The duration of hell and its purpose

[wendykvw]

From the earliest days of the church, there have always been three views on what happens to those who die without knowing Christ...damnation, annihilation, and restoration.

Damnation views hell as retributive punishment and the duration is eternal without end.

Annihilation has an end at some point and destroys evil to ashes. Those of this view may expand further.

The restoration view teaches that hell is medicinal and temporal with an outcome of celebration, restored to their creator.

Explain your view and the duration and how you came to that conclusion.

 

[Der Alte]

* * * Damnation views hell as retributive punishment and the duration is eternal without end. * * *

EOB Matthew:25:46 When he will answer them, saying: ‘Amen, I tell you: as much as you did not do it to one of the least of these, you did not do it to me.’ 46 These [ones on the left] will go away into eternal [αἰώνιος/aionios] punishment, [κόλασις/kolasis] but the righteous into eternal [αἰώνιος/aionios] life.”​

Greek has been the language of the Eastern Greek Orthodox church since its inception, 2000 years +/- ago. Who better than the team of native Greek speaking scholars, the translators of the Eastern Greek Orthodox Bible [EOB] know the correct meaning of the Greek words in the N.T.?
Link to EOB online;
The New Testament ( The Eastern-Greek Orthodox Bible) : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
…..The Greek word “kolasis” occurs only twice in the N.T., first occurrence Matt 25:46 and the second occurrence is 1 John 4:18.

EOB 1 John 4:18 here is no fear in love, but perfect love casts out fear, because fear is connected with punishment.[ κόλασις/kolasis] But the one who fears is not yet perfect in love.​

Note the native Greek speaking Eastern Orthodox Greek scholars, translators of the EOB, translated “aionios” as “eternal,” NOT age.
The Greek word “kolasis” is translated “punishment” in Matt 25:46 and 1 John 4;18. Some folks claim “kolasis” really means “prune” or “correction” but according to the EOB Greek scholars it means “punishment.” 1 John 4:18 there is no correction, the one with “kolasis” is not made perfect.

Explain your view and the duration and how you came to that conclusion.

“aionios” occurs 107x in the N.T.
“aionios” is translated world only 40 times in the N.T.[37%]
“aionios” is correctly translated eternal 42 times in the N.T.[39%]
“aionios” is correctly translated everlasting 25 times in the N.T.[23%]
Jesus used “aionios” twenty eight [28] times, 26% of the total, Jesus never used “aionios” to refer something common, ordinary or mundane which was not/could not be “eternal.”
= = = = = = = = = =
Juxtapose means, the act or an instance of placing two or more things side by side often to compare or contrast.
In the 10 following verses αἰώνιος/aionios is defined/described as eternal, everlasting, eternity etc, by paralleling or juxtaposition with other adjectives or descriptive phrases.
= = = = = = = = = =
…..Some people claim that “aionios” never means eternity/eternal/everlasting because it sometimes refer to something which is not eternal, e.g. “world,””age.” etc.
However, “aionios” is never defined/described, by adjectives or descriptive phrases, as meaning a period of time less than eternal, in the New Testament, as in the following 24 verses.
…..Jesus used “aionios” twenty eight [28] times. He never used “aionios” to refer to anything common, ordinary or mundane that was not or could not be eternal.
…..In the following ten [10] verses Jesus defines/describes “aionios” as “eternal/for ever/everlasting.”

[1] Luke 1:33
(33) And he shall reign [basileusei][Vb] over the house of Jacob for ever; [εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας/lit. unto the eternity [aionas [PlMas] and of his kingdom [basileias][Nn] there shall be no end.[telos]​

In this verse the reign/basileusei, which is the verb form of the word, is "aionas" and of the kingdom/basileias, the noun form of the same word, "there shall be no end.” “Aionas” by definition here definitely means eternity.

[2] John 6:58
(58) This is the bread that came down from heaven. Your ancestors ate manna and died, but whoever feeds on this bread will live forever. [εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα/aiona[lit. unto eternity]​

In this verse Jesus juxtaposes “live forever” with “death.” If “live aiona” is only a finite period, a finite period is not opposite “death.” Thus “aiona” by definition here means “eternity.”

[3] John 10:28
(28) I give them eternal [αιωνιον/aionion] life, and they shall never
[εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα/ eis ton aiona][lit. unto eternity] perish; no one will snatch them out of my hand.​

In this verse Jesus parallels “aiona” with “[not] snatch them out of my hand.” If “aionios” means “age(s), a finite period,” that is not the opposite of “[not] snatch them out of my hand’” “Aionios life” by definition here means “eternal life.”

[4]John 3:15
(15) That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal [aionion] life.
[5] John 3:16
(16) For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting [aionion] life.​

In these two verses Jesus parallels “aionion” with “should not perish,” twice! Believers could eventually perish in a finite period, thus by definition “aionion life” here means eternal or everlasting life.

