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The Holocene Deniers

grmorton

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He has one argument. It has been pointed out to him that climatologists and meteorologists are aware of the problems of the sites he has pointed out. They aren't ignoring it. And even if a thermometer was wrong by ten degrees, it could still track trends.

And you Gracchus are ignoring my retort to this. Please explain why the trend will be the same when in 1900 there were no air conditioners next to the thermometers and today lots of them do, which should heat the air around today's thermometers and thus make the apparent warming greater.

Why this is such a tough concept for you all I don't know.

Would you actually address this issue and explain why not having an air conditioner as a pet in 1900 and having one in 2009 won't change the output of the thermometer so that the trend will be the same as if one has a thermometer sans air conditioner and urban heat in both 1900 and 2009?

Sheesh.

If he would acknowlege that, he would have no argument. He wouldn't be smarter and more knowledgeable than the experts. Can't have that, can we?

Contrary to what you guys seem to think, science consists of understanding criticisms and the responding to the criticism. If there were no change in the situation at a station in the past 100 years, then what you all say would be true. But, there hase been a huge amount of cement poured in the cities, air conditioners with their heating exhausts have been placed next to the thermometers and you all think nothing has changed. It is an entirely different world we live in today than we lived in in 1900.

Do you deny this?
 
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grmorton

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Now you and I and everybody else here knows I have been looking at your data with as much focus as you.

Not exactly. YOu keep making up models that don't match reality. and then ignoring things like the 0.3 deg C added merely by editing.



The fact that I look at the data using statistics (which as I pointed out earlier, is apparently quite integral to the whole study of this data, as the Peterson article shows) and that I don't fall for the "anecdotal" freshman failures your analysis suffers from is hardly reason to mischaracterize what has occurred here, Glenn.

With models that don't match reality. Ever hear of garbage in; garbage out?

No you indicated you would correct it, which you never have.

Here's what you said in Post #414:

(emphasis added)

You have so far not corrected it. You have made an excuse that Excel fooled you into thinking 100 data points looks like 30,000 data points, and you plotted a different type of graph altogether, and demanded to know how it matched up with other plots.


An excuse is hardly a correction. Taking responsibility is hardly the same as a "correction".

Glenn, everyone who is reading this thread knows that is pure and utter mischaracterization of what has occured.

in your mind. Once again you can't do your research. Let's see, there are other posts that I have made other than post 414 but you insist that everything must be in post 414. How curiously inflexible of you.

I will say that I have just had some hard drive problems yesterday which prevent me from using any of the office products. I bought a new hard disk and tried to re-install the Dell 64 bit os and found that the system disk they sent me has nothing on it. I will be partly down for most of this week until they can send me a new back up. Internet explorer won't work, Excel won't work, Powerpoint partly works, So I downloaded google chrome to get on the web with my bad disk.

What is your game here Glenn? I don't know how many times on this thread alone I have said explicitly that I could be quite mistaken on the numbers I am crunching. All I ask is that you prove I am wrong.

Prove you wrong? Life doesn't consist of mathematical proofs. And I didn't come here to debate you even though you seem to be under that misapprehension. I came here to show the data that I have been showing.


Your mischaracterizations are bordering on the pathological here, Glenn.

Tough.

So what you are saying is: you couldn't prove your contention that the data align with a slope 0.8 so you plotted it a completely different way to make your point?

I showed that the cold end of the data does not have the slope of 1. You can see that in my graph. I also pointed out to you from your own graph that when one town is 40 degrees the other can be anywhere from something like 15 to 70 degrees and these towns are only 20 miles apart or so.

Sorry, Glenn, but you clearly claimed that the two stations only lined up with a slope of about 0.8. You were wrong. You even took responsibility for your error and you said you would "fix it", so you opted to plot something completely different????

This part is frustrating. I can't get excel to open after last night but I did plot the data and you are lazy in not going to find it. If you can't remember it then maybe you should pay more attention to what I write.

[/I]Actually I addressed the IR plot and urban warming in detail by reference to the Peterson article. But I recognize the Peterson article is a bit more "involved" science than you like. You like cartoon anecdotal science.

Actually, again, you are mistaken. I reference the Peterson 2003 article section d on instrumentation.

All one has to do is look at the temperatures in the picture I posted of Atlanta to see that the red, which is in the city is representative of a significantly higher temperature than the pale/whitish yellow out in the surrounding countryside, to see that urbanization does indeed have a huge impact on the temperature. Often times, Thau, one merely needs to look at the temperature rather than using obfuscation.


You are free to read it.

Your link was broken on the page, although I was able to find it and did look at it. Thau, just because someone publishes something doesn't automatically make it correct, nor does it make it incapable of being criticized.

This dataset of the most homogeneous
long-term U.S. stations has an average of six
discontinuities per century and not a single station is
homogeneous for its full period of record.

THOMAS C. PETERSON "Assessment of Urban Versus Rural In Situ Surface Temperatures in the Contiguous
United States: No Difference Found," Journal of Climate VOL. 16, NO. 18 J15 SEPTEMBER 2003, p. 2942

Not a single temperature station is static throughout the entire time.

Now, you asked earlier and I didn't have time to answer, why some of the urban stations might be cooler than the surroundings, when we all know that the cities are getting hotter. As I have pointed out repeatedly just because a station is in the rural area doesn't mean it is unaffected by urban heat. I showed earlier a picture of the station from Riverton Wyoming which is quite a rural area, but the thermometer is next to two air conditioners

weatherWYRiverton_closeup_95-97_airconditionera.jpg


http://home.entouch.net/dmd/weatherWYRiverton_closeup_95-97_airconditionera.jpg if the image insertion doesn't work.


I'm glad you brought this up. I just found an article from 1998 about homogenization and the rationalization behind it. LINK (I'm starting to read through it, it looks quite interesting.

Do you know what an "homogenous climate time series" is, Glenn? Let' me give you the definition from 1950 (long before the deviltry of Big-Global Warming Mafia started up full force)

Do you know what physics is thau?

