Just thought I would jump in here. Genesis was authored by Moses and other Levites. There is no indication of any such tablets and the Pentateuch was probably finished before they ever crossed Jordon.
Browse to www dot ldolphin dot org, search for the word "tablet" on the page, then click on the link for "tablet theory of Genesis authorship". It gives a pretty good explanation for why Genesis may have been composed as a series of tablets by Adam, Noah, etc. themselves, and then later collated by Moses.
I suspect that you might have thought that the "tablet theory of Genesis authorship" was supposed to dismiss the authorship of the Pentateuch. Far from it. But on the other hand, if Genesis were originally composed as a series of tablets, then the literary style of one might easily differ from the literary style of another.
That's what I was getting at.
It seems that before we dismiss the Hebrew Scriptures as contrived or derived we should consider what we could compare it to. What you will find from that region and those periods are dead languages, dead cultures and dead religions with one significant exception, the Hebrew Scriptures.
So are you implying that we shouldn't bother studying dead cultures? Ancient Egypt? Babylon? Assyria?
Seems that in the past couple of centuries, there were biblical scholars with an avid interest in excavating archaeological remains, etc., to try to shed light on the bible.
That's all I'm doing, trying to shed light on it.
Here is an important parallelism from the Genesis account of Creation:
So God created man in his own image,
in the image of God created he him;
male and female created he them. (Gen. 1:27)
It uses a special word for this creation, it's 'bara' (H1254 - bara' בָּרָא
, it's a word used only of God and only of a new creation. It's used once in Gen. 1:1 for the creation of the 'heavens and the earth'. The creation of life (Gen. 1:21) and the creation of man it's used three times in Gen. 1:27.
The ancient Hebrews did this for a reason, it was used for emphasis, it's very common in Hebrew Scripture. It emphasizes that God created the universe, all that is in them and especially, God created life. There is nothing like this in the sparse pagan literature from the era, the elementals always proceeded the gods.
Exactly. That's why Genesis 1-3 was a
polemic against those other, earlier stories.
And as far as the use of the term
bara, we've been over this before, Mark. You mentioned that it's used in connection with the creation of life, but I countered that the use of the term
taniyn is closer in context than "every living thing," etc., in that verse.
Look, we're each firmly convinced that our own respective position is right, and we have plenty of evidence marshalled to back it up. We can go around and around on this, but what I think we do agree on is that God made a covenant with Adam and Eve, who were real people who lived roughly six thousand years ago.
Okay?
Assyrian, as far as the Pentateuch not quite being finished and in the form we have it today, absolutely agreed. In fact, the Pentateuch was gradually added to and edited over time (NOT the way the JEDP theory claims, however). For instance, Deuteronomy 17:14-20 mentions setting a king over the Israelites. There wasn't any king in Moses' time, so this was added later once Saul was crowned king. The instructions for keeping "Passover" in Deuteronomy 16:1-8 were edited, probably in the time of Ezra, when the term "Passover" came to apply to the whole Feast of Unleavened Bread (compare Ex. 12:1-20). Ex. 12:9 specifically says to roast the Passover lamb with fire and do NOT boil it in water. In contrast, Deut. 16:7 uses a verb which is translated "roast" but actually means "boil".
Probably the best book on how the bible came to be composed is "Restoring the Original Bible" by Ernest Martin. It's available online at askelm dot org. Click on the "books" menu, then "books online", then "Restoring the Original Bible".
Anyway, there are probably plenty more examples of editing that we don't know about, as well. The point, Mark, is that, no, biblical minimalists aren't correct that Deuteronomy was composed when King Josiah "found" the book of Deuteronomy in a trash heap in the Temple. But on the other hand, no, the Pentateuch wasn't composed inviolate and wholly by Moses.
Damon