[6]John 5:24
(24) Verily, verily, [Amen, Amen]I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting [aionios] life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life.​

In this verse Jesus parallels “aionios” with “shall not come into condemnation” and “passed from death unto life.” “Aionios” does not mean “a finite period,” by definition here it means “eternal,” unless Jesus lets His followers come into condemnation and pass into death.

[7]John 3:36 He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting [aionios] life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him.​

In this verse Jesus juxtaposed aionios life with “shall not see life.” If aionios means an indefinite age that is not opposite “shall not see life” By definition aionios means eternal.

[8]John 4:14 But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never [ου μη/ou mé] thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting [aionios] life.​

In this verse Jesus paralleled aionios with “shall [ου μη/ou mé][fn] never thirst.” If aionios means an indefinite age that is not opposite “shall never thirst.” By definition aionios means eternal. See footnote [fn] on “ou mé” below.

[9]John 6:27
(27) Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that meat which endureth unto everlasting [aionios] life, which the Son of man shall give unto you: for him hath God the Father sealed.​

In this verse Jesus contrasted “aionios meat” with “meat that perishes” If aionios means an indefinite age that is not opposite “meat that perishes.” By definition aionios means eternal.

[10]John 8:51
(51) Very truly [amen amen] I tell you, whoever obeys my word will never [ou mé eis ton aiona][fn] see death."​

In this verse Jesus juxtaposes “unto aion” with “never see death.” By definition “aion” means eternity.

 

[sawdust]

I had to go with "other" (again )

I don't go for the retribution angle as Jesus told those He didn't know to get away from Him (Matt.7:23) so I can't see God spending His resources on tormenting them as it's not His nature. I think it is based on His mercy for if He never separated the wheat from the tares, the creation would never know peace.

It might end in annhilation, I simply don't know. As best I can see, residence in the lake of fire is permanent and without end (no-one comes out who goes in) but how that works out, I don't think the scripture really goes into detail on the matter. All it really tells us is that it doesn't cease and those in the first resurrection will find them abhorrent.

Isaiah 66:24
“And they shall go forth and look Upon the corpses of the men Who have transgressed against Me. For their worm does not die, And their fire is not quenched. They shall be an abhorrence to all flesh.”

I can find no scriptures where grace is applied in the Lake. The only thing people have going for them are fire and worms, neither of which are restorative.

It's an "either/or" situation not an "either/or/but then" situation.

John 5:29
and come forth— those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of condemnation.

I fail to see why God needs the Lake for salvation after death (as some propose) when He manages very well with the Gospel in life.

 

[dqhall]

From the earliest days of the church, there have always been three views on what happens to those who die without knowing Christ...damnation, annihilation, and restoration.

Damnation views hell as retributive punishment and the duration is eternal without end.

Annihilation has an end at some point and destroys evil to ashes. Those of this view may expand further.

The restoration view teaches that hell is medicinal and temporal with an outcome of celebration, restored to their creator.

Explain your view and the duration and how you came to that conclusion.

Jesus said, “Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.” Luke 21:33 (KJV)

If earth and the solar system will not last forever, will hell also perish?

Some of people’s misconceptions about life after death may have come from Greek, Roman or other mythology and literature such as Dante’s Inferno.

 

[Jonaitis]

From the earliest days of the church, there have always been three views on what happens to those who die without knowing Christ...damnation, annihilation, and restoration.

Damnation views hell as retributive punishment and the duration is eternal without end.

Annihilation has an end at some point and destroys evil to ashes. Those of this view may expand further.

The restoration view teaches that hell is medicinal and temporal with an outcome of celebration, restored to their creator.

Explain your view and the duration and how you came to that conclusion.

It seems pretty clear that the Scriptures calls it everlasting, just as it does for heaven.

 

[Petros2015]

they shall go forth and look Upon the corpses of the men

I can find no scriptures where grace is applied in the Lake. The only thing people have going for them are fire and worms, neither of which are restorative.

What "people"? All you really have are corpses and "their worm" and the fire at the end here. "Their worm does not die". I'm not sure how the worms feel about it, but not sure I care. Shouldda killed those things when you had the chance seems to be the lesson here!

 

[Der Alte]

Jesus said, “Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.” Luke 21:33 (KJV)
If earth and the solar system will not last forever, will hell also perish?
Some of people’s misconceptions about life after death may have come from Greek, Roman or other mythology and literature such as Dante’s Inferno.

