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Yeah I wasn’t sure if that was referring to the Christian Pentecost or the Jewish one.
The fact that he was in a hurry to get particularly to the city of Jerusalem, points to the pilgrim feast aspect of Pentecost.
But of course, to Paul it is both. Pentecost is a shadow pointing to Christ. He knows Christ. And myriads (tens of thousands) of Jews in Jerusalem (a large percentage of the population) also came to know Christ.
So the Jewish believers didn't just stop regarding the law.
Acts 21:20
20 And when they heard it, they glorified the Lord. And they said to him, “You see, brother, how many myriads of Jews there are who have believed, and they are all zealous for the law (NKJV)
They were then able to point other Jews to Christ through that means.
Yet, they knew they were not saved by the law. They were justified by the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ:
Acts 15:11
11 But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved in the same manner as they.” (NKJV)
The law was a tutor to bring them to Christ that they might be justified by faith, not observance of the law.
Galatians 3:24-25
24 Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith. 25 But after faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor. (NKJV)
Jesus was born of a woman, born under law, to redeem those under the law, that they might receive adoption:
Galatians 4:4-7
4 But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons.
6 And because you are sons, God has sent forth the Spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father!” 7 Therefore you are no longer a slave but a son, and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ. (NKJV)
They are not under the law. They walk in the Spirit, putting to death the works of the flesh. and they carry out the fruit of the Spirit, against which there is no law:
Galatians 5:16-25
16 I say then: Walk in the Spirit, and you shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh. 17 For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one another, so that you do not do the things that you wish. 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law.
19 Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lewdness, 20 idolatry, sorcery, hatred, contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions, dissensions, heresies, 21 envy, murders, drunkenness, revelries, and the like; of which I tell you beforehand, just as I also told you in time past, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.
22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, self-control. Against such there is no law. 24 And those who are Christ’s have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. 25 If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in the Spirit (NKJV)
We see the same death to the law and life to God through the Spirit in Romans:
Romans 7:1-6
1 Or do you not know, brethren (for I speak to those who know the law), that the law has dominion over a man as long as he lives? 2 For the woman who has a husband is bound by the law to her husband as long as he lives. But if the husband dies, she is released from the law of her husband. 3 So then if, while her husband lives, she marries another man, she will be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from that law, so that she is no adulteress, though she has married another man. 4 Therefore, my brethren, you also have become dead to the law through the body of Christ, that you may be married to another—to Him who was raised from the dead, that we should bear fruit to God. 5 For when we were in the flesh, the sinful passions which were aroused by the law were at work in our members to bear fruit to death. 6 But now we have been delivered from the law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter. (NKJV)
The Spirit does what the law could not do, as it was weak through the flesh. The righteous requirements of the law are met in those who walk in the Spirit:Romans 8:3-4
3 For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh, 4 that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. (NKJV)
The law is not meant for the righteous person but the lawless and insubordinate:1 Timothy 1:5-11
5 Now the purpose of the commandment is love from a pure heart, from a good conscience, and from sincere faith, 6 from which some, having strayed, have turned aside to idle talk, 7 desiring to be teachers of the law, understanding neither what they say nor the things which they affirm.
8 But we know that the law is good if one uses it lawfully, 9 knowing this: that the law is not made for a righteous person, but for the lawless and insubordinate, for the ungodly and for sinners, for the unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, 10 for fornicators, for sodomites, for kidnappers, for liars, for perjurers, and if there is any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine, 11 according to the glorious gospel of the blessed God which was committed to my trust. (NKJV)
Paul still verified he kept the law in Acts 21. But He did not look to it for his righteousness:Philippians 3:2-11
Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the mutilation! 3 For we are the circumcision, who worship God in the Spirit, rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh, 4 though I also might have confidence in the flesh. If anyone else thinks he may have confidence in the flesh, I more so: 5 circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee; 6 concerning zeal, persecuting the church; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.
7 But what things were gain to me, these I have counted loss for Christ. 8 Yet indeed I also count all things loss for the excellence of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them as rubbish, that I may gain Christ 9 and be found in Him, not having my own righteousness, which is from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is from God by faith; 10 that I may know Him and the power of His resurrection, and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death, 11 if, by any means, I may attain to the resurrection from the dead. (NKJV)
By the way, the fact that the church still celebrates Pascha, recognizing Christ as our Passover Lamb (I Cor 5), celebrates Pentecost, the resurrection on the wavesheaf (which was undeniably a Sunday, and which Jesus fulfilled as the firstfruits from the dead, I Cor. 15), etc. show that the shadows were not forgotten.But they are shadows, and Christ is reality.
The command is to not let anyone judge you. That would apply whether the Colossians were observing or not observing these shadows. In Romans 14, it was not a matter to judge, but those who observed did so to the Lord, and those who did not, the same.
So no, I don't think the uncircumcised Gentiles in the flesh had to keep the appointed times. They were never commanded to in the first place. But as long as they were not doing it for salvation, I don't think it would be a problem either. It wasn't something to judge regarding. They were already complete in Christ.
When it became an issue was when people tried to be justified by the law. And then Paul took a very hard line:
Galatians 5:2-5
2 Indeed I, Paul, say to you that if you become circumcised, Christ will profit you nothing. 3 And I testify again to every man who becomes circumcised that he is a debtor to keep the whole law. 4 You have become estranged from Christ, you who attempt to be justified by law; you have fallen from grace. 5 For we through the Spirit eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness by faith. (NKJV)
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