Ha ha ha! That's pretty funny. I actually read the Peterson 2003 article. Did you?

Yes, but I find the fact that the time of observation correction, which is a model saying what the temperature would be if you had measured it at midnight to be quite interesting. It removes about 2/3 of the observed temperature variance. I really don't like things that say what the data would be like if you had measured it.

And interstingly you have ignored the multiple times I've pointed out your howling errors on statistics (Post #513). Shall I keep bumping that post? Certainly by now the other posters on here are familiar with it. Perhaps they can point you to it again.


And lets remind people of your own howlers. The SD of the temperature difference between almost any two towns I have ever looked at is 3-4 degrees. To be 95% sure that the world is warming, the data must be precise to within 3 standard deviations. That means that given the error, the world has warmed 1.1 deg F +/- 11 deg or so And you don't find this odd. That IS a howler.

[/I]No, Glenn, you plotted a DIFFERENT THING. A correction would be a graph with Okmulgee on one axis and Okemah on the other. THIS IS THE GRAPH YOU (er Excel) MESSED UP.


YEs, Thau, I messed up the graph. I will admit it as many times as you wish me to. You, on the other hand have yet to acknowledge that you made that howling statistical misunderstanding about the error bars around warming.

You also made a physics howler trying to figure out if temperature was additive. And you made a howler out of explaining how heat is transferred. And you have NOT addressed the IR photos where I pointed out that the IR pictures show that the cement is 15 deg C hotter than the grass, and guess where the thermometer was? On the cement.

Honestly, Trusty, if you think "correction" means finding another way to get around your mistake, then you and I have very different versions of "correction".


No, My point that the data doesn't line up 1-1 is still true. The 1990s subtraction that you showed in this post shows that one town gets very hot and the other doesn't. The difference is as great as 3 degrees in the 90s. If there was no bias at that time, the 180 day running average couldn't be the what I showed, what the data shows.

Sorry, but when dealing with data, statistics wins every time.

I thought you thought that. I stand by the fact that statistics is not the end all and be all of everything.

People who don't rely on statistics to deal with data and noisy data especially, are doomed to failure. Or at least doomed to interpreting noise as signal.

People who don't understand physics shouldn't be trying to use statistics.

Typical freshman error.

I suspect that is your opinion because the only thing you appear to know about stats is "average and standard deviation". Clearly you have a high school level of statistical knowledge. Which is A-OK except you are telling me the stats are wrong. (POST # 513) -- keep ignoring it as you like.

I told you right up front Thau, that I am not getting into a discuss like we did last time. I am not going to have you and I speaking only to each other with no one else understanding. Pictures are perfect for what I want to do. But apparently you can't see that the bad siting of stations will tilt the trend because in 1900 there were no air conditioners next to thermometers and there are today. The logical conclusion from physics is that today's thermometers with their air conditioner pets will read warmer than those in 1900.

You couldn't even actually correct a XvsY plot to show the right data! You had to plot it in a completely unrelated and different way! Why is that, Trusty?

Given the current state of my computer, I am forced to agree. I just found out that Word won't work.

And you know what, Glenn. I've been in industrial R&D as well as governmnetal and academic R&D now for quite some time and I'll tell you, I've seen plenty of folks who don't know statistics from a hole in the ground. And I've seen people make horrible errors because they interpretted noise as signal.

And you can't seem to understand the connection between noise level and SD which we debated before and you hilariously think that a large sd doesn't mean a large noise level when one subtracts the two nearby towns, which, as I will point out to all those who want to talke about trends, should show the same trend, but they don't because of the noise.

thau said:
NOTE TO GLENN'S EMPLOYER: He freely admits you pay him for something an untrained joe off the street could do.

You know, given what I am paid, I would cite this as evidence that I am pretty smart to get someone to pay me like that for that kind of skill.

And you absolutely confirm Tetlock's conclusion that experts are always far over confident in their conclusions. YOu are so confident that you dont' think you can be wrong--which is exactly what Tetlock's psychological studies showed. It is because of this fact that experts are wrong more than they like to think that I am always looking for why I might be wrong, and that is why I changed from beleiving AGW to disbelieving it. You, of course, have never changed your opinion.

HINT: Here's the graph under discussion:

okok_glennvthau.jpg


In order to make the claim my slope was wrong you would have to plot a graph with Okmulgee on the x-axis and Okemah on the-Y axis.

Here's the graph you posted in Post #414 (I assume this must be what you call a "correction")

weatherOKOkemah-Okmulgee180d_avesmall.jpg


No, actually that is the chart I posted BEFORE my issue with Excell. I posted it again in that post but that isn't the correction Apparently you can't follow the temporal order of a discussion. It isn't from the post where I did replot it. But, as with the claim that I didn't acknowledge the error, you seem incapable of actually finding a post. Maybe after we go through another couple of rounds of you mis-claiming things I will point you to it. And like last time, you won't acknowlegde that you were wrong in your claim about what I did or didn't do.
 
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grmorton

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Thau thinks that rural stations in Petersens article being cooler than urban areas is something to crow about. As I said before, just because a station is in a rural area doesn't mean it is unaffected by heat sources. If a rural area station is more affected than the urban station, then clearly the urban station will be cooler.

Of course, Thau didn't think about this possibility because he doesn't think about the physics of the situation. You can see the MMTS attached to the red wall just by the window and above the heat grates with the air conditioner coil in the shadow nearby. According to Thau, this being a rural station means that it is unaffected by modern heat sources--something that is really silly.

weatherOHUrbanaThermometer.JPG



Edited to add another rural station which is affected by modern heat. St. Ignatius Montana, a rural area. and the MMTS has a near by air conditioner. Thau, think physics.

Thau, Please explain why these cases do not make it at least worth looking individually at Petersen's hotter urban thermometers? Statistics won't tell you that there is an air conditioner in a rural area.

http://gallery.surfacestations.org/...bum.UpdatesAlbum&g2_albumId=7&g2_itemId=74589
St_Ignatius_AC_discharge.jpg
 
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grmorton

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More data for Thau to ignore. Glenville GA a town of 5000. The thermometer is 16.4 feet from the air conditioner and only 10 feet from the house--remember the pdf I pointed Gracchus to? It said it should be 100 m (300 ft) from a building.