Please see my post #2, above.
My ¢¢Below are quotes from three credible Jewish sources; the 1917 Jewish Encyclopedia, 1972 Encyclopedia Judaica and the Talmud. Which to date have not been, and I am convinced cannot be, refuted.
= = = = =
…..It is very enticing to claim that the Christian concept of "Hell" was somehow derived from Dante's 14th century writing “Inferno,” or some later writing. But according to these three sources, at least 16 centuries before Dante even scribbled one line, among the יהודים/Yehudim/ιουδαιων/Youdaion/Jews in Israel, before and during the time of Jesus, there was a significant belief in a place of everlasting torment of the wicked and they called it both sheol and gehinnom. Sheol and gehinnom are written Hades and Gehenna, respectively, in both the 225 BC LXX and the NT. As can be seen by the citations in this post The Jews later called both Sheol/Hades, and Ge Hinnom/Gehenna, “Hell.
…..There were different factions within Judaism; Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes etc. and different beliefs about resurrection, hell etc. These differing beliefs do not disprove anything in this post.

[1]1925 Jewish Encyclopedia, Gehenna
The place where children were sacrificed to the god Moloch … in the "valley of the sons of Hinnom," to the south of Jerusalem (Josh. xv. 8, passim; II Kings xxiii. 10; Jer. ii. 23; vii. 31-32; xix. 6, 13-14). … the valley was deemed to be accursed, and "Gehenna" therefore soon became a figurative equivalent for "hell." Hell, like paradise, was created by God (Sotah 22a);[“Soon” in this paragraph would be about 700 BC +/-, DA]​

Note: This is according to the ancient Jews, long before the Christian era, NOT any assumed/alleged bias of “modern” Christian translators. DA
…..This refutes the false narrative that the fifteen [15] times Jesus mentioned “Gehenna” He was referring to the valley of GeHinnom/Gehenna where trash and bodies were supposedly always burning.

”(I)n general …sinners go to hell immediately after their death. The famous teacher Johanan b. Zakkai [30 BC-90 AD] wept before his death because he did not know whether he would go to paradise or to hell (Ber. 28b). The pious go to paradise, and sinners to hell(B.M. 83b).
“But as regards the heretics, etc., and Jeroboam, Nebat's son, hell shall pass away, but they shall not pass away" (R. H. 17a; comp. Shab [Talmud]. 33b). All that descend into Gehenna shall come up again, with the exception of three classes of men: those who have committed adultery, or shamed their neighbors, or vilified them (B. M. 58b).[/i]
“… heretics and the Roman oppressors go to Gehenna, and the same fate awaits the Persians, the oppressors of the Babylonian Jews (Ber. 8b).[Talmud] “When Nebuchadnezzar descended into hell, [שאול/Sheol] all its inhabitants were afraid that he was coming to rule over them (Shab. 149a; [Talmud] comp. Isa. xiv. 9-10). The Book of Enoch [x. 6, xci. 9, etal] also says that it is chiefly the heathen who are to be cast into the fiery pool on the Day of Judgment (x. 6, xci. 9, et al). "The Lord, the Almighty, will punish them on the Day of Judgment by putting fire and worms into their flesh, so that they cry out with pain unto all eternity" (Judith xvi. 17). The sinners in Gehenna will be filled with pain when God puts back the souls into the dead bodies on the Day of Judgment, according toIsa. xxxiii. 11 (Sanh. 108b)[Talmud].
Link: Jewish Encyclopedia Online
Note, scripture references are highlighted in blue.
= = = = = = = = = =
[2]1972 Encyclopedia Judaica:
Gehinnom (Heb. גֵּי בֶן־הִנֹּם, גֵּי בְנֵי הִנֹּם, גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם, גֵּיא הִנֹּם; Gr. Γέεννα; "Valley of Ben-Hinnom, Valley of [the Son (s) of] Hinnom," Gehenna), a valley south of Jerusalem on one of the borders between the territories of Judah and Benjamin, between the Valley of *Rephaim and *En-Rogel (Josh. 15:8; 18:16). It is identified with Wadi er-Rababi.
…..During the time of the Monarchy, Gehinnom, at a place called Topheth, was the site of a cult which involved the burning of children (II Kings 23:10; Jer. 7:31; 32:35 et al.; ). Jeremiah repeatedly condemned this cult and predicted that on its account Topheth and the Valley of the Son of Hinnom would be called the Valley of the "Slaughter" (Jer. 19:5–6).
In Judaism the name Gehinnom is generally used as an appellation of the place of torment reserved for the wicked after death. The New Testament used the Greek form Gehenna in the same sense.
Link:
Gehinnom
http://www.jevzajcg.me/enciklopedia/Encyclopaedia Judaica, v. 07 (Fey-Gor).pdf
= = = = = = = = = =
[3]Talmud -Tractate Rosh Hashanah Chapter 1.
The school of Hillel says: . . . but as for Minim, [i.e. followers of Jesus] informers and disbelievers, who deny the Torah, or Resurrection, or separate themselves from the congregation, or who inspire their fellowmen with dread of them, or who sin and cause others to sin, as did Jeroboam the son of Nebat and his followers, they all descend to Gehenna, and are judged there from generation to generation, as it is said [Isa. lxvi. 24]:
"And they shall go forth and look upon the carcases of the men who have transgressed against Me; for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched." Even when Gehenna will be destroyed, they will not be consumed, as it is written[Psalms, xlix. 15]: "And their forms wasteth away in the nether world," which the sages comment upon to mean that their forms shall endure even when the grave is no more.
Concerning them Hannah says [I Sam. ii. 10]: "The adversaries of the Lord shall be broken to pieces."
Link: Tract Rosh Hashana: Chapter I.​

