'Reeling from the impact' of historical trauma

Excerpted from the article...

The theory posits six historical kinds of unresolved Native American grief:

• First contact: life shock, genocide, no time for grief. Colonialization period: introduction of disease and alcohol, traumatic events such as Wounded Knee Massacre.
• Economic competition: sustenance loss (physical/spiritual).
• Invasion/war period: extermination, refugee symptoms.
• Subjugation/reservation period: confined/translocated, forced dependency on oppressor, lack of security.
• Boarding school period: destroyed family system, beatings, rape, prohibition of Native language and religion. Lasting effect: ill-prepared for parenting, identity confusion.
• Forced relocation and termination period: transfer to urban areas, prohibition of religious freedom, racism and being viewed as second class; loss of governmental system and community.

"We deal with the repercussions of it," Baltazar said of historical trauma. "You're seeing it in the substance abuse and in depression and in anxiety. … When somebody comes in to see me, it's because of the depression or the anxiety, the sleeplessness. But if you dig deep enough, it comes back to: What they are now doing to themselves was done unto them."

'Reeling from the impact' of historical trauma