Glennville_to_N.jpg


rural stations today ARE affected by the heat. I would grant that they are affected less on average than what happens in the city, but you can't ask me, Thau why there are rural stations cooler than urban stations when you haven't thought about the physics or which station is the problematic one--the rural or the urban station.

Statistics wont' tell you the answer to this, or how many angels can dance on the head of a pin.

You could, if you would but apply yourself, find this data for yourself.
 
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grmorton

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Here is another rural area with an air conditioner--New Castle Wyoming

weatherWYNewCastleEastAirconditioner.jpg


Since Petersen was using data from 1989 to 1991 and both of those are in the modern area, if both rural and urban stations are heating their thermometers, it is no surprise that there is so little difference between urban and city any more--but don't think we are getting a pristine rural temperature record any longer.
 
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thaumaturgy

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Not exactly. YOu keep making up models that don't match reality. and then ignoring things like the 0.3 deg C added merely by editing.

Glenn, I've been downloading your data and plotting it. The fact you keep acting as if I'm not doesn't speak well of your veracity. Sure I've generated models along with this. But do me the great honor of at least presenting what I have done accurately.

I most assuredly do not appreciate someone clipping my data, Trusty.

Prove you wrong? Life doesn't consist of mathematical proofs.
If you can't use math to prove a mathematical concept wrong then it says more about your ability with the math than it does about "life".

And I didn't come here to debate you even though you seem to be under that misapprehension. I came here to show the data that I have been showing.
Too bad for you you ran into a PhD scientist with about years of experience in industrial/academic/governmental research science and who has some statistical chops.

I showed that the cold end of the data does not have the slope of 1. You can see that in my graph. I also pointed out to you from your own graph that when one town is 40 degrees the other can be anywhere from something like 15 to 70 degrees and these towns are only 20 miles apart or so.
All you have to do is replot the data as you originally had and which you had somehow lost 29,900 data points. I didn't ask you to show me another graph of unrelated format.

I will stand by the math and the graph until you prove mathematically otherwise.

A slope is a really, really easy thing to generate, Glenn.

This part is frustrating. I can't get excel to open after last night but I did plot the data and you are lazy in not going to find it. If you can't remember it then maybe you should pay more attention to what I write.
I actually would look quite forward to that. I don't mean to be a complete tool on this but I've had plenty of training from a pro these past 500 posts.

All one has to do is look at the temperatures in the picture I posted of Atlanta to see that the red, which is in the city is representative of a significantly higher temperature than the pale/whitish yellow out in the surrounding countryside, to see that urbanization does indeed have a huge impact on the temperature. Often times, Thau, one merely needs to look at the temperature rather than using obfuscation.
Wow, Glenn. So when someone speaks against your confirmation bias you call it obfuscation.

I see how this works.


Your link was broken on the page, although I was able to find it and did look at it. Thau, just because someone publishes something doesn't automatically make it correct, nor does it make it incapable of being criticized.
Well, unless you can prove his numbers to be lies or incorrectly processed you'll have to keep your yap shut on it won't you?

Remember just yelling at someone, while it may work for you "managers" doesn't change what the numbers say.

I've heard plenty of desk-jockies talk a big game about science, but until I see them prove the point with either hard data or accurate assessment of said data I have little patience for it.

Anyone whose rolled their sleeves up and gotten dirty with the hard data can tell you the "declarations" of a manager or desk-jockey matters not one whit.

And lets remind people of your own howlers. The SD of the temperature difference between almost any two towns I have ever looked at is 3-4 degrees. To be 95% sure that the world is warming, the data must be precise to within 3 standard deviations.
Er...95% of the population is within about 2 standard deviations of the mean* (this is, indeed, within 3 standard deviations, but the rule is generally called the 68-95-99.7 Rule in stats...3 sd contains 99.7% of the population).

But that is not the same as a 95% confidence interval on the mean

As I've repeatedly pointed out the 95% confidence interval on the mean is equal to a band that is + [FONT=&quot]1.96*s/sqrt(N)[/FONT]

YEs, Thau, I messed up the graph. I will admit it as many times as you wish me to. You, on the other hand have yet to acknowledge that you made that howling statistical misunderstanding about the error bars around warming.
the 95% confidence interval on the mean is equal to:

mean+1.96*s/sqrt(N)

where:
s = standard deviation
sqrt(N) = square root of the number of samples
(1.96 is the z-statistic value applicable for populations, but the t-statistic value can be used based on the number of degrees of freedom)

What I'm curious about, Glenn, is is it the fraction part of the math that is throwing you off or is it the color of the font?

I can change the color for you, or I can help you with understanding what a denominator is if you like.

Let me know what your issue is.

95% ci on the mean =mean+1.96*s/sqrt(N)

where:
s = standard deviation
sqrt(N) = square root of the number of samples
(1.96 is the z-statistic value applicable for populations, but the t-statistic value can be used based on the number of degrees of freedom)

You also made a physics howler trying to figure out if temperature was additive.
Was I incorrect in the conclusion from that post?

Please show me how the conclusion was incorrect.

(I posed the question in a rhetorical fashion in case there was something missing, but I don't recall making a factual error. I do recall asking if it would be additive and then quite quickly in the same post ultimately building out the hypothesis that indeed it should not be and would bias the temperature high by placing a floor on temperatures.)

And you made a howler out of explaining how heat is transferred.
Ahhh, but sadly I was also technically correct there as well, Glenn. While you don't need statistical mechanics to explain convective heat transfer YOU CAN USE STATISTICAL MECHANICS FOR IT.

Now of course at the time I clearly stated this was not my area.

At least I didn't tell you you were WRONG. The reason your stats errors are so disgusting is not because you were so wrong but rather because you were such a SNOT about it and told me repeatedly how bad I was with stats.

That's the difference, Glenn. I don't care that you never got past high school stats or that you don't understand stats. But please don't insult me and be bad with stats.