 

[Der Alte]

When Jesus taught e.g.,

• “Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels:” Matthew 25:41
• "these shall go away into eternal punishment, Matthew 25:46"
• "the fire of hell [Γέεννα/gehenna] where the fire is not quenched and the worm does not die, 3 times Mark 9:43-48"
• "cast into a fiery furnace where there will be wailing and gnashing of teeth,” Matthew 13:42, Matthew 13:50
• “But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea.” Matthew 18:6 [A fate worse than death. DA]
• “Not everyone who says to me Lord, Lord will enter the kingdom of heaven. …And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.” Matthew 7:23
• “woe unto that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! it had been good for that man if he had not been born. ” Matthew 26:24 [A fate worse than death]
• “But I say unto you, that it shall be more tolerable in that day for Sodom, than for that city.” Luke 10:12 [A fate worse than death. DA]​

…..These teachings tacitly reaffirmed and sanctioned a then existing significant Jewish view of eternal hell, c.f. Jewish Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Judaica and Talmud, supra.
In Matt. 18:6, 26:24 and Luk 10:12, see above, Jesus teaches that there is a punishment worse than death or nonexistence.
…..A punishment worse than death without mercy is also mentioned in Hebrews 10:28-31.

Heb 10:28
He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses:
29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?
30 For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.
31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. [A fate worse than death. DA]​

…..“how much sorer punishment,””Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord,””It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God” these deprecations certainly do not sound like everyone will be saved, no matter what.
…..Jesus is quoted as using the word death 17 times in the gospels, if He intended to say eternal death, in Matt 25:46, that is what He would have said but He didn’t, He said “eternal punishment.”
….The Sadducees did not believe in the resurrection, see Acts of the Apostles 23:8. They knew that everybody died; rich, poor; young, old; good, bad; men, women; children, infants; sick, healthy, and knew that it was permanent and often it did not involve punishment.
When Jesus taught, e.g., “eternal punishment” the Sadducees would not have understood it as simply death, it very likely would have meant something worse to them.
…..Re: Matt 25:46 concerning “punishment” one early church father wrote,

“Then these reap no advantage from their punishment, as it seems: moreover, I would say that they are not punished unless they are conscious of the punishment.” Justin Martyr [A.D. 110-165.] Dialogue with Trypho Chapter 4​

…..Jesus attended Temple and synagogues for about 25 years +/-. He undoubtedly knew what the Jews believed about the fate of the unrighteous. He opposed the Jewish leaders many times, If the Jewish teaching on hell was wrong, why wouldn’t Jesus tell them there was no hell, no eternal punishment etc? Why would Jesus teach “eternal punishment,” etc. to Jews who believed, e.g.

"The Lord, the Almighty, will punish them on the Day of Judgment by putting fire and worms into their flesh, so that they cry out with pain unto all eternity"[/i] ([Judith xvi:17]Judith xvi. 17).
Link: Judith, CHAPTER 16​

 

[Daniel9v9]

We can consider this in a great many different ways, but perhaps one of the simpler answers is that if we want to be consistent in how we understand the language the Bible uses, then either (1) salvation and damnation are temporary, or (2) salvation and damnation are permanent. There's really no good reason to think that one is temporary and the other permanent. And there's every indication that salvation and damnation are eternal, that is, fixed.

In God's Word, are there any commands related to, promises given, or examples of anyone who reject Jesus that are saved? That is, does the Bible anywhere say anything to the effect that whoever does not believe in Jesus will have life in Him? The answer to that is a clear no.

Our God is a loving and merciful God, but He is also righteous and holy, and that is good, because He is good. He saves sinners out of His goodness and He punishes all evil out of His goodness.

 

[wendykvw]

I had to go with "other" (again )

I don't go for the retribution angle as Jesus told those He didn't know to get away from Him (Matt.7:23) so I can't see God spending His resources on tormenting them as it's not His nature. I think it is based on His mercy for if He never separated the wheat from the tares, the creation would never know peace.

