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If God can replace Israel, He can replace the Church, too

Michie

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If the sun still rises, God’s covenant with Israel still stands.

That’s the startling logic of Jeremiah 33where the fixed order of creation is offered as proof that God’s promises to the Jewish people are unbreakable. Yet in an age of rising theological confusion and mounting hostility toward Israel, many in the Church have begun to waver. Replacement Theology is back, often dressed in more “respectable” robes. But let’s be clear: if God can abandon Israel, then no one is safe. If He breaks that promise, why wouldn’t He break yours? Has God truly revoked His covenant? Has the Church replaced Israel in His plan? Or is the continued existence of Israel as certain as the sunrise?

The answer, resoundingly and unmistakably, is found in the mouth of the prophet Jeremiah:

“Thus says the Lord: ‘If My covenant is not with day and night, and if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth, then I will cast away the descendants of Jacob and David My servant, so that I will not take any of his descendants to be rulers over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. For I will cause their captives to return and will have mercy on them” (Jeremiah 33:25-26, NKJV).
These two verses are both a prophetic rebuke and a theological anchor. God Himself sets the terms: Only if the rhythm of day and night ceases — only if the laws that govern the cosmos unravel — then, and only then, would He cast off Israel.

Continued below.
 

ViaCrucis

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If the sun still rises, God’s covenant with Israel still stands.

That’s the startling logic of Jeremiah 33where the fixed order of creation is offered as proof that God’s promises to the Jewish people are unbreakable. Yet in an age of rising theological confusion and mounting hostility toward Israel, many in the Church have begun to waver. Replacement Theology is back, often dressed in more “respectable” robes. But let’s be clear: if God can abandon Israel, then no one is safe. If He breaks that promise, why wouldn’t He break yours? Has God truly revoked His covenant? Has the Church replaced Israel in His plan? Or is the continued existence of Israel as certain as the sunrise?

The answer, resoundingly and unmistakably, is found in the mouth of the prophet Jeremiah:


These two verses are both a prophetic rebuke and a theological anchor. God Himself sets the terms: Only if the rhythm of day and night ceases — only if the laws that govern the cosmos unravel — then, and only then, would He cast off Israel.

Continued below.

I'm sure there probably are people who believe the Church has replaced Israel, but the overwhelming majority of the time the accusation of "Replacement Theology" is nothing more than a pejorative to dismiss what is basic, biblical, and historic Christian teaching.

St. Paul gives us a key to helping us get our cards laid out.

"I ask, then, has God rejected His people? By no means! For I myself am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, a member of the tribe of Benjamin. God has not rejected His people whom He foreknew. Do you not know what the Scripture says of Elijah, how he appeals to God against Israel? 'Lord, they have killed Your prophets, they have demolished Your altars, and I alone am left, and they seek my life.' But what is God's reply to him? 'I have kept for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.' So too at the present time there is a remnant, chosen by grace. But if it is by grace, it is no longer on the basis of works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace." - Romans 11:1-6

The Apostle compares the remnant of faithful Israel who refused to bow to Baal with those who have embraced Jesus as Messiah and Lord. This is relevant, because when the Apostle talks about the inclusion of the Gentiles, he speaks of the Gentiles as being included in the commonwealth of Israel, as wild branches grafted onto the olive tree.

"Therefore remember that at one time you Gentiles in the flesh, called 'the uncircumcision' by what is called 'the circumcision', which is made in the flesh by hands--remember that you were at that time separated from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. For He Himself is our peace, who has made both one and has broken down in His flesh the dividing wall of hostility by abolishing the law of commandments expressed in ordinances, that He might create in Himself one new man in place of the two, so making peace, and might reconcile both to God in one body through the cross, thereby killing the hostility. And He came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who are near. For through Him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father. So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God, built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the cornerstone, in Whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord. In Him you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit." - Ephesians 2:11-22

In the Messiah the Gentiles have been grafted in, brought in, and along with believing Jews are together one new people; there is neither Jew nor Greek. In Christ both Jew and Gentile are one. The Gentiles are now children of the same promises given to Israel, they are members of Israel, and Abraham is the common father of all who have faith in the Messiah. And in this way the promise made to Abraham is fulfilled, that he would be the father of many nations, through the promised Seed--that is, Jesus Christ (see Galatians 3:16).