People who don't understand physics shouldn't be trying to use statistics.

Uhhh...why?

I told you right up front Thau, that I am not getting into a discuss like we did last time. I am not going to have you and I speaking only to each other with no one else understanding.
So you can't talk science at the big-boy level? Got it.:thumbsup:

Frankly I'm not here to talk try to convince the gullible. I'm not here to spin the data or "cartoonify" it. You came to a gunfight with a butterknife, Glenn.

Given the current state of my computer, I am forced to agree. I just found out that Word won't work.
So now Word is involved in processing data? Your computer is very messed up!

I recommend you buy a new one. Might try an Apple this time?

And you can't seem to understand the connection between noise level and SD which we debated before and you hilariously think that a large sd doesn't mean a large noise level when one subtracts the two nearby towns,
Oh my. It's almost like you are incapable of understanding the t-test.

Let me trot it out for you again:

t = (Mean[sub]1[/sub] - Mean[sub]2[/sub])/s[sub]mean1-mean2[/sub]

where
s[sub]mean1-mean2[/sub] is the standard error of the difference between the means. It itself is:

s[sub]mean1-mean2[/sub] = sqrt{((N[sub]1[/sub]s[sub]1[/sub][sup]2[/sup] + N[sub]2[/sub]s[sub]2[/sub][sup]2[/sup])/(N[sub]1[/sub]+N[sub]2[/sub]-2))*((N[sub]1[/sub]+N[sub]2[/sub])/N[sub]1[/sub]N[sub]2[/sub]))}

N= number of samples
[FONT=&quot]s= standard deviation
[/FONT]
There's a pairwise version also available

t = d/(s[sub]d[/sub]/sqrt(N))
where
d= (1/N)*sum(differences between individual pairs)
s[sub]d[/sub] = sqrt{(1/(N-1)*sum((d[sub]i[/sub]-d)^2))

But maybe I'm missing something. You seem to freely throw around sd and error. Which error specifically are you talking about?

The standard error of the mean is actually the standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of samples

The standard deviation is a measure of dispersion of the data about the mean.


You know, given what I am paid, I would cite this as evidence that I am pretty smart to get someone to pay me like that for that kind of skill.
:) Actions speak far louder than paychecks in the world of science.

No, actually that is the chart I posted BEFORE my issue with Excell.
Well, I sure couldn't find your corrected Okmulgee vs Okemah post. And the fact you can't seem to repost it or do anything other than say you already did and you aren't going to show me just sounds weird.

If you posted it after post #414 just show me where it is. I'll gladly apologize!

I posted it again in that post but that isn't the correction Apparently you can't follow the temporal order of a discussion.
IF ANYONE CAN SHOW ME WHERE GLENN POSTED THIS CORRECTION< PLEASE DO SO. I WILL GLADLY APOLOGIZE TO GLENN.

I'm guessing he can't apparently find it either.
(maybe Microsoft Internet Explorer is getting in on the action and messing up stuff too! Along with Excel and Word!)

It isn't from the post where I did replot it. But, as with the claim that I didn't acknowledge the error, you seem incapable of actually finding a post.
Apparently you can't either.

I'm noting this about you Glen: YOU TALK BIG.

Maybe after we go through another couple of rounds of you mis-claiming things I will point you to it.
I looked. But if it allows you to talk big some more I'll wait.

And like last time, you won't acknowlegde that you were wrong in your claim about what I did or didn't do.
I will give you blessings and a reputation bump if you do that very thing.

And I WILL PUBLICLY APOLOGIZE IF YOU SHOW ME THE POST.

You have this post as proof of that. If you show me where you reposted the Okmulgee vs Okemah x vs y plot along with the slope I will apologize and you can repeatedly take this post as a bat to hit me with repeatedly.

Please just do something! STOP TALKING talking talking. That's all you desk-jockies/managers do!

 
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thaumaturgy

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Thau thinks that rural stations in Petersens article being cooler than urban areas is something to crow about. As I said before, just because a station is in a rural area doesn't mean it is unaffected by heat sources.

This is a fair point. Interestingly enough Peterson speaks about siting bias in the 2003 paper.

Now Peterson, admittedly, focused on heat bias from rooftop sitings, but here's the quote of importance from his article:

Peterson2003 said:
Yet it is clearly important to remove this source of bias from the data. Fortunately, only 2 of the 289 stations had metadata indicating nonstandard siting during this period, which in both cases were rooftop locations. One was urban and the other was classified as suburban. Data from rooftop stations were removed from further analysis.(Peterson 2003)
(Emphasis added).
 
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thaumaturgy

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This part is frustrating. I can't get excel to open after last night but I did plot the data and you are lazy in not going to find it.

OK: Timestamp: Sunday Sept. 13, 2009. I've looked through all the posts after 414 and I still can't find an Okmulgee vs Okemah (x vs y) graph you replotted.

grmorton said:
No, My point that the data doesn't line up 1-1 is still true.

Well, you'll have to prove that one. I'll wait. But do just prove it.

okok_daily.JPG


Look very closely, that little red line has teeny tiny red dots beside it. That's the 95% confidence interval on that fit. That fit has a slope of 0.97
 
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thaumaturgy

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Addressing this picture:

ts.ushcn_anom25_diffs_urb-raw_pg.gif

Firstly: Just because an increase in temperature is seen doesn't mean it is unjustified. In the present case this is the outcome of all the well-described corrections/homogenizations necessary to make the data reasonable.

These homogenizations are outlined and shown in "stepwise fashion" in THIS SITE

Here's what they are doing:

NOAA said:
The data for each station in the USHCN are subjected to the following quality control and homogeneity testing and adjustment procedures.