It might end in annhilation, I simply don't know. As best I can see, residence in the lake of fire is permanent and without end (no-one comes out who goes in) but how that works out, I don't think the scripture really goes into detail on the matter. All it really tells us is that it doesn't cease and those in the first resurrection will find them abhorrent.

Isaiah 66:24
“And they shall go forth and look Upon the corpses of the men Who have transgressed against Me. For their worm does not die, And their fire is not quenched. They shall be an abhorrence to all flesh.”

I can find no scriptures where grace is applied in the Lake. The only thing people have going for them are fire and worms, neither of which are restorative.

It's an "either/or" situation not an "either/or/but then" situation.

John 5:29
and come forth— those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of condemnation.

I fail to see why God needs the Lake for salvation after death (as some propose) when He manages very well with the Gospel in life.

I had to go with "other" (again )

I don't go for the retribution angle as Jesus told those He didn't know to get away from Him (Matt.7:23) so I can't see God spending His resources on tormenting them as it's not His nature. I think it is based on His mercy for if He never separated the wheat from the tares, the creation would never know peace.

It might end in annhilation, I simply don't know. As best I can see, residence in the lake of fire is permanent and without end (no-one comes out who goes in) but how that works out, I don't think the scripture really goes into detail on the matter. All it really tells us is that it doesn't cease and those in the first resurrection will find them abhorrent.

Isaiah 66:24
“And they shall go forth and look Upon the corpses of the men Who have transgressed against Me. For their worm does not die, And their fire is not quenched. They shall be an abhorrence to all flesh.”

I can find no scriptures where grace is applied in the Lake. The only thing people have going for them are fire and worms, neither of which are restorative.

It's an "either/or" situation not an "either/or/but then" situation.

John 5:29
and come forth— those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of condemnation.

I fail to see why God needs the Lake for salvation after death (as some propose) when He manages very well with the Gospel in life.

Isaiah 66:24 the previous verse 23 speaks of restoration. All of mankind will worship the Lord, verse 24 speaks of judgment. All people be will be held accountable for the life they lived on earth.The language denotes that judgment has been determined and is unstoppable.
See 1 Cor 3:12

 

[Water and Fire]

It is an specified amount of time. It totally depends on the individual.

 

[wendykvw]

We can consider this in a great many different ways, but perhaps one of the simpler answers is that if we want to be consistent in how we understand the language the Bible uses, then either (1) salvation and damnation are temporary, or (2) salvation and damnation are permanent. There's really no good reason to think that one is temporary and the other permanent. And there's every indication that salvation and damnation are eternal, that is, fixed.

In God's Word, are there any commands related to, promises given, or examples of anyone who reject Jesus that are saved? That is, does the Bible anywhere say anything to the effect that whoever does not believe in Jesus will have life in Him? The answer to that is a clear no.

Our God is a loving and merciful God, but He is also righteous and holy, and that is good, because He is good. He saves sinners out of His goodness and He punishes all evil out of His goodness.

The restoration view would be consistent in that Salvation is secure through the sacrifice of Christ. Heb 9:12

Romans 5:15 "But God's free gift immeasurably outweighs the transgression. For if through the transgression of the one individual the mass of mankind have died, infinitely greater is the generosity with which God's grace, and the gift given in His grace which found expression in the one man Jesus Christ, have been bestowed on the mass of mankind."
Weymouth Translation

Notice the pattern in Romans 5:15. The same individuals Adam condemned, are the same individuals Christ justified. If you believe in Arminianism, Free will, you will insist that you must make the decision to accept the gift, or if you are a Calvinist you will insist God made the decision who he will give the gift, and does not include all people. Yet if Adam had the power to condemn all people, why would Christ not have the ability or power to justify and redeem all people?

The restoration position is that God will choose everyone Adam condemned, and eventually, all will make a decision for Christ. Romans 14:11 Phil 2:11-12, Heb 8:11, Luke 3:6, Isa 45:23.

 

[wendykvw]

Jesus said, “Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.” Luke 21:33 (KJV)

If earth and the solar system will not last forever, will hell also perish?

Some of people’s misconceptions about life after death may have come from Greek, Roman or other mythology and literature such as Dante’s Inferno.

Then death and the grave were thrown into the lake of fire. This lake of fire is the second death.
Rev 20:14


Revelation indicates that death and suffering, wickedness and death will come to an end. God will heal the world, through His infinite wisdom to restore all creation to the original perfect condition prior to the fall in Genesis.