What has happened to Israel then? Has it been replaced? Of course not. Israel has always been Israel. But Gentiles, formerly estranged, foreign, having no participation in the covenant and promises of Israel are now, through the Messiah, included and are full citizens along with the Jews. So that Jew and Gentile, together in the Messiah, are Israel. But even as it was in the days of Elijah, where there were those who were faithful to YHWH and those who were unfaithful; faithfulness to YHWH is in believing in the Messiah--in Jesus. Not that God has turned His back on the Jewish people; but that those who are in the Messiah remain faithful to YHWH; and every Gentile who formerly was an alien and a stranger has come to know YHWH and is now a member of His House, His Covenant People. It is not circumcision in the flesh that matters, but spiritual circumcision of the heart that matters--for the one who has been baptized has put off the old self and is made new in the Messiah (Galatians 3:21, Colossians 2:11-13).

For there is a New Covenant established in the blood of the Messiah, as it was in ancient times foretold by Jeremiah the Prophet,

"Behold the days are coming, declares YHWH, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant that they broke, though I was as their husband, declares YHWH. For this is the covenant that I will made with the house of Israel after those days, declares YHWH: I will put My law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they will be My people. And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, 'Know YHWH,' for they shall all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares YHWH. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more." - Jeremiah 31:31-34

The author of Hebrews adds this:

"In speaking of a new covenant, He makes the first one obsolete. And what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away." - Hebrews 8:13

The Old Covenant was established in order that it might serve to point to Messiah and His new and better Covenant. For Christ doesn't point to Moses, but Moses to Christ. It is Christ who is the spiritual rock in the wilderness (1 Corinthians 10:1-4). He brings in a new and better priesthood, one that isn't established on the basis of genealogy, but which precedes Aaron and Levi, in the order of Melchizedek. And He offers as Great High Priest the once-and-perfect Sacrifice of Himself which has atoned for the sins of the whole world.

The Church has not replaced Israel. The Church is Israel.

I, a Gentile, am a member of the commonwealth of Israel through the Messiah; and therefore can call Abraham my father. Not in arrogance, as though God has turned His back on the Jewish people, or as though I am as a wild shoot grafted upon the tree better than the natural branch which was pruned (for if a natural branch can be pruned, how much more the grafted branch?). But I am, along with all Jewish and Gentile believers in the Messiah, members of God's household which is of faith, established by His grace, that all who believe belong to Him.

Not as though God has turned His face away from those Jews who do not believe, but that they too should also repent and believe the Good News. Even as this Gospel is to go forth to all nations, beginning in Jerusalem, throughout all of Judea and Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth--so that every Jew and Gentile, every man, woman, and child, whether they be king or peasant, slave or free, rich or poor, might hear this Good News, and be transformed by the power of God's grace, and brought into the peace of Christ, reconciled to God, and have a place at the Table. For we should affirm with St. Paul, that we are "not ashamed of the Gospel, for it is the power of God to save all who believe, the Jew first, and also the Greek." (Romans 1:16), for the Apostle will go on to say in Romans 11, where I first began quoting in this post, that "God has consigned all to disobedience in order that He might have mercy on all" (Romans 11:32). For whether Jew or Gentile "all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and are justified by His grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus," (Romans 3:23-24).

Therefore, God wills and desires that all who repent and be saved. It is the good will of God that all things should be united together in the Messiah.

"In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of His grace, which He lavished upon us, in all wisdom and insight, making known to us the mystery of His will, according to His purpose, which He set forth in Christ as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in Him, things in heaven and things on earth." - Ephesians 1:7-10

"I looked, and behold, a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying out with a loud voice, 'Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!' And all the angels were standing around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, saying, 'Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power and might be to our God forever and ever! Amen!'"- Revelation 7:9-12

"And He who was seated on the throne said, 'Behold, I am making all things new.' Also He said, 'Write this down, for these words are trustworthy and true.' And He said to me, 'It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To the thirsty I will give from the spring of the water of life without payment. The one who overcomes will have this inheritance, and I will be his God, and he will be My son." - Revelation 21:5-7


Holy God. Holy Almighty. Holy Immortal. Glory to You.