  1. A quality control procedure is performed that uses trimmed means and standard deviations in comparison with surrounding stations to identify suspects (> 3.5 standard deviations away from the mean) and outliers (> 5.0 standard deviations). Until recently these suspects and outliers were hand-verified with the original records. However, with the development at the NCDC of more sophisticated QC procedures this has been found to be unnecessary.
  2. Next, the temperature data are adjusted for the time-of-observation bias (Karl, et al. 1986) which occurs when observing times are changed from midnight to some time earlier in the day. The TOB is the first of several adjustments. The ending time of the 24 hour climatological day varies from station to station and/or over a period of years at a given station. The TOB introduces a non climatic bias into the monthly means. The TOB software is an empirical model used to estimate the time of observation biases associated with different observation schedules and the routine computes the TOB with respect to daily readings taken at midnight. Details on the procedure are given in, "A Model to Estimate the Time of Observation Bias Associated with Monthly Mean Maximum, Minimum, and Mean Temperatures." by Karl, Williams, et al.1986, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 15: 145-160.
  3. Temperature data at stations that have the Maximum/Minimum Temperature System (MMTS) are adjusted for the bias introduced when the liquid-in-glass thermometers were replaced with the MMTS (Quayle, et al. 1991). The TOB debiased data are input into the MMTS program and is the second adjustment. The MMTS program debiases the data obtained from stations with MMTS sensors. The NWS has replaced a majority of the liquid-in-glass thermometers in wooden Cotton-Region shelters with thermistor based maximum-minimum temperature systems (MMTS) housed in smaller plastic shelters. This adjustment removes the MMTS bias for stations so equipped with this type of sensor. The adjustment factors are most appropriate for use when time series of states or larger areas are required. Specific details on the procedures used are given in, "Effects of Recent Thermometer Changes in the Cooperative Network" by Quayle, Easterling, et al. 1991, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 72:1718-1724.
  4. The homogeneity adjustment scheme described in Karl and Williams (1987) is performed using the station history metadata file to account for time series discontinuities due to random station moves and other station changes. The debiased data from the second adjustment are then entered into the Station History Adjustment Program or SHAP. The SHAP allows a climatological time series of temperature and precipitation adjustment for station inhomogeneities using station history information and is the third adjustment. The adjusted data retains its original scale and is not an anomaly series. The methodology uses the concepts of relative homogeneity and standard parametric (temperature) and non parametric (precipitation) statistics to adjust the data. In addition, this technique provides an estimate of the confidence interval associated with each adjustment. The SHAP program debiases the data with respect to changes other than the MMTS conversion to produced the "adjusted data". Specific details on the procedures used are given in, "An Approach to Adjusting Climatological Time Series for Discontinuous Inhomogeneities" by Karl, and Williams, Jr. 1987, Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 26:1744-1763.
  5. Estimates for missing data are provided using a procedure similar to that used in the homogeneity adjustment scheme in step three. This fourth adjustment uses the debiased data from the third adjustment (SHAP) and fills in missing original data when needed (i.e. calculates estimated data) based on a "network" of the best correlated nearby stations. The FILNET program also completed the data adjustment process for stations that moved too often for the SHAP program to estimate the adjustments needed to debias the data. Each of the above adjustments is done is a sequential manner. The areal edits are preformed first and then the data are passed through the following programs (TOBS, MMTS, SHAP and FILNET). At the end of each program, a dataset is produced and the graphs below show the annual temperature departures for each of the adjusted values.
  6. The final adjustment is for an urban warming bias which uses the regression approach outlined in Karl, et al. (1988). The result of this adjustment is the "final" version of the data. Details on the urban warming adjustment are available in "Urbanization: Its Detection and Effect in the United States Climate Record" by Karl. T.R., et al., 1988, Journal of Climate 1:1099-1123.

The graph below (from the same site) shows the "stepwise" effect of each of the various corrections:
ts.ushcn_anom25_diffs_pg.gif

Now, the simplistic 'cartoon' idea that these scientists are merely subtracting out data to make the trend line up to show whatever warming they want is simply unwarranted.

The fact that the steps are outlined and referenced to the open literature indicates that nothing is being hidden. No voodoo is being done in some secret smoke-filled room.

This is simply the best they have been able to do with the data available and requires their effort and attention to the detail.

In the end the numbers say what the numbers say.

 
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grmorton

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This is a fair point. Interestingly enough Peterson speaks about siting bias in the 2003 paper.

Now Peterson, admittedly, focused on heat bias from rooftop sitings, but here's the quote of importance from his article:

(Emphasis added).

Thank you for finally taking some of my points seriously. Maybe only 2 out of his dataset. The problem is that there are lots of rooftop stations in the US HCN. Baltimore MD, Santa Ana CA, Titusville FL, Roseburg OR. But those on surfaces like a roof top are also numerous- Paso Robles CA, Lampas TX, and Waterville, WA

Bias is everywhere in the siting of these stations. YOu never did respond to the burn barrel next to the thermometer at Tahoe City Ca. or the barbeque next to the station I posted a few days ago and I forget the town.

So many of the stations have these problems and you think statistics justifies their validity. It doesn't. Physics is the only important thing here, not statistics.
 
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grmorton

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Addressing this picture:

ts.ushcn_anom25_diffs_urb-raw_pg.gif

Firstly: Just because an increase in temperature is seen doesn't mean it is unjustified. In the present case this is the outcome of all the well-described corrections/homogenizations necessary to make the data reasonable.

These homogenizations are outlined and shown in "stepwise fashion" in THIS SITE

Here's what they are doing:



The graph below (from the same site) shows the "stepwise" effect of each of the various corrections:
ts.ushcn_anom25_diffs_pg.gif

Now, the simplistic 'cartoon' idea that these scientists are merely subtracting out data to make the trend line up to show whatever warming they want is simply unwarranted.

The fact that the steps are outlined and referenced to the open literature indicates that nothing is being hidden. No voodoo is being done in some secret smoke-filled room.

This is simply the best they have been able to do with the data available and requires their effort and attention to the detail.

In the end the numbers say what the numbers say.



Hidden or not do you think that today's thermometers, when compared with the thermometers of 1900, require a 0.3 deg UPLIFT in temperature????

In other words, do you really think that the thermometers of 1900 were better than those of today???