"He will wipe every tear from their eyes, and there will be no more death or sorrow or crying or pain. All these things are gone forever.” Rev 21:4

 

[wendykvw]

When Jesus taught e.g.,

• “Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels:” Matthew 25:41
• "these shall go away into eternal punishment, Matthew 25:46"
• "the fire of hell [Γέεννα/gehenna] where the fire is not quenched and the worm does not die, 3 times Mark 9:43-48"
• "cast into a fiery furnace where there will be wailing and gnashing of teeth,” Matthew 13:42, Matthew 13:50
• “But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea.” Matthew 18:6 [A fate worse than death. DA]
• “Not everyone who says to me Lord, Lord will enter the kingdom of heaven. …And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.” Matthew 7:23
• “woe unto that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! it had been good for that man if he had not been born. ” Matthew 26:24 [A fate worse than death]
• “But I say unto you, that it shall be more tolerable in that day for Sodom, than for that city.” Luke 10:12 [A fate worse than death. DA]​

…..These teachings tacitly reaffirmed and sanctioned a then existing significant Jewish view of eternal hell, c.f. Jewish Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Judaica and Talmud, supra.
In Matt. 18:6, 26:24 and Luk 10:12, see above, Jesus teaches that there is a punishment worse than death or nonexistence.
…..A punishment worse than death without mercy is also mentioned in Hebrews 10:28-31.

Heb 10:28
He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses:
29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?
30 For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.
31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. [A fate worse than death. DA]​

…..“how much sorer punishment,””Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord,””It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God” these deprecations certainly do not sound like everyone will be saved, no matter what.
…..Jesus is quoted as using the word death 17 times in the gospels, if He intended to say eternal death, in Matt 25:46, that is what He would have said but He didn’t, He said “eternal punishment.”
….The Sadducees did not believe in the resurrection, see Acts of the Apostles 23:8. They knew that everybody died; rich, poor; young, old; good, bad; men, women; children, infants; sick, healthy, and knew that it was permanent and often it did not involve punishment.
When Jesus taught, e.g., “eternal punishment” the Sadducees would not have understood it as simply death, it very likely would have meant something worse to them.
…..Re: Matt 25:46 concerning “punishment” one early church father wrote,

“Then these reap no advantage from their punishment, as it seems: moreover, I would say that they are not punished unless they are conscious of the punishment.” Justin Martyr [A.D. 110-165.] Dialogue with Trypho Chapter 4​

…..Jesus attended Temple and synagogues for about 25 years +/-. He undoubtedly knew what the Jews believed about the fate of the unrighteous. He opposed the Jewish leaders many times, If the Jewish teaching on hell was wrong, why wouldn’t Jesus tell them there was no hell, no eternal punishment etc? Why would Jesus teach “eternal punishment,” etc. to Jews who believed, e.g.

"The Lord, the Almighty, will punish them on the Day of Judgment by putting fire and worms into their flesh, so that they cry out with pain unto all eternity"[/i] ([Judith xvi:17]Judith xvi. 17).
Link: Judith, CHAPTER 16​

When Christ spoke of the fire and punishment in the gospels, it is necessary to note it was religious leaders He warned would be punished the most severely. Matthew 23:33

 

[wendykvw]

It seems pretty clear that the Scriptures calls it everlasting, just as it does for heaven.

Hell will not be everlasting. It will come to an end. #13

 

[ozso]

Jesus said, “Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.” Luke 21:33 (KJV)

If earth and the solar system will not last forever, will hell also perish?

Some of people’s misconceptions about life after death may have come from Greek, Roman or other mythology and literature such as Dante’s Inferno.