-CryptoLutheran
 
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trophy33

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The covenant in Jeremiah 33 is about Christ. And yes, it was not broken, Christ really came.

If Christianpost.com wants to read this "literally":

For this is what the LORD says: David will never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel, 18nor will the priests who are Levites ever fail to have a man before Me to offer burnt offerings, to burn grain offerings, and to present sacrifices.”

Then they have a problem, because such promise would need to be considered failed. Burnt offerings ended with Christ and the throne of Israel... well, there has been no throne for a loooong time in Israel.

The last kind of king was Herod and he was not from the Davidic line. He was of Idumean (Edomite) descent, with ancestors who had been forcibly converted to Judaism.
 
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Clare73

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I'm sure there probably are people who believe the Church has replaced Israel, but the overwhelming majority of the time the accusation of "Replacement Theology" is nothing more than a pejorative to dismiss what is basic, biblical, and historic Christian teaching.
And "Replacement Theology" is their misnomer for Fulfillment Theology.
 
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RandyPNW

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The Gentiles are now children of the same promises given to Israel, they are members of Israel...
....So that Jew and Gentile, together in the Messiah, are Israel.
No, the Church as a whole are a new people, as opposed to the OT people of Israel. But that never made the Church as a whole 'Israel." Many nations have become, in history, Christian nations. But Israel has not yet become a Christian nation. Let's hope Israel becomes a Christian nation when Jesus returns. And let's hope fallen Christian nations will rise again to be truly Christian nations again in the Millennium.

This is just my opinion. I'm aware that for many centuries the Church as a whole rejected Israel's place in future prophecy, and rejected the idea of whole nations in NT promises. Individuals are saved, they said, and not "nations."

But there is a difference between prophecies for nations to be "Christian" in their constitution and promises for individuals who are truly saved, spiritually. Israel will, I believe, experience political salvation when Christ returns to fulfill prophecy that she will once again be "Christian" in constitution. And this will open the door for both spiritual salvation and material blessing for Israel in the Kingdom to come (along with other nations who do likewise).
 
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Gregory Thompson

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I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. (Matthew 21:43)

You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” That is correct: They were broken off because of unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but be afraid. For if God did not spare the natural branches, He will certainly not spare you either. (Romans 11:19-21)

Yes. Every so often as God chooses, the kingdom is taken away from those not bearing the fruit of it, to those who do.
 
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RandyPNW

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The covenant in Jeremiah 33 is about Christ. And yes, it was not broken, Christ really came.

If Christianpost.com wants to read this "literally":

For this is what the LORD says: David will never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel, 18nor will the priests who are Levites ever fail to have a man before Me to offer burnt offerings, to burn grain offerings, and to present sacrifices.”

Then they have a problem, because such promise would need to be considered failed. Burnt offerings ended with Christ and the throne of Israel... well, there has been no throne for a loooong time in Israel.

The last kind of king was Herod and he was not from the Davidic line. He was of Idumean (Edomite) descent, with ancestors who had been forcibly converted to Judaism.
No, I don't consider the prophecy to have failed. David did not lack a Levite to offer burnt offerings as long as the Law of Moses remained in effect. This promise was literally fulfilled. Levites were offering burnt offerings up until the day Christ became the final atonement for Israel.
 
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trophy33

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No, I don't consider the prophecy to have failed. David did not lack a Levite to offer burnt offerings as long as the Law of Moses remained in effect. This promise was literally fulfilled. Levites were offering burnt offerings up until the day Christ became the final atonement for Israel.
In that case you are not reading the verse literally, because it does not say "until Christ", it says "ever".

I agree that after Christ, things changed.

