The main part of the question was who is the seed of Satan? What children (descendants) did Satan have?
The seed of Satan are those who oppose God.
31 Then said Jesus to those Jews which believed on him, If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed; 32 And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. 33 They answered him, We be Abraham’s seed, and were never in bondage to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free? 34 Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin. 35 And the servant abideth not in the house for ever: but the Son abideth ever. 36 If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed. 37 I know that ye are Abraham’s seed; but ye seek to kill me, because my word hath no place in you. 38 I speak that which I have seen with my Father: and ye do that which ye have seen with your father. 39 They answered and said unto him, Abraham is our father. Jesus saith unto them, If ye were Abraham’s children, ye would do the works of Abraham. 40 But now ye seek to kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, which I have heard of God: this did not Abraham. 41 Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God. 42 Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me. 43 Why do ye not understand my speech? even because ye cannot hear my word. 44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it. 45 And because I tell you the truth, ye believe me not. 46 Which of you convinceth me of sin? And if I say the truth, why do ye not believe me? 47 He that is of God heareth God’s words: ye therefore hear them not, because ye are not of God.
The Holy Bible: King James Version, Electronic Edition of the 1900 Authorized Version. (Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 2009), Jn 8:31–47.
In this passage, Jesus acknowledges that these Jews are the physical seed of Abraham. Yet, He also seems to question it. He says, "if you were Abraham's children." So, they were physically Abraham's children but Jesus is alluding to something else when questions it based on their actions. Abraham was a friend of God. These Jews were opposing God. Jesus brought them a message from God and they opposed him, thus they were opposing God. We see this warning from the Pharisee Gamaliel.
33 When they heard that, they were cut to the heart, and took counsel to slay them. 34 Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space; 35 And said unto them, Ye men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what ye intend to do as touching these men. 36 For before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be somebody; to whom a number of men, about four hundred, joined themselves: who was slain; and all, as many as obeyed him, were scattered, and brought to nought. 37 After this man rose up Judas of Galilee in the days of the taxing, and drew away much people after him: he also perished; and all, even as many as obeyed him, were dispersed. 38 And now I say unto you, Refrain from these men, and let them alone: for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come to nought: 39 But if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. 40 And to him they agreed: and when they had called the apostles, and beaten them, they commanded that they should not speak in the name of Jesus, and let them go.
The Holy Bible: King James Version, Electronic Edition of the 1900 Authorized Version. (Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 2009), Ac 5:33–40.
Jesus says if they were really Abraham's children, they would do the deeds of Abraham. They weren't doing those deeds; they were opposing Jesus. He calls them the children of their father, the devil. They weren't the physical seed of the devil; however, their hearts were wicked like that of the devil. They were opposing God like the devil has.
29 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye build the tombs of the prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous, 30 And say,
If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets. 31 Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves,
that ye are the children of them which killed the prophets. 32 Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers. 33
Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?
34 Wherefore, behold,
I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify; and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and p
ersecute them from city to city: 35 That
upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar. 36 Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation.
37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! 38 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate. 39 For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.
The Holy Bible: King James Version, Electronic Edition of the 1900 Authorized Version. (Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 2009), Mt 23:29–39.
Here Jesus shows how the Jews had repeatedly opposed God down through history. God sent prophet after prophet and the Jews tormented and killed them. Notice His reference to serpents and vipers. He' not just calling them snakes, He's calling them vipers. A viper is a venomous snake, it's poisonous and deadly. Jesus is equating these Jews with being poisonous and deadly. They claim to be representing God, but they're actually opposing Him. They did to Jesus just as they had done to the prophets.
In modern times we tend to use the word generation of those all living at the same time, ie the younger or older generation. However, here, Jesus is using it to describe a class of people. Those who are wicked. He says the blood of all of the righteous, the prophets and wise men, slain will be required of the wicked.
The seed of the woman. This is a reference to man. Satan would bruise man's heal but man would crush his head. Down through time there had been no man that could destroy Satan. However, one day there would be a man who could resist and defeat Satan. That man would be Jesus the Christ. A man who never sinned. As hard as he tried Satan could not get Jesus to sin. Unlike the rest of mankind, Satan held no sway over Him. Satan did bruise His heal, at the Crucifixion. And Jesus, crushed Satan's head, destroyed him , at the Resurrection.
17 Now I urge you, brethren,
note those who cause divisions and offenses, contrary to the doctrine which you learned, and avoid them. 18 For those who are such do not serve our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly, and by smooth words and flattering speech
deceive the hearts of the simple. 19 For your obedience has become known to all. Therefore I am glad on your behalf; but I want you to be wise in what is good, and simple concerning evil. 20 And
the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet shortly.
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.
The New King James Version (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1982), Ro 16:17–20.
Paul says as long as these Christians would continue in the teaching they had learned God would crush Satan under their feet. Notice the references back to Genesis 3:15. Satan being crushed under their feet and the serpent having his head crushed. Crushed and feet are referenced in both instances. I think it's pretty clear that Paul referring back to Genesis 3:15.
Jesus became the seed of the woman. Paul tells us that Jesu was in the form of God and that He emptied Himself and took on the form of man.
5 For unto the angels hath he not put in subjection the world to come, whereof we speak. 6 But one in a certain place testified, saying,
What is man, that thou art mindful of him? or
the son of man, that thou visitest him? 7
Thou madest him a little lower than the angels; thou crownedst him with glory and honour, and didst set him over the works of thy hands: 8 Thou hast put all things in subjection under his feet. For in that he put all in subjection under him, he left nothing that is not put under him. But now we see not yet all things put under him. 9
But we see Jesus, vwho was made a little lower than the angels vfor the suffering of death, crowned with glory and honour; that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man. 10 For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings. 11 For both he that sanctifieth and they who are sanctified are all of one: for which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren, 12 Saying, I will declare thy name unto my brethren, in the midst of the church will I sing praise unto thee. 13 And again, I will put my trust in him. And again, Behold I and the children which God hath given me. 14
Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil; 15 And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. 16
For verily he took not on him the nature of angels; but he took on him the seed of Abraham. 17 Wherefore
in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people. 18 For in that he himself hath suffered being tempted, he is able to succour them that are tempted.
The Holy Bible: King James Version, Electronic Edition of the 1900 Authorized Version. (Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 2009), Heb 2:5–18.
5 You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had, 6 who,
though he existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God as something to be grasped, 7
but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature. 8 He humbled himself, by becoming obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross!
Biblical Studies Press, The NET Bible, Second Edition. (Denmark: Thomas Nelson, 2019), Php 2:5–8.
We can see from these passages that Jesus, the Son of God, became man so that He could destroy the works of the devil, the serpent. Satan held death over man and Jesus came as a man to destroy death and him who held it.
We are told in Scripture that Jesus was conceived by the power of God.
26 And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth, 27 To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name
was Mary. 28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail,
thou that art highly favoured, the Lord
is with thee: blessed
art thou among women. 29 And when she saw
him, she was troubled at his saying, and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be. 30 And the angel said unto her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast found favour with God. 31 And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son,
and shalt call his name JESUS. 32 He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David: 33 And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end. 34 Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man? 35 And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and
the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. 36 And, behold, thy cousin Elisabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month with her, who was called barren. 37 For with God nothing shall be impossible. 38 And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her.
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[1] The Holy Bible: King James Version, Electronic Edition of the 1900 Authorized Version. (Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 2009), Lk 1:26–38.
Jesus was not conceived by man, but rather by God. He was not conceived by man’s seed, but rather by God He is the Seed of the Woman. Thus, Satan is defeated by the seed of the Woman.
