Biblical Cosmology

Apple Sky said:

I can't believe you had to ask.

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I wasn’t the one who asked the question.

Apple Sky said:

God himself -

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Yes, many believe that God is the author of the Bible. According
to 2 Timothy 3:16, Scripture is "breathed out" by God, indicating
divine inspiration. While human authors wrote the texts, it is
believed that God guided these writers through the Holy Spirit,
making Him the ultimate author of the Bible. [Copilot Answer]

The Hebrew Bible, the Hebrew calendar, and the 7-day weekly cycle
are part of the oracle/s [an utterance], committed to the Jews for
all mankind. Romans 3:1-2, Acts 7:38, Hebrews 5:12. And God said....
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I should have phrased the question, did any biblical writers
use science to discover their understanding of the cosmos?

God revealed some truths to Bible [writers] long before [scientists]
came to understand them. It does not mean Bible writers/prophets
understood everything that they wrote or prophesied about.
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Can we say God is a scientist? I like to call Him the Creator.
Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge
in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe...

The difference would be I think: Did God have all knowledge before
He started to create anything, or did He learn more along the way.

I do know God is A Mathematician- with the “discovery” of biblical
numeric patterns in the original language of the Scriptures.

People say the bible is not a science book, that would be correct.
If God had made science books of the laws that govern creation back
in Geneses, no library [back then] would be able to contain them.

Yet the bible is full of scientific principles, some mentioned long
before any modern scientists discovered them by studying nature.

The entire material realm operates in accordance with physical laws.
The Lord is a God of knowledge 1 Samuel 2:3, Psalm 139:6,
Proverbs 1:7, Isaiah 28:9. God is also the supreme lawgiver.

"Over centuries scientists have extracted various [scientific laws] from
countless observations, hypotheses, and experiments. These scientific
laws are, in a sense, the “rules” of the game that nature plays."

"One remarkable discovery about nature—one that underlies everything
you will read about in this text—is that the same laws apply everywhere
in the universe. The rules that determine the motion of stars so far away
that your eye cannot see them are the same laws that determine the arc
of a baseball after a batter has hit it out of the park."
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God asked Job "Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven?
Canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth? Science
[still finding more ordinances] that apply to both heavens and earth.

"Scientists have extracted tens of thousands of scientific laws from
observations, hypotheses, and experiments. These laws are the
"rules" that describe the behavior of the natural world and apply
universally within the scientific community".

God's laws are the cornerstones of scientific inquiry and the foundation
upon which mankind bases their understanding of the things created.

A person who conducted scientific research was called
a "natural philosopher" or "man of science"

Sorry about my long-winded posts and poor bedside manner,
my wife must not let me out of the house enough. Isaiah 1:18

Apple Sky said:

• Firmament:
  The "firmament" is a key concept in biblical cosmology, representing the solid dome or vault that separates the waters above from those below, allowing for the creation of dry land.

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The "firmament" is a key concept in [Gods creation] in Gods Word in print.

-God made the firmament and called it Heaven.
Notice heaven here is in singular form. The bible has at least 3 Heavens.

8 And [God called the firmament Heaven]. Birds fly in this heaven. The first Heaven,
the Atmosphere or firmament of water/air. Holding [the Breath of life] all creatures need.

“The Earth’s atmosphere allows life to exist. . . like a protective bubble
that surrounds the planet,” stated Ueyama. Although we cannot directly
see the atmosphere, it provides the air we breathe and protects us from
harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays."

-and divided the waters which were [under the firmament/Heaven]
from the waters which were [above the firmament/Heaven]:

9And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together
unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
10And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of
the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.

The water under the firmament gathered together called seas.
What about the water that was above the firmament?

The first heaven/firmament consists of [the Earth’s atmosphere].
The second heaven is the [vast space] beyond the atmosphere.

Nehemiah 9:6 (KJV)
1Thou, even thou, art LORD alone; thou hast made heaven,
2 the heaven of heavens, with all their host,
3 the earth, and all things that are therein,
4 the seas, and all that is therein, and thou preservest
them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee.

The second heaven is called the "heaven of heavens".
The waters that are [above the firmament].

Deuteronomy 10:14 (KJV)1 Kings 8:27, 2 Chronicles 6:18
Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the LORD 's
thy God, the earth also , with all that therein is.

Then there is heavens of heavens

Psalm 148:4 (KJV) Praise him, ye heavens of heavens,
And ye waters that be above the heavens.

There is also a third heaven, the home of God (ii Cor. 12:1-2).
Jesus Christ passed through the first two heavens as He ascended
to the third heaven Hebrews 4:14. John 3:13 refers to the 3rd heaven.
If there was no 2nd heaven in the bible, why mention a third.

Apple Sky said:

The Mazzaroth = The Constellations.

In the context of the Bible, constellations are groups of stars that form recognizable patterns in the night sky. These celestial formations have been observed and named by various cultures throughout history, including those in the ancient Near East. The Bible makes several references to constellations, often highlighting God's sovereignty and creative power over the heavens.

1. Job 9:9 : "He is the Maker of the Bear and Orion, of the Pleiades and the constellations of the south." This verse acknowledges God's creation of specific constellations, emphasizing His authority over the universe. The "Bear" likely refers to the constellation Ursa Major, while "Orion" and "Pleiades" are well-known constellations visible in the night sky.