Regarding replacement, I do not think it is the right word. All nations, including Israel, were invited to enter the kingdom of God. Israel even prominently, by Christ himself.

The fact that only few Jews accepted but quite a lot of Gentiles, is not exactly a definition of replacement. The role of Israel simply ended with Christ. And Church has a different role, not the old one. It is not like replacing one wife with another or one employee with another employee. It is more the end of a work position and the beginning of a marriage. Apples and oranges. Which is another concept the people behind christianpost.com do not understand.
 
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RandyPNW

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In that case you are not reading the verse literally, because it does not say "until Christ", it says "ever".
The verse did *not* say that "burnt offerings would continue forever." So, you're wrong about your insinuatioin that it meant that.

Clearly, God intended for Levites to be available as long as the system of Law continued. It was questionable only because God showed in the Babylonian Captivity that the covenant could be annulled. So, God was assuring Israel that the Law would be restored, as a covenant, until the covenant was completed in the time Christ completed it.

God would *not* have specified the point of fulfillment or change in covenant as long as the current covenant of Law remained in effect. To devalue the current covenant of Law in any way *while that covenant was still in effect* would produce a loss of respect for that covenant with an accompanying lack of interest in obeying it. It would seem to be a transient covenant of little importance, which is the opposite of what God wanted to convey at that time.
I agree that after Christ, things changed.

Regarding replacement, I do not think it is the right word. All nations, including Israel, were invited to enter the kingdom of God. Israel even prominently, by Christ himself.
We are told that God had chosen a specific nation to carry His covenant for awhile. That was Israel and the covenant was the Law of Moses. That calling carried over to a new entity when the covenant changed into the New Covenant of Christ. The recipient, initially, was the Roman Empire. And from there it spread to many other nations, which became, at least temporarily, "Christian nations."
The fact that only few Jews accepted but quite a lot of Gentiles, is not exactly a definition of replacement.
The fact Israel was diminished and reduced to a remnant among those who truly lived in covenant with God indicated that the nation was no longer the "chosen nation," or a genuine theocracy recognized as such by God. It is not just the fact Gentiles accepted Christ for their covenant, but the fact *Gentile nations* accepted Christianity for their Constitution which meant that the calling had been exchanged.

This was a national calling, and not just an individual calling. Salvation is individual, but callings are also national.
The role of Israel simply ended with Christ. And Church has a different role, not the old one. It is not like replacing one wife with another or one employee with another employee. It is more the end of a work position and the beginning of a marriage. Apples and oranges. Which is another concept the people behind christianpost.com do not understand.
When you talk about the "Church" you are no longer talking about national callings, which is what Israel was and what is included in the New Covenant. Nations are called, and not just individuals.

Israel's role has not ended because the Prophets promised that Israel would be restored as a nation at the Return of Christ to establish God's Kingdom throughout the earth, not just in Gentile nations but also in the Israeli nation.
 
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trophy33

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The verse did *not* say that "burnt offerings would continue forever." So, you're wrong about your insinuatioin that it meant that.

For this is what the LORD says: David will never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel, 18nor will the priests who are Levites ever fail to have a man before Me to offer burnt offerings, to burn grain offerings, and to present sacrifices.”


Clearly, God intended for Levites to be available as long as the system of Law continued.
Clearly, from our point of view after Christ. Not clearly from the verse.


Israel's role has not ended because the Prophets promised that Israel would be restored as a nation at the Return of Christ to establish God's Kingdom throughout the earth, not just in Gentile nations but also in the Israeli nation.
Israel's role has ended, because there is nothing Israel is specifically needed for, in the new covenant. The kingdom of God has already come and everybody can enter, both Jew and Gentile.

The role of Israel was to prepare the way for Christ. Their role is fulfilled. There is no other role they are called to, different from any other nation - to behave ethically and to spread the kingdom of God.
 
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RandyPNW

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For this is what the LORD says: David will never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel, 18nor will the priests who are Levites ever fail to have a man before Me to offer burnt offerings, to burn grain offerings, and to present sacrifices.”
I had to correct some errors in my post, due to interruptions. Typos.

