It's an easy scientific elimination that the moon did not come from the Pacific Ocean.
The Fission Theory: This theory proposes that the Moon was once part of the Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in the history of the
solar system. The present Pacific Ocean basin is the most popular site for the part of the Earth from which the Moon came. This theory was thought possible since the Moon's composition resembles that of the Earth's
mantle and a rapidly spinning Earth could have cast off the Moon from its outer layers. However, the present-day Earth-Moon system should contain "fossil evidence" of this rapid spin and it does not. Also, this hypothesis does not have a natural explanation for the extra baking the lunar material has received.
(source: NASA
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question38.html
We are reexamining that it may have come out some other way than cast off rapidly spinning. If so, the spin evidence is not related. The lack of the iron core would be explained, if the iron remained with the earth. The "baking" is not proven, but is a consequence of the absence of water; so the absence of water must be explained. The sun and moon would have formed at the same distance from the sun, if they were formed together and then separated.
We must remember, we are actually asking three questions here, because this is a Christian forum: 1. What actually happened scientifically? 2. How would the people who wrote and accepted the Bible have processed it in their language with their technological understanding? 3. Is there any application in the answers to the first two that might be helpful to us to understand currently difficult passages of the Bible.
Last night, as I was falling asleep, I had the idea based on: creation is described by the folks contemporary with the early Christians and Jews (Philo and Aristotle and Plato, etc) as having begun with God separating unformed chaos into earth at the center, water around it, air around that, and finally fire around that, leaving the separation incomplete so movement would occur creating life. It would be possible to hypothesize that when God created the sun and moon, He took the earth that He had already raised up to a "top" in the water, and it was in a sphere about 2300 miles across (thank you to whoever got me thinking "smaller sphere"), originally in a ball of water about 9000 miles across total. He then peeled off the top layer of the sphere, leaving Pangea, with about 400 miles of lithosphere and mantle under it. The inner part was the moon, and as Pangea came "up", the moon went "down" (out the other side two Creation days later), and the force of separation slowly pushed the moon to its place in the sky, and also generated energy to create the heat for the molten iron core under Pangea. It makes sense theologically, and satisfies the requirements of the great NASA article you found (making it so simple to know what objections must be answered scientifically). We have satisfied the size of Pangea, the size of the moon, the size of the lithosphere, etc., with one simple drawing.
It would be nice to know if anyone can find any objection to this theory geologically. But I am also looking at this in the light of my question 2. I am mainly trained in mathematics, and one of my specialties is ancient mathematics. So, my next thought was, even if this is wrong, might the authors of Bible been taught this as children? I can't prove they were, but I know that this is how they looked that the world. Here's what I then saw regarding question 3: If the moon went down, to serve the function of marking times and seasons, would it ever come back? Then I saw in my head the image of the New Jerusalem coming down from heaven, and I did a quick calculation. Of course, in that time, there will be no need of sun, and if there is a moon, it will not be visible. The Lamb will be the light of the City of God. Moon is 2100 miles across in a sphere. New Jerusalem a cube 1500 miles on a side. The comparative volume is 3.3x10E9 for the Holy City to 5.3x10E9 for the moon. If you look at it linearly, the New Jerusalem, if it had volume equal to that of the moon, would provide a radius of 930 miles, compared to the actual radius of 1071 miles. Their ability to measure the earth was often off by 10 or 15%, and their ability in space was similar. Now, this could be coincidence that two such computations that no one ever thought to compare before are this close, but it also occurs to me, that we may be on to something here. I have already quoted some other evidence that the ancients believed in Pangea.