My Sister answered very well above.
But for clarity I want to add there are 2 words that translate into English as prayer.
DUA-a word that translates as prayer and is more like the Christian concept of prayer. However it can be not only our words but also our actions and thoughts. We do strive to make our entire life a prayer.
A dua can be said at anytime when we desire and in our language of preference. Duas can be our own words. typically they are words of praise to Allaah(swt), Asking for forgiveness, Asking for help, giving Thanks etc.
There are some that have become common and said frequently by many people. Here is a link to some of the most frequently said Duas
LINK
Salat- Which are our 5 Daily obligatory prayers. except for the Qur'an recititation they are the same world wide and must be said in Arabic. They are closer to a church service than what is commonly called a prayer in English.
Here is a typical Salah, Our morning Prayer Fajr
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