I believe A.I. is definitely a part of the Prophecy you posted.
This should be included as well...
Daniel 2:43
"And whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay."
The Image will be A.I. plus some sort of 'seed mingling', i.e., Transhumanism.
Just for the record, I believe the Image of the Beast is the Little Horn in Daniel. There is no way a normal human can accomplish what the Little Horn does.