings of the nations” (Isa. 14:9 KJB). Those which are dead in sins, defeated, are those that make up ‘hell’. Dead, defeated, burnt out husks of cities, with their slain, as corpses among the “stones” (cities), as tombstones.
These other nations that had fallen in sin, symbolically speak (in example) to the city / kingdom of Babylon asking, “Art thou also become weak as we? art thou become like unto us?” (Isa. 14:10 KJB).
In other words, those nations that had been conquered and lie destroyed as Babylon now is to be, cry out (as historical witnesses), asking essentially, ‘Are you (Babylon the conqueror) also conquered’? ‘Are you lying in ruins, as we are?’ ‘Are your dead (citizens, soldiers, courtiers, &c.) as heaps upon the ground, and scattered among the fallen ‘stones’ (city walls, buildings, towers, &c.) as ours?’ All this is to say that there is no ‘immortal soul / spirit’ theology to promote here, since the passage is not speaking of such anywhere, but instead paints a prophetic picture using symbols of other nations that lie in ruins, being present examples, of what has now become of Babylon (city / nation) itself. Instead of Babylon being the glory of the Kingdoms, the “golden” kingdom, it had become dross, and came to even greater ruin than others, because of its once lofty height of pride, and the terrible earth-shattering fall in its overthrow by the Medo-Persians. The left-over (remnant) peoples of those overthrown nations, are like worms that crawl over the heaps and ruins of their shattered cities and kingdoms and in witnessing the fall of Babylon, they now proverbially speak to it, and of themselves (as examples).
All the glory (“pomp”) of Babylon is brought to nothing, and to the death of the grave of which there is no life. All the “noise of thy viols” (Isa. 14:11 KJB), the very “musick” (Dan. 3:5,7,10, 15 KJB) of Babylon is ceased (Zep. 2:5 KJB), even as it had made the music of Israel and other nations to cease (Lam. 5:15; Psa. 137:3 KJB) before. Babylon is now eaten and devoured, plundered, as a rotting corpse, devoured of worms (remnant peoples that come and take pieces of this or that from out of it, as like physical worms do to a rotting corpse), so that all of its riches go flowing out of it. Those of mankind are individually called “worms” (Job 25:6; Psa. 22:6; Isa. 41:14; Mic. 7:17 KJB). The question is, ‘How did that glorious living city, once abundant with movement, musick and mankind, as a shining jewel of the earth, come to be without life, and desolate?’
The inspiration of God, then transitions from the kingdom and city to the true leadership that has brought all that glory down to nothing; ie. Lucifer (Heylel). This glorious being of once-heavenly intellect, and who was also once the reflector of God’s glory, yet then through his sin (Isa. 14:13-14; Eze. 28:18; 2 Pet. 2:4 KJB), is to come to nothing in the text, and everything he had, given to others. Satan had thought through Nebuchadnezzar II, and other kings of Babylon to raise his own kingdom above all others on the earth, lifting himself up above all through force of might, and conquering, but in the night of debauchery and mental slumbering, when all seemed as peace and safety (quiet and secure) behind massive fortified defenses, in the time of King Belshazzar, pride lifted itself up to heaven, and God judged (Dan. 5:1-31 KJB). Once that occurred, no amount of preparation, or defenses, or armies, of Babylon could hold, and stay, the words / judgment of the eternal and living God. History has repeated in those events once witnessed in Heaven (Rev. 12:7-9 KJB), now seen again in the fall of Babylon (city & kingdom).
Just as the city of Babylon was brought to ruin, desolation and destruction, so too would Lucifer also be brought to the same condition. Babylon is also a type of the final overthrow of satan’s kingdom (Babylon the great) on earth (Rev. 17-18,20 KJB). Babylon, that had taken “captives” & killed, would itself become captive & killed. So likewise, such also will occur to Lucifer, in the final events of the earth’s history. In its (Babylon the great’s), and his own, destruction, it would not be honoured in death, but remained cursed forever and ever. He who has ears to hear, let him hear what the Spirit of God sayeth to the reader. ..."