The 1900 thermometers were not corrected. that is what the NOAA chart at the top of this post says. The raw data they recorded is carried through the system without any correction factor. That means that GISS thinks those data are perfectly good. But the 2000 thermometers are said to require a 0.3 deg upward correction in reading. That means that they think modern thermometers are awful.

Is that really sensible? I say no. You seem to say yes.

Saying yes means that you think today's thermometers are worse than those used in 1900. Do you really beleive that?
 
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thaumaturgy

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Saying yes means that you think today's thermometers are worse than those used in 1900. Do you really beleive that?

Actually Glenn, it looks to me like the main thermometer "correction" occurs in 1989 with the switch over from LiG to MMTS, but I believe there are a number of studies related to both the variety of temperature measurements and the instrumentation

Peterson2003 said:
The fractional instrumentation numbers are due to instruments changing during the 1989&#8211;91(Peterson 2003)

This is plainly visible in the second graph I showed which shows the incremental effects of the various changes. Note the little jump in the red line at about 1989.

There are a number of studies in the Peterson 2003 paper in section d (again I have to mention that) that discuss this very detailed topic at great length.

I cannot, and I stress, I cannot recommend enough reading it again.

Further, there's a side-by-side study (apparently quite thorough) comparing the Liquid-in-glass thermometers with the MMTS systems by Quayle in 1991.

I will have to dig that paper up since it comes up over and over again. A fact anyone reading these Peterson papers closely would be unable to avoid seeing over and over again.
 
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grmorton

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I thought I would point out that this summer, a summer with few sunspots, was the 34th coldest summer on record.

For the 2009 summer, the average temperature of 71.7 degrees F was 0.4 degree F below the 20th Century average. The 2008 average summer temperature was 72.7 degrees F.
The U.S. as a whole was below normal for the summer period (June-August). A recurring upper level trough held the June-August temperatures down in the central states, where Michigan experienced its fifth coolest summer, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and South Dakota their seventh coolest each, Nebraska its eighth, and Iowa its ninth coolest such period. In direct contrast, the temperatures in Florida averaged out to be fourth warmest, while Washington and Texas experienced their eighth and ninth warmest such periods, respectively.
For the contiguous United States the average August temperature of 72.2°F was 0.6°F below the 20th century average and ranked as the 30th coolest August on record, based on preliminary data.

State of the Climate

August, of course was the 30th coldest on record.

The summer was the 34th coldest

The average June-August 2009 summer temperature for the contiguous United States was below average – the 34th coolest on record, according to a preliminary analysis by NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. August was also below the long-term average. The analysis is based on records dating back to 1895. NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA: Summer Temperature Below Average for U.S.

weatherSunspot.jpg


Now, most here will say, oh, anecdotal. But this is a compilation of all the temperature data this summer. And it is not I who thinks that the temperature record is good, it is YOU ALL.

So, if the temperature record is correct, as y'all claim, then you must believe that the present cold temperature is correct. And this raises some interesting questions. So far, the US high temperature record for the average temperature is 1934. We have about 1/3 more CO2 in the atmosphere today than we had in 1934. Yet, today is colder, FAR colder than the temperature in 1934. Given that we have 1/3 more CO2 in the atmosphere than we had in 1934, it is amazing that we don't have a higher temperature than we experienced in 1934.

I know that part of the reason is that we have no sunspots today. We are 3 years late for the start of the sunspot cycle. Everytime we have a dearth of sunspots we have cold temperatures. During the Maunder Minimum (1600-1700)there was a cold spell. During the Dalton minimum (1810-1820) there was a cold spell. During 1913 there was a dearth of sunspots and it was cold.And now it is our turn. In spite of what the IPCC says the sun has more impact than they believe.
 
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David Gould

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The Australian winter, by comparison, was the 2nd warmest winter on record ... When arguing against global warming, you kind of need to look at that first word a little more closely. It does not mean 'the United States of America' ...

Globally, the temperature for the June/July/August period was the second on record - equal fourth for the northern hemisphere, second for the southern hemisphere. (This is from GISS data here: Data @ NASA GISS: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP)).

So, the fact that the US was colder is irrelevant in the context of the entire globe.
 
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grmorton

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Low sunspot numbers; second warmest June/July/August period ever. Yeah, it's the sun all right...

You should look a litter further afield than you do. I will give you August but parts of Australia were quite cold in June. New Zealand had a brutal July according to friends there.

I will say, that like your house, it has been hot as you know what here in Texas and we are going through a bad drought. that doesn't change the fact that on average the US was cold this year.


Perth tastes the winter chill
SAM TERRY
July 31, 2009
Despite eastern parts of the country experiencing unusual heat for this time of year, Perth has been unusually cool, shivering through its coldest July in five years, according to weatherzone.com.au.

Maximum temperatures across Perth have been below normal this month, averaging just 18 degrees, the coldest in 11 years.

Minimums were also below average. The monthly average was just 7 degrees, the lowest in three years.
Perth tastes the winter chill



May was the coldest recorded in many parts of New Zealand and June was not far behind, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (Niwa) climate scientist Georgina Griffiths said yesterday.

In an average year, the coldest day comes during the first two weeks of July. But this year the cold snap started early, so the coldest day was probably already over, she said.

Ms Griffiths said June was cold, frosty and sunny for most of the country with average daily high temperatures for the month between 1.5C and 2.5C below normal.
Storm warnings withdrawn - National - NZ Herald News

Month of July colder and frostier than normal
Jamie Morton | 5th August 2009


Wairarapa weather watchers had every reason to dismiss July as abysmal - it was both colder and frostier than normal.

Niwa figures show the mean daily average temperature over the month was 7.1C, below the normal July average of 7.5C, with the day and night average temperatures also slightly below average at 11.7C and 2.5C respectively.

The chilliest day of the month was Sunday, July 26, which saw the mercury plummet to 2.2C in the early hours and brought a "decent-sized frost" when it pushed the grass temperature down to -5.3C, climate scientist Andrew Tait said.