Your emphasis on "never" has not a thing to do with the point I made. We both agree that the passage indicates Levites will *never* be lacking.

The question concerned (from my perspective) whether the passage promised an interminable covenant. That obviously is false. Obviously, the implication is that a Levite will not be lacking assuming the covenant of offerings remains in effect. The promise is not that Levites will continue in service of these offerings forever.
Israel's role has ended, because there is nothing Israel is specifically needed for, in the new covenant. The kingdom of God has already come and everybody can enter, both Jew and Gentile.
The role of Israel was to display God's justice in society within a nation. That need has not diminished nor gone away. It in fact was passed on to another entity--the Roman Empire, when Israel fell short. Christian nations, therefore, have picked up the torch, becoming a "city set on a hill."
The role of Israel was to prepare the way for Christ. Their role is fulfilled. There is no other role they are called to, different from any other nation - to behave ethically and to spread the kingdom of God.
We completely disagree. The callings of God are irrevocable. The covenant changed, but Israel simply needs to make that change. The nation is hardened and will only make the necessary change after judgment. But that is awaiting the time afforded to other nations to do what Israel did, which was to display God's covenant relationship with nations.
 
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Clare73

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It's a great thing Israel is the church.
Believing (in Jesus Christ) Israel is the church, the bride of Christ.

God has one olive tree, one body of people, the church, the bride of Christ and, therefore, the body of Christ in the two-in-one enfleshment of the marital union (Eph 5:30-32), into whom Israel will be grafted back. . .IF they do not persist in unbelief (Ro 11:16-23), which they have since the time of Christ.
 
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trophy33

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We both agree that the passage indicates Levites will *never* be lacking.
The point I made is that if somebody reads Jeremiah 33 literally, he will get into obvious problems. Your description of the verse seems to be always totally off, so I do not know what else I can do. As if you did not want to read the verse. I see no point in continuing.

The role of Israel was to display God's justice in society within a nation.
No, the role of Israel was to bring Christ to the world and to prepare the path for Him. And Israel knew it, they wrote it for themselves in their Genesis stories about Adam, Abraham etc.

The callings of God are irrevocable. The covenant changed, but Israel simply needs to make that change. The nation is hardened and will only make the necessary change after judgment. But that is awaiting the time afforded to other nations to do what Israel did, which was to display God's covenant relationship with nations.
I do not buy your futuristic end times ideas. The judgement came in 66-70 AD. This was the end of the "Israel-era" before the kingdom of God came.

And now the calling is the same for everybody, both Jews and Gentiles: to enter the kingdom of God.
 
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RandyPNW

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The point I made is that if somebody reads Jeremiah 33 literally, he will get into obvious problems. Your description of the verse seems to be always totally off, so I do not know what else I can do. As if you did not want to read the verse. I see no point in continuing.
Right. I made points, and you dismiss them. No need to continue.
No, the role of Israel was to bring Christ to the world and to prepare the path for Him. And Israel knew it, they wrote it for themselves in their Genesis stories about Adam, Abraham etc.
So, you ignore the thing about Israel's call to be a "light to the world?"
I do not buy your futuristic end times ideas. The judgement came in 66-70 AD. This was the end of the "Israel-era" before the kingdom of God came.
I'm not "selling" my ideas. I'm sharing.

Yes, judgment came to Israel in 70 AD. It did end Israel's period of worship under the Law of Moses. God stopped acknowledging it when Christ died. But the infrastructure of the Law, ie the Temple, went away in 70 AD.

But to say the Kingdom of God arrived at that time flies in the face of reality. When Christ returns, that is when the Kingdom of God will be established on this earth--not before.

At present, various nations have held preliminary forms of God's earthly Kingdom, but they were not eschatological. When Christ comes again, Satan will be bound, and there will be a greater form of God's heavenly Kingdom on the earth. Christian nations will be restored. And Israel will be restored as well, becoming a Christian nation, I believe.

Again, I'm not "selling" these ideas. I'm just sharing what I believe. If it is of no interest to you, maybe it will be to others.
 