Please see my post #2, above.
My ¢¢Below are quotes from three credible Jewish sources; the 1917 Jewish Encyclopedia, 1972 Encyclopedia Judaica and the Talmud. Which to date have not been, and I am convinced cannot be, refuted.
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…..It is very enticing to claim that the Christian concept of "Hell" was somehow derived from Dante's 14th century writing “Inferno,” or some later writing. But according to these three sources, at least 16 centuries before Dante even scribbled one line, among the יהודים/Yehudim/ιουδαιων/Youdaion/Jews in Israel, before and during the time of Jesus, there was a significant belief in a place of everlasting torment of the wicked and they called it both sheol and gehinnom. Sheol and gehinnom are written Hades and Gehenna, respectively, in both the 225 BC LXX and the NT. As can be seen by the citations in this post The Jews later called both Sheol/Hades, and Ge Hinnom/Gehenna, “Hell.
…..There were different factions within Judaism; Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes etc. and different beliefs about resurrection, hell etc. These differing beliefs do not disprove anything in this post.
[1]1925 Jewish Encyclopedia, Gehenna
The place where children were sacrificed to the god Moloch … in the "valley of the sons of Hinnom," to the south of Jerusalem (Josh. xv. 8, passim; II Kings xxiii. 10; Jer. ii. 23; vii. 31-32; xix. 6, 13-14). … the valley was deemed to be accursed, and "Gehenna" therefore soon became a figurative equivalent for "hell." Hell, like paradise, was created by God (Sotah 22a);[“Soon” in this paragraph would be about 700 BC +/-, DA]
Note: This is according to the ancient Jews, long before the Christian era, NOT any assumed/alleged bias of “modern” Christian translators. DA
…..This refutes the false narrative that the fifteen [15] times Jesus mentioned “Gehenna” He was referring to the valley of GeHinnom/Gehenna where trash and bodies were supposedly always burning.
”(I)n general …sinners go to hell immediately after their death. The famous teacher Johanan b. Zakkai [30 BC-90 AD] wept before his death because he did not know whether he would go to paradise or to hell (Ber. 28b). The pious go to paradise, and sinners to hell(B.M. 83b).
“But as regards the heretics, etc., and Jeroboam, Nebat's son, hell shall pass away, but they shall not pass away" (R. H. 17a; comp. Shab [Talmud]. 33b). All that descend into Gehenna shall come up again, with the exception of three classes of men: those who have committed adultery, or shamed their neighbors, or vilified them (B. M. 58b).[/i]
“… heretics and the Roman oppressors go to Gehenna, and the same fate awaits the Persians, the oppressors of the Babylonian Jews (Ber. 8b).[Talmud] “When Nebuchadnezzar descended into hell, [שאול/Sheol] all its inhabitants were afraid that he was coming to rule over them (Shab. 149a; [Talmud] comp. Isa. xiv. 9-10). The Book of Enoch [x. 6, xci. 9, etal] also says that it is chiefly the heathen who are to be cast into the fiery pool on the Day of Judgment (x. 6, xci. 9, et al). "The Lord, the Almighty, will punish them on the Day of Judgment by putting fire and worms into their flesh, so that they cry out with pain unto all eternity" (Judith xvi. 17). The sinners in Gehenna will be filled with pain when God puts back the souls into the dead bodies on the Day of Judgment, according toIsa. xxxiii. 11 (Sanh. 108b)[Talmud].
Link: Jewish Encyclopedia Online
Note, scripture references are highlighted in blue.
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[2]1972 Encyclopedia Judaica:
Gehinnom (Heb. גֵּי בֶן־הִנֹּם, גֵּי בְנֵי הִנֹּם, גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם, גֵּיא הִנֹּם; Gr. Γέεννα; "Valley of Ben-Hinnom, Valley of [the Son (s) of] Hinnom," Gehenna), a valley south of Jerusalem on one of the borders between the territories of Judah and Benjamin, between the Valley of *Rephaim and *En-Rogel (Josh. 15:8; 18:16). It is identified with Wadi er-Rababi.
…..During the time of the Monarchy, Gehinnom, at a place called Topheth, was the site of a cult which involved the burning of children (II Kings 23:10; Jer. 7:31; 32:35 et al.; ). Jeremiah repeatedly condemned this cult and predicted that on its account Topheth and the Valley of the Son of Hinnom would be called the Valley of the "Slaughter" (Jer. 19:5–6).
In Judaism the name Gehinnom is generally used as an appellation of the place of torment reserved for the wicked after death. The New Testament used the Greek form Gehenna in the same sense.
Link:
Gehinnom
http://www.jevzajcg.me/enciklopedia/Encyclopaedia Judaica, v. 07 (Fey-Gor).pdf
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[3]Talmud -Tractate Rosh Hashanah Chapter 1.
The school of Hillel says: . . . but as for Minim, [i.e. followers of Jesus] informers and disbelievers, who deny the Torah, or Resurrection, or separate themselves from the congregation, or who inspire their fellowmen with dread of them, or who sin and cause others to sin, as did Jeroboam the son of Nebat and his followers, they all descend to Gehenna, and are judged there from generation to generation, as it is said [Isa. lxvi. 24]:
"And they shall go forth and look upon the carcases of the men who have transgressed against Me; for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched." Even when Gehenna will be destroyed, they will not be consumed, as it is written[Psalms, xlix. 15]: "And their forms wasteth away in the nether world," which the sages comment upon to mean that their forms shall endure even when the grave is no more.
Concerning them Hannah says [I Sam. ii. 10]: "The adversaries of the Lord shall be broken to pieces."
Link: Tract Rosh Hashana: Chapter I.

In the the 400 year intertestamental period between the Old Testament and the New Testament, the Jews came up unscriptural beliefs and practices that were taken from Egyptian and Greek paganism/mythology. It was a common practice for them to adopt and barrow from other religions throughout most of their history. Later on in the 14th century Dante Alighieri used such mythological imagery when he wrote Inferno which is the first part of The Devine Comedy.