Those of us who thought the morning practice of fetching hot water for frozen windscreens was becoming a little too regular also weren't far off - there were 19 days with ground frosts over the month.
Month of July colder and frostier than normal - Local News - Wairarapa Times-Age

&#8213; June in Manhattan averaged 67.5 degrees Fahrenheit, 3.7 degrees below normal _ the coldest average since 1958. The National Weather Service stated July 1: ``The last time that Central Park hit 85 in May... but not in June was back in 1903."

&#8213; In Phoenix, June's high temperatures were below 100 degrees for 15 days straight, the first such June since 1913. In California's desert, Yucca Valley's June average was 83.5, 8.5 degrees below normal. Downtown Los Angeles averaged 74.5 degrees, five below normal.

&#8213; Boston saw temperatures 4.7 degrees below normal. ``This is the second coldest average high temp since 1872," veteran meteorologist and Weather Channel alumnus Joseph D'Aleo reports at Icecap.com. ``It has been so cool and so cloudy that trees in northern New England are starting to show colors that normally first appear in September." Looking abroad, D'Aleo noted: ``Southern Brazil had one of the coldest Junes in decades, and New Zealand has had unusual cold and snow again this year."

&#8213; New Zealand's National Climate Center issued a June 2 press release headlined, ``TEMPERATURE: LOWEST EVER FOR MAY FOR MANY AREAS, COLDER THAN NORMAL FOR ALL."

&#8213; South African officials say cold weather killed two vagrants in the Eastern Cape. Both slept outdoors June 26 and froze to death.
Chills of Global Cooling

One can use electrical demand (heating) as a proxy for temperature. From Argentina

July demand hits record 9.51TWh on colder weather - Argentina
Published: Thursday, August 13, 2009
July demand hits record 9.51TWh on colder weather, Argentina, Electric Power, news

Heavy rain, lightning and high winds pound New Jersey
by The Star-Ledger Continuous News Desk
Sunday August 02, 2009

" Looking abroad, D’Aleo noted: “Southern Brazil had one of the coldest Junes in decades, and New Zealand has had unusual cold and snow again this year.”

Heavy rain, lightning and high winds pound New Jersey - NJ.com


As I said at the start of this, you can't use just your back yard to make the claim that you made.

Over the past 3 years thousands of 50+ year low temperature records have been broken around the world. Yet, we have about 80 ppm more of CO2 in the atmosphere today than we had back then. When does the CO2 start causing the low temperature records to not be broken? I mean at some point, this supposed intolerable heat should make it less and less likely that century old temperature records would be broken.From the last few years




Parts of KwaZulu-Natal were transformed into a "winter wonderland" after snowfalls blanketed several areas of the province.

Temperatures plummeted into the low teens, with residents of Kokstad and Giants Castle waking up to 0C.


Durban experienced its coldest September night in recorded history on Friday night.” Surprise spring snowfalls blanket KZN,” Sunday Tribune(South Africa), Sept 21, 2008, p. 2
News - Environment: Surprise spring snowfalls blanket KZN


“The China Meteorological Administration said that the weather was the coldest in 100 years in central Hubei and Hunan provinces, going by the total number of consecutive days of average temperature less than 1°C.”
China winter 'coldest in 100 years'
The Times of India, 5 Feb 2008, 0001 hrs IST,REUTERS China winter 'coldest in 100 years' - China - World - NEWS - The Times of India


SANTIAGO, Aug 8 (Reuters) - Snow coated the fields of Chile's normally temperate central valley wine and farm region for the first time in half a century on Wednesday, causing officials to declare an emergency to avoid traffic accidents.
. . .
Chile is facing its coldest winter in 30 years, and the National Emergency Office is recommending that older people and children stay indoors.
Unusual snowfall in Chilean wine region

08 Aug 2007 18:27:15 GMT
Reuters AlertNet - Unusual snowfall in Chilean wine region

Sydney has shivered through its coldest August in 64 years.
The harbour city had an average maximum temperature during the month of 17 degrees celsius, slightly below the long-term normal of 18.
The average overnight temperature also was down one degree to eight degrees, according to the Weatherzone.com.au figures.
With the average minimum and maximum temperatures combined, Sydney's average temperature during the month came in at 12.7 degrees.
Weatherzone.com.au meteorologist Matt Pearce said while it was a sliver below the long-term normal of 13.3 degrees it was the coldest August since 1944.

Coldest August in 64 years, Sydney Morning Herald
August 31, 2008

Coldest August in 64 years - National - smh.com.au

World is seeing weather extremes

November 13, 2008
Heavy, wet snow blanketed London on Oct. 29 as the House of Commons debated the global warming issue. It was the English city's first measurable October snowfall since 1922 and only the third time prior to Nov. 1.
In the chilly Northern Hemisphere, all-time record October snowfalls were also measured in parts of Scandinavia, Tibet, southeastern Canada and the northeastern U.S., where some farmers still had crops left in the fields that were planted late in the spring season due to record cold and wet conditions, the worst in decades in some areas. In northern Ireland, readings were the coldest since 1934 as snow made some roads practically impassable.
In Alaska, temperatures during October across the state were the third coldest on record. McGrath, in south-central Alaska, reported a record 13 mornings with subzero readings in October. Heavy snows were observed across southern Alaska. The pack ice is already 6 feet thick along the north slope of Alaska near Barrow. “

Spokesman-Review.com

I could go on and on with these but I won't. but the question is, if the world is getting warmer, statistically we should be having fewer and fewer record low temperatures.
 
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grmorton

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The Australian winter, by comparison, was the 2nd warmest winter on record ... When arguing against global warming, you kind of need to look at that first word a little more closely. It does not mean 'the United States of America' ...

Globally, the temperature for the June/July/August period was the second on record - equal fourth for the northern hemisphere, second for the southern hemisphere. (This is from GISS data here: Data @ NASA GISS: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP)).

So, the fact that the US was colder is irrelevant in the context of the entire globe.


Yes, but, given what I have shown about the sad state of the thermometers, can you really believe the temperature record? Do you not understand that heat sources next to thermometers will mean that you aren't really measuring the pristine temperature? Same thing happens in other parts of the world.

