Then you have 12 people (apostles) sitting in the temple (not the upper room) at the hour of prayer which was on the sabbath and also was the Feast of Weeks which is the reason for the various nations being present (
Act 2:5).
(There were not “about” 120 in the original outpouring …. “just the 12”
There were no chapter divisions in the book of Acts when it was written so what we have is this
7 But He said to them, “It is not for you to know periods of time or appointed times which the Father has set by His own authority; 8 but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and Samaria, and as far as the remotest part of the earth.”
...
12 Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mountain called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day’s journey away. 13 When they had entered the city, they went up to the upstairs room where they were staying, that is, Peter, John, James, and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James. 14 All these were continually devoting themselves with one mind to prayer, along with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.
15 At this time Peter stood up among the brothers and sisters (a group of about 120 people was there together), and said, 16 “Brothers, the Scripture had to be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit foretold by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to those who arrested Jesus. ....
When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. 2 And suddenly a noise like a violent rushing wind came from heaven, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting. 3 And tongues that looked like fire appeared to them, distributing themselves, and a tongue rested on each one of them. 4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with different tongues, as the Spirit was giving them the ability to speak out.
5 Now there were Jews residing in Jerusalem, devout men from every nation under heaven. 6 And when this sound occurred, the crowd came together and they were bewildered, because each one of them was hearing them speak in his own language. 7 They were amazed and astonished, saying, “Why, are not all these who are speaking Galileans?
So there it appears to be 120 people who get the outpouring of the Holy Spirit - and they "began to speak with different tongues
The cloven tongues “like as of” fire was the phenomena…the miracle was that the tongues they spoke could be understood by the Judeans
The miracle in the text is that "they began to speak with different tongues".
8 And how is it that we each hear them in our own language to which we were born? 9 Parthians, Medes, and Elamites, and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea, and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya around Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, 11 Cretans and Arabs—we hear them speaking in our own tongues of the mighty deeds of God.” 12 And they all continued in amazement and great perplexity, saying to one another, “What does this mean?” 13 But others were jeering and saying, “They are full of sweet wine!”
So instead of "just Judeans" we have all these other languages as well as those from Judea
in our own language to which we were born? 9
, Medes
, and Elamites
, and residents of Mesopotamia
,
Judea
, and Cappadocia
, Pontus and Asia
, 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia
, Egypt and the parts of Libya around Cyrene
, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes,
11 Cretans and Arabs—we hear them
speaking in our own tongues
Hearing all those different languages at one time sounded like confusion to some of them...so some accused them of being drunk
And they all continued in amazement and great perplexity, saying to one another, “What does this mean?” 13 But others were jeering and saying, “They are full of sweet wine!”
Peter points out that the miracle is in the one's speaking in the various tongues -
14 But Peter, taking his stand with the other eleven, raised his voice and declared to them: “Men of Judea and all you who live in Jerusalem, know this, and pay attention to my words. 15 For these people are not drunk, as you assume, since it is only the third hour of the day; 16 but this is what has been spoken through the prophet Joel:
17 ‘And it shall be in the last days,’ God says,
‘That I will pour out My Spirit on all mankind;
And your sons and your daughters will prophesy,
And your young men will see visions,
And your old men will have dreams;
Peter points out that the ones speaking have the gift of the Holy Spirit - (i.e. - the saved saints not the unconverted lost people in the crowd
Tongues was not the gift …the gift was the indwelling of holy spirit.
It appears that Peter says these people do have that gift and that this explains why so many from different parts of the world can hear someone speaking to them in their own language. It also explains why others can hear many different tongues (languages) at once and think that those who are speaking are drunk.
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Acts 15 -
6 Now the apostles and elders came together to consider this matter. 7 And when there had been much dispute, Peter rose up and said to them: “Men and brethren, you know that a good while ago God chose among us, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel and believe. 8 So God, who knows the heart, acknowledged them by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He did to us, 9 and made no distinction between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.
Peter says the Apostles and Elders come together and are reminded that God gave the Holy Spirit's gift of tongues to gentiles in Acts 10 just as He did "to us"... the Apostles and Elders.,
Acts 10:
44 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all those who were listening to the message. 45 All the Jewish believers who came with Peter were amazed, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had also been poured out on the Gentiles. 46 For they were hearing them speaking with tongues and exalting God. Then Peter responded,
1 Cor 14 Paul tells us that the gift of tongues is for the purpose of evangelizing the unsaved - just as we see it being done in Acts 2.