 

[Daniel9v9]

The restoration view would be consistent in that Salvation is secure through the sacrifice of Christ. Heb 9:12

Romans 5:15 "But God's free gift immeasurably outweighs the transgression. For if through the transgression of the one individual the mass of mankind have died, infinitely greater is the generosity with which God's grace, and the gift given in His grace which found expression in the one man Jesus Christ, have been bestowed on the mass of mankind."
Weymouth Translation

Notice the pattern in Romans 5:15. The same individuals Adam condemned, are the same individuals Christ justified. If you believe in Arminianism, Free will, you will insist that you must make the decision to accept the gift, or if you are a Calvinist you will insist God made the decision who he will give the gift, and does not include all people. Yet if Adam had the power to condemn all people, why would Christ not have the ability or power to justify and redeem all people?

The restoration position is that God will choose everyone Adam condemned, and eventually, all will make a decision for Christ. Romans 14:11 Phil 2:11-12, Heb 8:11, Luke 3:6, Isa 45:23.

Romans 5:15 does not say that whoever rejects Christ is saved, but that Christ died for all. In other words, He is the Lamb of God who take away the sin of the world. So, salvation is won for us on the cross, but it is delivered to us by means of God's Word. So it is universally won, but given to us through means, and those means can be resisted.

What you've described here, the tension between Arminianism and Calvinism, is found among the Reformed and their daughter bodies, but it doesn't exist in other theological frameworks, such as the Lutheran one that I hold to.

If we read Romans in its entirety (and really, every Bible passage in context), it's very clear that salvation is only found through faith in Jesus. It makes no assertions that there is sin in the resurrection nor that it's possible to repent from sin then. On the contrary, it only knows of two ways: one of life in Christ, and one of death apart from Christ. This is the overwhelming message of the entire Bible.

Again, when we reflect on everything the Scriptures say about damnation, it's good to ask ourselves (to rephrase a bit): Does God's Word anywhere say that whoever rejects Jesus in this life will still have life in Him? Not only does it not, but it very explicitly says the opposite — that whoever believes and is baptised will be saved, but whoever does not believe is condemned already. Mark 16:16, John 3:18.

 

[sawdust]

Isaiah 66:24 the previous verse 23 speaks of restoration. All of mankind will worship the Lord, verse 24 speaks of judgment. All people be will be held accountable for the life they lived on earth.The language denotes that judgment has been determined and is unstoppable.
See 1 Cor 3:12

Yes, judgment on the wicked and those who transgressed against the Lord are destroyed. Those who are redeemed can see their dead bodies. Isaiah is speaking of the Second Coming when the Lord will restore Israel and usher in the Millennium but it is also descriptive of the final judgement. The wicked will be destroyed, thrown into the lake of fire.

1Cor.3:12 has nothing to do with the destruction of the wicked.

 

[dqhall]

Then death and the grave were thrown into the lake of fire. This lake of fire is the second death.
Rev 20:14


Revelation indicates that death and suffering, wickedness and death will come to an end. God will heal the world, through His infinite wisdom to restore all creation to the original perfect condition prior to the fall in Genesis.

"He will wipe every tear from their eyes, and there will be no more death or sorrow or crying or pain. All these things are gone forever.” Rev 21:4

Jesus taught a parable about wheat and tares. The tares were weeds with inedible seed. Some scholars thought it might be the bearded darnel. The farmer was shown the tares growing among the wheat. He did not order his workers to uproot the weeds as this might also uproot the wheat. During the harvest they were instructed to separate the wheat from the weeds, to gather the grain into his storage facility and to burn the weeds. The wheat grains were likened to righteous people and the tares were like the wicked. Not all will be saved.

Some church leaders do not trust Revelation. The Greek Orthodox do not allow it to be read aloud in their church service. I learned this from a Greek Orthodox member in CF and checked it online. They do not use Revelation in their liturgy.

Eusebius supervised the preparation of Bibles for Emperor Constantine. He wrote a history of the early church, Ecclesiastical History, c. 325 AD. He wrote about some early church leaders objecting to the book Revelation. They stated it was not written by the Apostle John, but it was forged.

 

[ozso]

Jesus taught a parable about wheat and tares. The tares were weeds with inedible seed. Some scholars thought it might be the bearded darnel. The farmer was shown the tares growing among the wheat. He did not order his workers to uproot the weeds as this might also uproot the wheat. During the harvest they were instructed to separate the wheat from the weeds, to gather the grain into his storage facility and to burn the weeds. The wheat grains were likened to righteous people and the tares were like the wicked. Not all will be saved.

Some church leaders do not trust Revelation. The Greek Orthodox do not allow it to be read aloud in their church service. I learned this from a Greek Orthodox member in CF and checked it online. They do not use Revelation in their liturgy.

Eusebius supervised the preparation of Bibles for Emperor Constantine. He wrote a history of the early church, Ecclesiastical History, c. 325 AD. He wrote about some early church leaders objecting to the book Revelation. They stated it was not written by the Apostle John, but it was forged.

It's interesting how Revelation is used to support both views. I agree with what you say about it.