And one other thing you all seem to forget. The effect of CO2 is radiative. It should heat up as quickly as the inside of your car heats up when you roll up the windows. We have 1/3 more co2 than we had in the 1930s yet we are still breaking low temperature records from before that time.
 
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David Gould

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grmorton,

You cannot make two arguments. Either the temperature record is good, in which case the sun cannot be doing much of anything, or the temperature record is bad, in which case we have no idea whether the world is colder or warmer and we cannot make any determination about what the sun is or is not doing.

Thus, I am assuming that your argument about the sun is now withdrawn.

As to low temperature records, the earth is not like the inside of a car. Further, the average global temperature has only increased by .8 of a degree. Temperature ranges are much, much greater than .8 of a degree. Thus, we will continue to see low records broken. However, many more high temperature records will be broken. And this is in fact what we are seeing.

But, given that you do not trust the temperature data, talking to you about low and high temperature records is pretty pointless.
 
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thaumaturgy

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Addressing the issue around THERMOMETERS

According to the Abstract of Quayle, R.G., Easterling, D.R., Karl, T.R., Hughes, P.Y., 1991, Effects of recent thermometer changes in the cooperative station network, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society v72, pp1718-1723 the following can be said about the old liquid-in-glass themometers in CRS shelters versus the newer MMTS systems in plastic shelters:

During the past five years, the National Weather Service (NWS) has replaced over half of its liquid-in-glass maximum and minimum thermometers in wooden Cotton Region Shelters (CRSS) with thermistor-based Maximum-Minimum Temperature Systems (MMTSS) housed in smaller plastic shelters. Analyses of data from 424 (of the 3300) MMTS stations and 675 CRS stations show that a mean daily minimum temperature change of roughly +0.3°C, a mean daily maximum temperature change of &#8722;0.4°C, and a change in average temperature of &#8722;0.1°C were introduced as a result of the new instrumentation. The change of &#8722;0.7°C in daily temperature range is particularly significant for climate change studies that use this element as an independent variable. Although troublesome for climatologists, there is reason to believe that this change (relative to older records) represents an improvement in absolute accuracy. The bias appears to be rather sharp and well defined. Since the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) station history database contains records of instrumentation, adjustments for this bias can be readily applied, and we are reasonably confident that the corrections we have developed can be used to produce homogeneous time series of area-average temperature.(Quayle et al. 1991)
(emphasis added)

When one reads the NCDC page on the relative adjustments, this is what is said about the impact of the old termometer to new thermometer adjustment:

NCDC said:
The shift from Cotton Region Shelters to the Maximum/Minimum Thermometer System in the mid-1980's is clearly evident in the difference between the TOBS and the MMTS time series (red line). This adjustment created a small warming in the US annual time series during the mid to late 1980's.(SOURCE)
(Emphasis added)

In fact, it looks to me like the major adjustments came due to corrections for time of observation from the system.

And again, none of this is hocus-pocus. These adjustments appear to be sound and well-studied.
 
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thaumaturgy

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I've been trying to figure something out about Glenn. His apparent inability to differentiate between the 95&#37; confidence interval and the standard deviation.

Now, on a number of occasions he has stated something to the effect that for something to be 95% confident it has to be within 3 standard deviations.

Indeed this is technically correct in that 95% of the population data itself is within 2 standard deviations (which is within 3, by definition). This would be the same as saying "the 95% confidence interval is somewhere within the data set between the extremes."

But that isn't the same as the 95% confidence interval. This is often, as I've stated repeatedly, defined quite differently and assuming one has more than 5 data points it will be within 1 standard deviation of the mean. That's just how the math goes.

So I went back through and took a look at how many times this has been explained to Glenn:

In Post #233 Glenn was told what the 95% confidence interval on a mean was. It was explicitly stated

In post # 266 Glenn states:
More data of the same variance makes it impossible to increase the confidence.

Now this was 33 posts after the confidence interval equation was explicitly posted. I assume Glenn knows how fractions work and what the impact of increasing a denominator is, so I will prefer to assume he simply ignored it.

So he was corrected, again, in Post # 270

In post # 307 again Glenn states:
even into having to explain what you ought to know about statistics--that if the noise in 1900 is +/-10 degrees and today it is +/-1 then you can't know that the world has warmed.

Again, in Post #308 I had to remind him how the confidence interval works.

In Post # 340 Glenn again states:
Any one who believes one can get a 1 degree signal out of a 4 deg SD is also making a freshman level error. And that is what you are doing.

YET AGAIN he was corrected in Post #341


In post #488 Glenn writes:
To be within the 95% confidence interval one needs to be within 3 standard deviations.

Glenn was corrected in Post # 496

Now, as I said earlier, to be technically fair, Glenn was correct that the 95% confidence interval is somewhere inside of 3 standard deviations, but again, the key is that it is also within 1 standard deviation. (assuming more than about 5 data points). This was a point I initially blew off since it was apparent he was unable to differentiate between these two rather different concepts, and for that I was a bit hasty. But indeed unnecessarily limiting a confidence interval by confusing it with a standard deviation was what was more apparent by his point. But again, indeed the 95% confidence interval is, indeed, somewhere within 3 standard deviations. It is also within 1 standard deviation if you have 5 or more data points. (I was wrong to simply say he was "factually incorrect" when indeed the 95% confidence interval is somewhere within the distribution. But Glenn unnecessarily broadened that out to 3 standard deviations when, in fact, it is within 1 standard deviation if you have more than 5 data points!)

This is explained GRAPHICALLY in post # 501


He then, later, says this in Post #542:
To be 95% sure that the world is warming, the data must be precise to within 3 standard deviations. That means that given the error, the world has warmed 1.1 deg F +/- 11 deg or so And you don't find this odd. That IS a howler.

Again, the difference between a confidence interval on the mean and a standard deviation is explained in Post # 546


So that means no less than 6 times this point has been explained for Glenn yet he doesn&#8217;t seem to ever note it. He ignores it and then touts his general ignorance of this crucial difference as somehow "superior knowledge".
 
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