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Clare73

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If the sun still rises, God’s covenant with Israel still stands.
That’s the startling logic of Jeremiah 33where the fixed order of creation is offered as proof that God’s promises to the Jewish people are unbreakable. Yet in an age of rising theological confusion and mounting hostility toward Israel, many in the Church have begun to waver. Replacement Theology is back, often dressed in more “respectable” robes. But let’s be clear: if God can abandon Israel, then no one is safe. If He breaks that promise, why wouldn’t He break yours? Has God truly revoked His covenant? Has the Church replaced Israel in His plan? Or is the continued existence of Israel as certain as the sunrise?
The answer, resoundingly and unmistakably, is found in the mouth of the prophet Jeremiah:
These two verses are both a prophetic rebuke and a theological anchor. God Himself sets the terms: Only if the rhythm of day and night ceases — only if the laws that govern the cosmos unravel — then, and only then, would He cast off Israel.
The true Israel is those who believe in Jesus Christ, who are the body of Christ, which is not replaceable.
 
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RandyPNW

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The true Israel is those who believe in Jesus Christ, who are the body of Christ, which is not replaceable.
I don't think so. To me, the "true Israel" are those who have a choice whether to accept Jesus as their Messiah or not.
 
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Clare73

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I don't think so. To me, the "true Israel" are those who have a choice whether to accept Jesus as their Messiah or not.
See Ro 11:16-23.

God's true Israel believes in the Messiah, the apostate unbelieving Israel (Ro 11:23) does not, and has been cut off by God (Ro 11:17).
 
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RandyPNW

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The true Israel is those who believe in Jesus Christ, who are the body of Christ, which is not replaceable.
Rom 9.8 In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring...
11.1 I ask then: Did God reject his people? By no means!...5 So too, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace. 6 And if by grace, then it cannot be based on works; if it were, grace would no longer be grace...
11.11 Again I ask: Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all!..
11.23 And if they do not persist in unbelief, they will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. 24 After all, if you were cut out of an olive tree that is wild by nature, and contrary to nature were grafted into a cultivated olive tree, how much more readily will these, the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree!..
11.25 I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, so that you may not be conceited: Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in, 26 and in this way all Israel will be saved. As it is written:
“The deliverer will come from Zion;
he will turn godlessness away from Jacob.
27 And this is my covenant with them
when I take away their sins.”28 As far as the gospel is concerned, they are enemies for your sake; but as far as election is concerned, they are loved on account of the patriarchs, 29 for God’s gifts and his call are irrevocable. 30 Just as you who were at one time disobedient to God have now received mercy as a result of their disobedience, 31 so they too have now become disobedient in order that they too may now receive mercy as a result of God’s mercy to you. 32 For God has bound everyone over to disobedience so that he may have mercy on them all.


Here is where I disagree with you. The "elect" of Israel are Christian Jews. But not all Jews who are yet to become Christians are illegitimately defined as "Israel." They can be restored to become legitimate Israel, in the spiritual sense, if the nation becomes a Christian nation.

So Paul is not defining "Israel" as purely Christian Israel. Rather, he is explaining that Israel's position as a nation in covenant with God is currently invalidated because they are not yet under the Christian covenant. They are currently cut off just as rebellious Israelites were cut off in the Wilderness for rebelling against God.

But many Israelites in the Wilderness were forgiven by God, and their children entered into Canaan. Therefore, Paul is simply talking about whether Israel is in place yet as a Christian nation--he is *not* redefining "Israel" as an international body of Christians!

Paul could not be saying that "Israel," as an illegitimately-named entity, can be re-defined as that same entity if it becomes Christian. If the nation is not or never was to be called "Israel," then it can never again be called "Israel."

And yet, that is precisely what Paul is saying, that Israel is delegitimized, as if her name is taken away, only to be given that name once again. But if it never had that name, then it could never be restored.

The reality is that Israel has always had that name, whether in covenant or out of covenant with God. Her name simply was intended to express fidelity to God such that her name could temporarily be removed in times of infidelity, only to be restored during times of restoration and mercy.
 
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