Was Jesus' resurrection a surprise to Satan?

No, not exactly. Jesus repeatedly predicted his death and resurrection (Mt 16:21, 17:22-23, 20:18-19). Satan was aware of this.

1C 2:

6 Yet among the mature we do impart wisdom, although it is not a wisdom of this age or of the rulers of this age, who are doomed to pass away. 7 But we impart a secret and hidden wisdom of God, which God decreed before the ages for our glory. 8 None of the rulers of this age understood this, for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.

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Satan knew about the resurrection event ahead of time but didn't know the secret and hidden wisdom associated with Jesus' resurrection. He didn't know the full consequences of it. No one knew:

9 But, as it is written,

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“What no eye has seen, nor ear heard,
nor the heart of man imagined,
what God has prepared for those who love him”—

10 these things God has revealed to us through the Spirit. For the Spirit searches everything, even the depths of God.

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After the resurrection, the Spirit revealed the hidden wisdom to the Apostles:

At the Pentecost, Peter spoke in Ac 2:

23 "This Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men. 24 God raised him up, loosing the pangs of death, because it was not possible for him to be held by it.

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Jesus defeated death by his resurrection.

Ephesians 1:

20 [God] raised [Christ] from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly realms, far above all rule and authority, power and dominion, and every name that is invoked, not only in the present age but also in the one to come.

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Jesus defeated Satan by his death and resurrection.

Colossians 2:

15 Having disarmed the powers and authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross.

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Through the resurrection, Jesus publicly shamed Satan and his forces, exposing their impotence against God's power.

Romans 5:

18 Consequently, just as one trespass resulted in condemnation for all people, so also one righteous act resulted in justification and life for all men.

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The Cross redeems people.

Revelation 12:

11 They triumphed over him [Satan] by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony; they did not love their lives so much as to shrink from death.

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By Jesus' death and resurrection, we too can defeat Satan. The Cross empowers believers.

Was Jesus' resurrection a surprise to Satan?

Satan was not surprised by the event itself, but he was shocked by its consequences. The resurrection declared God's ultimate victory over sin, death, and evil. It marked the decisive turning point in the cosmic battle between good and evil. God won at that point in space-time history.