2. Job 38:31-32 : "Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion? Can you bring forth the constellations in their seasons or lead out the Bear with its cubs?" Here, God challenges Job, illustrating His unmatched power and wisdom in controlling the cosmos. The rhetorical questions underscore human limitations compared to divine omnipotence.

3. Isaiah 13:10 : "For the stars of heaven and their constellations will not give their light; the rising sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light." This prophetic imagery describes a time of divine judgment, where celestial bodies, including constellations, are affected.

The same constellations have been seen from the beginning when God created the earth, they haven't changed nor will they ever not until Jesus's return.

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exactly as we would expect on a rotating globe orbiting the Sun

Apple Sky said:

How would this be possible on a rotating globe ?

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If the globe did not rotate you could not have day and night

trophy33 said:

It is obvious to us, in the 21st century, because we know about the atmospheric pressure and about the space. For a bronze/iron age culture the only explanation of how the things stick above their heads without falling down was a solid plate above the Earth. With holes for rain.

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not a description we find in the Bible

Apple Sky said:

• • Examples in the Bible:
    • Joshua 10:12-14: God commands the sun to stand still,
      implying the sun revolves around the earth

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The text says Joshua spoke in front of all Isreal and [he commanded]
this miracle, God hearkened and obliged him. In view of Joshua and
all Isreal, observed from earth-the sun stopped and the moon stayed still.

12Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the
LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel,

and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still
upon Gibeon;And thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon.

So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven,
and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

14And there was no day like that before it or after it,
that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man:
for the LORD fought for Israel.

The bible does not say what command God used to make this Mirical.
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I have heard many people say "did you see the pretty sunrise/sunset today?
Today t.v. news shows sunrise pictures and tell us when tomorrows sunrise is.
You can go online and find in advance anywhere on earth when the sun
will start shining at sunrise and when it does not shine at sunset.

Should we inform all these people above they are wrong? I have won many
fun bets [not money] on this subject. Someone mentions sunrise, and I bet
them -like saying the sun does not rise in the east and sets in the west: and win.

The Earth rotates from west to east on its axis, causing the sun, moon, and
stars to move from east to west in the sky, that we observe from earth.

38:8...... "...is gone down on the sundial of Ahaz...."
Should we change the name of the sundial to the earth rotation dial?
Tell Almanac the rising and setting times of the Sun and Moon are wrong?

Mankind have been using this phrase to describe [their observations]
of the suns movement ever since the first man saw the sun appear.

Although not as accurate as modern clocks, sundials remain ingenious
ways to harness the power of nature for timekeeping in [local time].
Human beings have no 'speed organs' which can sense absolute speed.
Humans do not feel the speed that the earth is rotating on its axes.

The sun and moon had stopped moving (or rather, the earth stopped
rotating) for about the length of an entire day. Whether or not one believes
this miracle occurred, this is recorded in [mans perception] of this event.

14And there was no day like that before it or after it.. It's no Suprise
that there are several legends of a odd long day in the past.

God used [the observable sun], not the earth or it's rotation
for mankind to [mark] the daytime hours of the thing we call day.

The Sun rose/set: How would you describe this process
knowing the earth rotates on its axes and not the sun moving?

When the earth rotates one half turn on it's axes, it is morning?
Earth's rotation was not confirmed by scientists till 18th, 19th centuries.

John 11:9 (KJV)
Jesus answered, Are there not twelve hours in the day?
If any man walk in the day, he stumbleth not, because
he seeth the light of this world.

Acts 2:15 (KJV)
For these are not drunken, as ye suppose,
seeing it is but the third hour of the day.

Matthew 16:3 (KJV)
And in the morning, It will be foul weather to day: for the sky is red
and lowring. O ye hypocrites, [ye can discern the face of the sky;]
but can ye not discern the signs of the times?

Apple Sky said:

Read Genesis 1 - In The Beginning.

Biblical cosmology refers to the biblical writers' understanding of the cosmos as an organized, structured entity, including its origin, order, meaning, and destiny, often depicted as a three-part world: heavens, Earth, and the underworld.

Here's a more detailed look:

• Three-Tiered Universe:
  The Hebrew Bible portrays a universe with three distinct realms:
  • Heavens (shamayim): Above the earth, often depicted as a solid dome or firmament separating the waters above from the waters below.
    
    
  • Earth (eres): The realm where humans live, described as a flat, circular land surrounded by an ocean.
    
    
  • Underworld (sheol): The realm below the earth, often associated with the dead.
    
    Has God's words changed that much ? NO
    
    King James Bible
    Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.

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Scripture is written in such a way as to be accurate and to make a certain amount of sense to the readers

Apple Sky said:

• • Examples in the Bible:
    • • Genesis 1:1: "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth".
      • Psalm 103:2: "He stretched out the heavens like a tent".
      • Joshua 10:12-14: God commands the sun to stand still, implying the sun revolves around the earth.

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The heavens do stretch out - cosmic expansion - like a curtain

Einstein said that describing relative motion within a frame of reference is a valid way to describe that motion.
To an observer on Earth the Sun appears to rise and set.
So if God pauses the rotation of Earth the Sun would appear to stand still to an observer on Earth

In the beginning God is the Creator of everything. We still say that same thing