... they say Neanderthals were just as smart as us, but then some argue that they weren’t. Well nobody is arguing that they were more intelligent than us yet their brains were 20% larger. So this makes the progression of intelligence based on brain size argument a little suspect for me. They also say that human brain volume has a poor correlation with intelligence. So these things make me have doubts about how much weight to put on the other hominids having lower intelligence due to a smaller brain. We can’t study a non-human hominid brain they are all decomposed for thousands of years all we have is an empty skull to look at.
In primates, cranial volume is important, but also how that volume is distributed - the medial-frontal cortex and forebrain are the areas of particular interest in terms of cognitive ability, e.g. intelligence, planning, etc.
How much can we know from an empty skull?
Quite a lot - not only the relative sizes of brain as a whole, but the inside of the skull has a record of the relative sizes (and sometimes the convolutions) of the various brain areas.
... this would be a really tough situation for any species at all. Childbirth survival rates were horrible back then anyway, it isn’t like Homo sapiens were in some plush setting where it wasn’t a major problem. There are many species who stay put and don’t move around all the time not just Homo Sapiens. Ok so long infancy periods is the price you pay for having self aware cognition, so what, many species could have been given this same burden/benefit package deal.
The more severe the conditions, the stronger the selection pressures and the more rapid the evolution. Other species either did not have the characteristics that made self-aware cognition a major selective advantage, or the conditions that made it an advantage didn't persist long enough.
It being worth it is totally subjective though, yes it’s a tradeoff, but it makes no sense that out of millions of species it was only “Worth it” for a very select few in all of Earth’s history, and then on top of that the very few died off all except for Homo Sapiens. How could higher self aware intelligence NOT be worth it for 0.00000001% of species, but worth it for just one? “It was worth it” sounds ad hoc in order to hold onto the blind portion of evolution.
It's 'worth it' if it provides a reproductive advantage in some way. It was worth it for at least 6 to 8 hominid species that co-existed over roughly the same time frame. Some survived longer than others; we survived them all. It's not clear why the others dies out, but even modern humans were down to around 5,000 to 10,000 individuals at one time, so it would seem that we were extremely lucky. It may be that we were smart enough to survive when the others didn't, but it may just have been random chance.
The fact that evolution started this trend of giving a boost in cognition to about a dozen different species, and they all died off except for one, and evolution never again felt the need to repeat this process, looks very guided and goal oriented.
Evolution doesn't 'feel' anything. It's the process by which small advantages promoting reproductive success tend to spread through a population.
How does this even work exactly, if Homo Sapiens came onto the scene at let’s say 100,000 BC then what were they in 100,100 BC? If you object and say that the transition would be WAY longer than 100 yrs, well if that is the case then we would have transitional fossils.
We only have random snapshots of the evolutionary sequence. The decision to name a particular example in the sequence the first modern human is a judgement call - you see that a particular fossil has almost all the distinguishing characteristics of contemporary humans, and earlier fossils either lack some of those characteristics or has them in less well-developed forms. There will almost certainly be fossils prior to that 'first modern human' that could deserve the label, but we only have access to a tiny number overall. The picture is complicated by the branching of the hominid lineage and the interbreeding of various branches - we have genes from Neanderthals, Denisovans, and at least one other, as yet unknown, species.
But even if we had access to fossils of every generation back to the common ancestor primate, we'd still want to mark some point in the sequence as the first modern human, just as we find it necessary to mark the transition from childhood to adulthood at some arbitrary age in the late teens or early 20s.